ID help needed

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,
Thank you for the detailed illustrations.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,
Is this Arhopala pseudomuta pseudomuta?
Screenshot 2025-08-10 095857.jpg

Thanks.

[Psyche]

Post 92
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...6&d=1754791491
Yes. It is Arhopala pseudomuta pseudomuta.

Only two member of the alitaeus group occur in Singapore.
The two have rather rounded spots.
The alitaeus group.
1 FW postdiscal spot 4 dislocated and shifted out from the other.
2.HW with spot 7 directly atop spot 6.
3. HW postdiscal band fully dislocated at vein 2.
ALITAE.png

Arhopala alitaeus have heavy contrasted markings.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...+-+HoraceT.jpg

The other members eg A. elopura, ariana, aida etc have spots with straighter margins and look quite different. None are recorded from singapore.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr Seow.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,

Not very sure what Arhopala species is this?
Screenshot 2025-08-12 110605.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 95
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...1&d=1754968201
This is another Arhopala pseudomuta.

The confusing thing is HW spot 7 seem to be shifted inwards abit more and spot 6 is triangular with rounded corners.
There are examples of A. pseudomuta like this eg.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202728
A more t6ypical A. pseudomuta.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847203450


The general appearance made it appear like A. lurida.
The position of HW spot 7 in A. lurida is also variable, sometimes well shifted inwards and sometimes not.
Typical.
https://www.gbif.org/es/occurrence/2847200394
Looking very much like A. pseudomuta.
https://www.gbif.org/es/occurrence/2847200393

However the two can be separated in that...
In A. pseudomuta FW spot 4 is strongly dislocated from both spot 5 above it and spot 3 below it.
In A. lurida FW spot 4 is only partially dislocated from spot 5,but well so from spot 3.
LURIDa.png
Arhopala pseudomuta.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...e-wee-Kiat.jpg
A. lurida Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ala-lurida.jpg
A. atosia is a close relative of A. lurida and its HW spot 7 may also be only weakly shifted inwards.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec..._atosia_01.jpg

Possibly A. lurida is still extant in Singapore as it can be easily confused with A. pseudomuta.


TL Seow :Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr Seow.

[Sailfish]

Dear Dr Seow,

Appreciate your id.
1.Screenshot 2025-08-22 133020(1).jpg
2.Screenshot 2025-08-22 143814.jpg
Thanks.

[Psyche]

Post 98.https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...0&d=1755840900
2 https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...1&d=1755844818

Both are Ionolyce helicon.
At a certain oblique view the FW becomes shorter and have been confused with Nacaduba in the past.
IONYO.png
Both species lack a costal spots above the midcell band.

Nacaduba beroe.
FW potdiscal band usually with a mid dislocation.
HW submarginal spot in space 3 lunulate.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...lt_male_01.jpg

Ionolyce helicon.
FW also lack a spot above the midcell band.
FW postdiscal band serially dislocated.
HW submarginal spot 3 chevron or V-shaped.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...hee%20Meng.jpg


TL Seow:Cheers.

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr Seow.