Which Horaga?

[Psyche]

Horaga onyx sardonyx. Correction ;H syrinx maenala.


Four species are recorded from Singapore.
Two medium & two small species.

They can be easily confused.

H. syrinx maenala.
The white patch on the FW is generally narrow & not notched. (variable.)
Underside HW white postdiscal band ,as it bends inwards is sinuous & irregularly thicken; it falls short of reaching the margin.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...011-copy-6.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...04_02_2011.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Dwe-TU83l...nOnyx3-KSK.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...20-%20Khew.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83170010.html



H. onys sardonyx.
FW white patch wider, strongly notched in the outer margin.
Underside HW postdiscal band ,after the bend runs straight, of uniform width to the margin or almost so.
Thai examples.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83160010.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...x-1080x675.jpg

Singapore example.
https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3480/...fac_z.jpg?zz=1


The other two are small species. Both have forelegs mostly white.

H. chacedonyx. Upperside FW white patch extends below vein 2 ; upperside with blue scaling.
https://singapore.biodiversity.onlin...doptera-000462
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83173020.html


H. albimacula.
Upperside brown, FW white patch not extending below vein 2.
The continental ssp viola is also treated as a separate species.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...arya_aj909.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...aDas_ap237.jpg

Probable Singapore example.
https://farm3.static.flickr.com/2316...c9be6dfa69.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.