ID request - July 28, 2024

[Psyche]

All three are members of the amphimuta group.

#19A https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065025
Vague tornal white spot.

#19B https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065027
Definite white cilial spot in pic 1.
Upperside with broad brown borders on both FWs & HWs suggest Arhopala norda/major.
Upperside+tornal white spot = female Arhopala norda.

#19C https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230065028
Tornal white spot in pic 1.
Upperside HW mainly brown pic 4 = white tornal spot suggest female A. norda.

There is a strong suggestion that all three are Arhopala norda.

[Psyche]

#20 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230444432

Arhopala pseudomuta.



#21 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230444435

Amphimuta group, subgroup amphimuta.
No tornal white spot.
The HW postdiscal band fairly straight, so probably Arhopala amphimuta.



@22 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/230444486
Again no white tornal spot ,HW postdiscal band fairly straight.
Probably A. amphimuta.

Outside of Singapore A. amphimuta is probably the commoner of the two.

[Psyche]

#31 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/231779898

Female Tanaecia munda waterstradti

This is one of those elusive rarity that was so confusing in the past.
Note green eyes & on the FW in space 1b a single large sub-basal spot that differentiate it from the female of Euthalia monina.



Tanaecia pelea pelea.
HW more rounded in the male.
HW arrowheads set midway or nearer inner border of marginal zone.
Male
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...ederick_03.jpg
female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...erick%20Ho.jpg


Tanaecia palguna consanguinea.
Male robust, & HW arrowheads set nearer outer margin.
FW arrowheads shorter & placed nearer to outer margin.
Males
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ia-palguna.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...6917/large.jpg
Female.
https://a4.pbase.com/g9/25/686825/2/...5.MwQKhqWz.jpg


Tanaecia munda waterstradti
HW arrowheads set nearer outer margin.
Hw marginal zone strongly whitened.
FW arroheads longer, as in pelea.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...8396/large.jpg
https://a4.pbase.com/o6/25/686825/1/...._LC81369x.jpg
Females.
https://a4.pbase.com/g6/25/686825/3/...3.q4HTrHyT.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/i...tZgy7j0SW0og&s
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WK_R2gEF_...0/DSC_0071.JPG

Added.
Northwards into S. Thailand ,the HW becomes browner.
Male, Betong. Note stouter built, tapered HW; placement of HW arrowheads.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...1-1080x675.jpg

Compare Male T. pelea, Si Thamarat. Less stout; rounded HW ;placement of HW arrowheads nearer inner border.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...1-1080x675.jpg



Tanaecia aruna aruna.
FW with separated white discal spots inner to the white arrowheads.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ia-aruna-1.jpg


Female Euthalia monina monina.
Eyes brown. FW space 1b with two or more smallish sub-basal dark spots.
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/2831-1-c1891.jpg

Added
Female Euthalia kanda marana.
This can look similar but also have tiny sub-basal spots in FW space 1b.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...171/large.jpeg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2Lx48-CUu...0/DSC_0201.JPG




TL seow: Cheers.
Added.
Correct image of the female Tanaecia munda in Peninsular Malaysia is extremely rare.
There is one in the Corrigenda to C&P 5 Plate 2, fig. 9.
https://www.mothsofborneo.com/Corrig...Nov12_2021.pdf

[SL Liew]

Thanks so much Dr. Seow - very illuminating and educational.
Cheers from Penang, SL Liew