Doubtful IDs from Nepal

[Psyche]

Post 100.
Probably female Rapala dieneces.

4 species are somewhat similar with the postdiscal bands narrow, the HW band partly irregular & in space 1b (where the bluegrey patch is) forms a dome or arch.


Rapala tara: HW postdiscal band with several dislocation ,notably complete dislocation at vein 2 & 3.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!...13/Rapala-tara

Rapala suffusa. FW band curved bent towards the costa, HW orange crown obsolete, being yellow /ochreous & merging with the ground colour.
Indian forms have small black spot 2 & the arch/dome flatten.
Singapore 1 male ,2 females.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...h_Jonathan.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/production-...rop_x_152_.jpg
https://farm4.static.flickr.com/3301...126294c2e6.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!...Rapala-suffusa


Rapala damona: FW postdiscal band curved in towards costa (variable) Male orange brown, female paler; orange crown not well defined.
Singapore male & probable female.
https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4600/...0662737f_c.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-66Xxi-yYP...ash-SunnyC.png

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!.../Rapala-damona


Rapala dieneces: FW postdiscal band usually fairly straight. HW orange crown better defined & contrasted from the ground colour; marginal zone often with yellow/orange shadings.
Singapore male & 3 female.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Nq8JtCdenz...rlet+Flash.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...20-%20Chng.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...ash_Nelson.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...lash_Ellen.JPG

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!...apala-dieneces


This female have the FW band straight though undulate & the HW orange crown better defined.



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Nawab]

Sir, could you help me with these Choaspes, Cupido and Caltoris respectively?
1. https://www.flickr.com/photos/157512...posted-public/

2. https://www.flickr.com/photos/157512...posted-public/

3. https://www.flickr.com/photos/157512...posted-public/

P.S: sorry, seems the pics don't show up. Will try later.
Update: Added from Flickr.

[Psyche]

Post 102.

1. Should be Choaspes stigmata .

HW tail longer, pointed, longer than the black spot in space 1b; orange area from tail tip to inner margin of space 1b longer than HW cell.
Round spot in space 1b small, black space in space 1a (visible if open) well from the margin.
Evans state the two small black spots in space 2 are nearer vein 3 above them than vein 2 below them.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90300010.html
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844...I_DSC_4533.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...d08403b2-1.jpg
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki...I_DSC_4537.jpg

HW tail blunt. shorter than the round black spot in space 1b; length of orange area from tail tip to inner margin of space 1b =/less than HW cell length.

a. C. benjaminii HW round spot in space 1b small; black area in space 1a (visible if open as a 'V') not reaching near margin.
( All three images show the black area in space 1a, in the fold below the black spot, being far from the margin.)
Evans state the two small black spots in space 2 lie centrally between vein 2 & 3.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...kare_am792.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...83430fdb-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...9a11b1b8-1.jpg

b. C. furcata.HW black spot in space 1b large with an incurved head; black space in space 1a large reaching close to margin.
Evans stae the two small black spots in space 2 lie centrally between vein 2 & 3.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...1a_7/av115.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...2f8efba2-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...81320e8d-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...93409023-1.jpg

c. C. xanthopogon. ;HW black spot in space 1b large but head straight; black area in space 1a reaching near margin.
Evans stae the two small black spots in space 2 lies nearer vein 2 below them than vein 3 above them.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...4ae88f3e-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...b81ad3ae-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...9f130b1c-1.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 102.

2. should be Everes hugelii dipora. I am leaving it as Everes.
Note FW & HW postdiscal (or discal following Evans) spot 2 shifted in.

There seem a tremendous confusion with the two species E. argiades diporides & E. hugelii dipora.

Here is Evans' description of the two species.

E. argiades .
UnF discal spots all in line; UnH discal spots 2-5 on an even arc; male upF dark border under 2mm.
a. female uph orange spot at tornus .male upf border under 1mm........E. argiades diporides. Chitra to N. Burma.
b. female no orange spot at tornus. very variable ,WSF spots larger below; male border 1.5mm. ....E. argiades hellotia. Sikkim, Bhutan.


E. dipora (= E. hugelii dipora)
Unf discal spot in 2 shifted in; unh discal spots 3-5 in a straight line, spot in 2 shifted in.
Above male border > 2mm & often a prominent end cell spot.
Female uph no orange spot at tornus; unh orange spots more extensive & not sharply defined...... Kashmir to S. Shan States.


Following the above description .
E. argiades diporides.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...58a11e12-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...58a11e12-1.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...ac452d14-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...ac452d14-3.jpg

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/80590010.html

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...5949415f-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...5949415f-1.jpg



E. hugelii dipora.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/80610010.html

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...kare_am715.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...kare_am714.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...cad52e50-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...cad52e50-2.jpg


E. lacturnus ;HW spot 7 darker than the rest; all marginal & submarginal spots clear.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp...eres-lacturnus

[Psyche]

Post 102

3 should be Caltoris cormasa. Correction: Probably Caltoris aurociliata.-

Most of the Caltoris have two cellspots, bromus, brunnea, cahira sirius, confusa, tenuis.
Others have no cellspots.

C. cormasa typically have one ceelspot though an upper tiny spot is not uncommon.
The FW spots are also more yellowidh than other species.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93340001.html
http://nlliew66butterflies.blogspot....s-cormasa.html

C. cormasa have a strong reddish tone but the white balance here looks incorrect, the leaf a bit grey.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Nawab]

Thank you so much, sir. Could the Caltoris be Caltoris aurociliata? The yellow cilia is strong.

[Psyche]

Thank you so much, sir. Could the Caltoris be Caltoris aurociliata? The yellow cilia is strong.

I have thought about this but all the correct pix have 2 tiny subapical spots though this one with 3 subapical spots could be a female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...b60d5e77-1.jpg

However at certain angle & lighting the cilia appears pale.
This below is a male Caltoris cormasa with the cilia appearing pale yellowish.
50125720192_a3ae371f5a_b (1).jpg

Do you have another shot that will show the cilia is yellow in other view?
Otherwise it is difficult to tell if this is significant.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Nawab]

Same shot but with flash on.
5.jpg

Flash off
3.jpg

[Nawab]

Looking at the images on Yutaka website, Caltoris cormasa seem to have much darker upperwings than those of Caltoris aurociliata. Much like in my individual. However, the shape of the FW cellspot doesn't match which looks much like a full-stop in cormasa than a bar in aurociliata.

[Psyche]

You do have a point here.

However the shape of the lower cellspot varies in all species.
There are image of C. aurociliata with two small round cellspots.

Others like C. bromus & cahira may also have a similar large elliptical lower spot with the upper one missing.

C. cormasa is common in Singapore but 99% of shots do not show the upperside.
Here is one by Sunny Chir.
It was tentatively IDed as C. bromus because of the twin cellspots, but the reddish UnH suggest it is probably C. cormasa.
CORMASAPHTOBKT.jpg



Still a large lower elliptic cellspot seem the commoner form in C. aurociliata.
A positive ID is a side view showing the yellow cilia on both wings. It is the only species which can do that.


TL Seow: Cheers.

PS. I think you are right. It should be Caltoris aurociliata.
Although not the expected yellow-orange colour the cilia are sharply defined from the wing margins in this species.