Butterflies of Vietnam

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

Ended a trip to Vietnam a while ago, have a hefty list that requires some checks. I understand that Vietnam may have more limited materials, and i largely refered to Yukata's website for some IDs, though im still somewhat uncertain on some of these. This is going to be a heavy post, and i would like to apologies in advance as it probably is rather tedious. I understand that material might also be limited so any opinions would be welcome!

Rapala nissa?
1 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464539
2 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464538

Heliophorus delacouri?
3 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464532
4 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463258

Challenging one for me. Kallima incognita?
5 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464531

Euthalia monina?
6 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464515

Challenging one again. Miletus species
7 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462576
8 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462575

Appias nero? I recall theres a similar species towards Appias nero in Vietnam but im not sure
9 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463228

Two similar skippers? Astictopterus
10 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462024
11 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464514

Red bobs of sorts, but is faded
12 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216461173

Tanaecia?
13 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456705

Lethe confusa?
14 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456692

Graphium xenocles? The one on the right
15 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452843

Graphium macareus? The one on the left
16 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452844

Challenging one also, Curetis sp
17 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452815
18 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447545

Another Mysterious Euthalia
19 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341435

Tagiades litigiosa?
20 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332971

Looks like Halpe zema, but i believe there are many similar looking ones given the amount of Halpe species around
21 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212

Im not too sure about the status of Thauria in Vietnam, should be aliris or lathiyi?
22 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324207

Elymnias patna?
23 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324185

Elymnias malelas?
24 - https://inaturalist.org/observations/216290615

Dercas gobras?
25 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216292315

Choaspes subcaudata? Realise only two individuals after ive posting here seeing the end of the orange tornal area has differences
26 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219993926
27 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436253

Genus Celaenorrhinus is as far as i can go
28 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436257

The most difficult and tedious one that i need the help most with. Gonna be a lot with the following one, apologies in advance!
Stichophthalma, im sure there is at least 2 - 3 species in my shots here
29 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216465424
30 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463265
31 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456696
32 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452812
33 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452811
34 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452809
35 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452807
36 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452807
37 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333098
38 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333095
39 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216333094
40 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332997
41 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332983
42 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332963
43 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332962
44 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332960
45 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324199
46 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324195
47 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452810

Skipping regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Terrible tough lots.

#1.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464539
#2.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464538

likely Rapala suffusa.
FW band is cueved ,HW specked patch half the size ;ochreous ground colour.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4i/83970001.html
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Ra...uffusa-suffusa

R. nissa have FW band/line straight # underside brownish.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4i/84140001.html



#3.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464532
#4.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463258

Heliophorus delacouri.
Un without lines .UnH space 2 postdiscal white spot merged with the white lunulate margin.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b009001.html

H. kohimensis is similar but UnH white postdiscal spot in space 2 is separated from the lunulate margin of the red border.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b007010.html

[Psyche]

#5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464531
I can't find any explanation to differentiate the different species.

#6. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464515
Euthalia monina kesava.
A small white spot is sometimes present on the FW.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim2/721310010.html


#7.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462576
Miletus chinensis female.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462576


#8. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462575
Uncertain. Probably male M. chinensis.

[Psyche]

#9. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463228
The sp. in Vietnam is Appias galba. It has sharper FW apex.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/20570001.html


#10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462024
#11.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216462024

Astictopterus jama.
Note the vague fascia.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...ew%20-%203.jpg


#12. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216461173
Koruthaialos rubecula.
Note the long palpi 3rd segment (labial palps) with zoom.
The only species with this feature.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...s-rubecula.jpg

[Psyche]

#13 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456705
Tanaecia jahnu female.
See female from Nong Khai.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim2/720910001.html


#14. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456692
Lethe confusa female.
Note very regular discal line.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40220001.html


#15 (right). https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452843
Graphium xenocles
Note orange tornal spot.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pap/15200010.html


#16. (left) https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452844
Graphium macareus.
Note horizontal stripe in space 3 unbroken.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pap/15000020.html

In G. megarus ,horizontal stripe in space 3 broken.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pap/15400010.html

[Psyche]

#17. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452815
#18. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216447545

Likely Curetis dentata.
Underside with fine spots.
HW postdiscal & discal spots in spaces 6 & 7 are aligned & nearly parallel.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84060010.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84060020.html

