#1. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216406224
Male Euploea modesta modesta.


Several species can be confusing in fieldshots.
they varies widely in different regions so comparing shots from different countries can be bewildering.

Euploea algea.
UpF appearing blue-black with a dark blue sheen
Male brand very long & broad.
FW apex more rounded in the male.
HW submarginal spots more elongate ,reaching 4X the marginal spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30600010.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped..._Phi_Phi_2.jpg
Female.
https://www.reddit.com/r/Butterflies...ysia/#lightbox


The next two species can look almost identical from the underside alone.


Euploea modesta modesta.

UpF with the basal 2/3 deep dark blue.
Male with the FW tornus excavated (cut in) Diagnostic, but visible only in sharp focus.
HW more triangular, ie sharper at the apex.
Male without a brand.
Smaller than E. midamus.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30500001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterfl...ploea-modesta/
https://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.c...p/modesta4.jpg


Euploea midamus chloe.

UpF with only the basal area with a dark blue sheen. more often with some discal spots.
HW more rounded, submarginal spots relatively rounded.
Larger than E. modesta.
Male with a narrow moderate brand.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/dan/30760010.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterfl...ploea-midamus/