ID request - July 28, 2024

[Psyche]

#8 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227949482

Arhopala major.
Tailless. Markings as for the amphimuta group.
HW posdiscal band dislocated; V spot distorte as J; no tornal white dot.




#9 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227963719

Neptis leucoporos.
fW postdiscal spot 3 touching the submarginal series of spot.
HW discal band not reaching the uppermargin.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720200010.html



#10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227972119

Arhopala pseudomuta.

[Psyche]

#11 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/228610530

Potanthus omaha male.
Abdominal end yellow.
Underside ground lightly shaded.
Veins variably lightly dark-dusted.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...obby%20Mun.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...se_site_01.jpg



@12 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/228610549

Most likely female Arhopala major.

The pattern is that of the amphimuta group.
The position where a tornal white spot may be is hidden
However, the upperside with the broad brown borders on both wings is that of female A. major or norda.
The HW V spot is poorly shaped suggesting A. major. V spot is well-formed in A. norda.



#13. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/229447464
Male Euthalia merta.

Readily identifiable by the outward facing arrowheads.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-faP0tbqdU...0/DSC_0019.JPG
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...drick%20ho.jpg



#14. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230064982

Possibly Miletus chinensis.
Impossible to be certain.
Nearly identical to M. biggsii on the underside.

The top subapical spot in M. boggsii is usually well out of line with the rest of the subapical series.
Singapore.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...%20biggsii.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...llen%20Tan.JPG
https://live.staticflickr.com/2480/3...8aca959d_c.jpg


In M. chinensis the top subapical spot is more or less in line.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/npict12/80210010_n005.jpg
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/2002-1-c35e4.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...s_-Ventral.jpg

Note other species ie M. gopara & gaesa have the spot as in chinensis.



#15 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065004

Arhopala pseudomuta.

[Psyche]

#16 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065006

Arhopala pseudomuta.



#17 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065023

Amphimuta group.
No definite tornal white spot.
A. amphimuta or major.

The two are very similar & not as easily separated as in Singapore.



#18 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065024

At first sight this suggest Ge geta,but some features do not match.

Ge geta have long tapering antennal clubs.
The labial palps in front of the head are not protruding as here.
Ge geta.
https://nlliew66butterflies.blogspot...niceville.html
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Cezf7mD7u...0/DSC_0220.JPG
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CSJM4OmHR...0/DSC_5916.JPG
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92370001.html

This seem to match Quedara better.
The labial palps are bulging, the antennal clubs more angled.
Quedara males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...0/DSC_8977.JPG
https://nlliew66butterflies.blogspot...monteithi.html
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sC8j1FwRw...0/DSC_0375.JPG


Most likely Quedara ?monteithi or singularis.

[Psyche]

All three are members of the amphimuta group.

#19A https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065025
Vague tornal white spot.

#19B https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065027
Definite white cilial spot in pic 1.
Upperside with broad brown borders on both FWs & HWs suggest Arhopala norda/major.
Upperside+tornal white spot = female Arhopala norda.

#19C https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065028
Tornal white spot in pic 1.
Upperside HW mainly brown pic 4 = white tornal spot suggest female A. norda.

There is a strong suggestion that all three are Arhopala norda.

[Psyche]

#20 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230444432

Arhopala pseudomuta.



#21 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230444435

Amphimuta group, subgroup amphimuta.
No tornal white spot.
The HW postdiscal band fairly straight, so probably Arhopala amphimuta.



@22 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230444486
Again no white tornal spot ,HW postdiscal band fairly straight.
Probably A. amphimuta.

Outside of Singapore A. amphimuta is probably the commoner of the two.

[Psyche]

#31 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/231779898

Female Tanaecia munda waterstradti

This is one of those elusive rarity that was so confusing in the past.
Note green eyes & on the FW in space 1b a single large sub-basal spot that differentiate it from the female of Euthalia monina.



Tanaecia pelea pelea.
HW more rounded in the male.
HW arrowheads set midway or nearer inner border of marginal zone.
Male
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...ederick_03.jpg
female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...erick%20Ho.jpg


Tanaecia palguna consanguinea.
Male robust, & HW arrowheads set nearer outer margin.
FW arrowheads shorter & placed nearer to outer margin.
Males
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ia-palguna.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...6917/large.jpg
Female.
https://a4.pbase.com/g9/25/686825/2/...5.MwQKhqWz.jpg


Tanaecia munda waterstradti
HW arrowheads set nearer outer margin.
Hw marginal zone strongly whitened.
FW arroheads longer, as in pelea.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...8396/large.jpg
https://a4.pbase.com/o6/25/686825/1/...._LC81369x.jpg
Females.
https://a4.pbase.com/g6/25/686825/3/...3.q4HTrHyT.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/i...tZgy7j0SW0og&s
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WK_R2gEF_...0/DSC_0071.JPG

Added.
Northwards into S. Thailand ,the HW becomes browner.
Male, Betong. Note stouter built, tapered HW; placement of HW arrowheads.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...1-1080x675.jpg

Compare Male T. pelea, Si Thamarat. Less stout; rounded HW ;placement of HW arrowheads nearer inner border.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...1-1080x675.jpg



Tanaecia aruna aruna.
FW with separated white discal spots inner to the white arrowheads.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ia-aruna-1.jpg


Female Euthalia monina monina.
Eyes brown. FW space 1b with two or more smallish sub-basal dark spots.
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/2831-1-c1891.jpg

Added
Female Euthalia kanda marana.
This can look similar but also have tiny sub-basal spots in FW space 1b.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...171/large.jpeg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Lx48-CUu...0/DSC_0201.JPG




TL seow: Cheers.
Added.
Correct image of the female Tanaecia munda in Peninsular Malaysia is extremely rare.
There is one in the Corrigenda to C&P 5 Plate 2, fig. 9.
https://www.mothsofborneo.com/Corrig...Nov12_2021.pdf

[SL Liew]

Thanks so much Dr. Seow - very illuminating and educational.
Cheers from Penang, SL Liew