In C. bulis HW spot 6 is slightly under spot 7.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84030001.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/curetis-bulis/


#19.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216341435
Female Euthalia monina kesava.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim2/721310010.html


#20.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216332971
Tagiades litigiosa.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/T...iosa-litigiosa


#21. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324212
Halpe elana. Correction: Halpe zola..
Note irregular sinuous band.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91280001.html

[Psyche]

#22.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324207

Thauria lathyi.
See distribution map in website.
T. aliris does not occur in Vietnam.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50500010.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50490020.html



#23.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216324185

Elymnias patna.
Note underside little striations & series of postdiscal spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40080001.html



#24.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216290615

Elymnias saueri ( previously as E. casiphone.)
Note HW dark submarginal fascia.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40120010.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Elymnias-saueri

E. malelas .Note clean striated look.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Elymnias-malelas




#25.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216292315

Dercas verhuelli.
D. gobrias does not occur in Vietnam.
See distribution map in website.
FW dark border extend down margin more.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21070010.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21090010.html

[Psyche]

#26.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/219993926
#27.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436253

Choaspes subcaudata.

This pic doesn't seem to show a tail & might be a different species. Possibly C. xanthopogon.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...507/large.jpeg


The difficulty is in judging the tail, ie. whether it is a long tailed species or not.
Two species are long-tailed & three are short-tailed.
At rest the tornal lobe is folded into a tail.
To id properly it is necessary to shoot a bit of opened fold. This show up as a narrow triangle.
Within the fold the extent of the black patch is critical in the id.

Longtailed species.

1. Choaspes subcaudata.
Fold with the black area extending near to the margin.
Note the black area within the opened triangular fold.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/C...atus-crawfurdi
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ubcaudatus.jpg



2. Choaspes stigmatus.
Note the black patch extend very little in the triangular fold.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/...8462b97b_b.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...tigmatus-1.jpg


Short-tailed species.

3. Choaspes benjaminii
Black inside the triangular fold little; spots also tend to be small.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...8fe78b49-2.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...benjaminii.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...9a11b1b8-1.jpg



The next two have more extensive black & can look very similar.

4. Choaspes furcatus.
Black colour is extensive in the tornal fold ,reaching close to the margin.
Large tornal black spot tend to be angled inwards, slightly 'hooked'.
https://wingscales.com/media/2400/3055-1-06b00.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choasp...ed_Awlking.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...edAwlking.jpeg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...es/av115_0.jpg
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90340001.html


5. Choaspes xanthopogon.
The black in the HW tornal fold is slightly less than in furcatus.
The tornal black spot is aligned fairly straight.
the upperside is more brown.
Probable.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...9f130b1c-1.jpg
Taiwan (Note only two spp in Taiwan,namely xanthopogon & benjaminii.)
https://www.123rf.com/photo_82247957...butterfly.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90320001.html




#28.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216436257

Celaenorrhinus leucocera.
Male antennae all white. HW spots small. discal one most prominent.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90470001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/C...inus-leucocera

[Psyche]

Revision.

#5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216464531

Kallima incognita.

Molecular analysis have indicate four species in the Indo-chinese area.

1. FW orange band with the undulating dark submarginal line well-developed in space 2.

1a. Kallima alicia.
Upperside largely brown.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760330010.html

1b. Kallima inachus siamensis.
Upperside deeply blue-green shot.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760320010.html
2nd ssp. alboinachus is marked with a white band.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760320020.html


2. FW orange band with the submarginal line absent or very weak in space 2.

2a. Kallima limborgi.
Restricted to southern Thailand & P. Malaysia.
FW orange in space 1b small. Discal white spot not distinctly black-ringed.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760350001.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/K...rgii-limborgii

2b. Kallima incognita.
Occur throughout the Indochinese region.
FW orange in space 1b more extensive, sullied. Discal white spot distinctly black-ringed.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760340001.html
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Kallima-incognita

[Psyche]

Stichophthalma fruhstorferi.

HW with the submarginal band formed of zigzagging lunulate spots.
Eyespots incomplete, several missing from each wing.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50240001.html


#29. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216465424
#30. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216463265
#31. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216456696
#32. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452812
#33. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/216452811


Stichophthalma howqua iapetus is similar but HW submarginal more blocky & FW discal band wide at costa & tapered sharply to a narrow band below vein 4.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50230020.html