Three species are very similar & easily confused, namely U. disjungens, Hypospila bolinoides, & Tochara creberrima.
Ugia disjungens.
FW postmedial slightly oblique,at the apex it curved out to the apical tip.
Discal spot is oblong or reniform (kidney-shaped).
Antemedial is crenate (scalloped).
Hypospila bolinoides.
FW postmedial about parallel to the margin, set deeper than in Tochara, ending at the costa.
Discal spot is rounded.
Antemedial is absent.
Tochara creberrima.
FW postmedial is parallel to the margin ,nearer to it than in H. bolinoides.,& ends on the costa.
Discal spot is reniform
Antemedial is absent.
Another challenging ID i require some assistance and second opinions with. I was inform by the general community that this is a brunia species, but another user has challenge my current thoughts when photos of a similar looking species, Katha prabana, was shown to me. I know its extremely difficult to narrow by species, so if genus or family is the next best alternative, i am willing to take a look! These are all inat post since the photos have been archive, hope it doesn't cause any inconvenience.
But here lies two more challenging ones i need assistance with, and these are caterpillar only observations. Most Singapore reserves closes by 7pm and thus night surveys are hard to be conducted for moths survey. Here are two caterpillar which i notice are somewhat seen from time to time, but do not have proper identification. Both are IDed as Kunugia species, but i do not have access to any literature material that might be of proper ID records. Would like your second opinion here.
1-caterpillar with two red horn. No doubt it is a lappet moth, and overtime this has been ID'ed as Kunugia caterpillar. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137035498
The females of Brunia antica & sarawaca are practically identical & it is uncertain if B. sarawaca is present since images of males taken in Singapore do not quite match . https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/ENT_0038_0141-0176.pdf
Salient points.
Female of Brunia antica & sarawaca; Top of head & prothorax yellow.
Female of Katha prabana. Top of head & prothorax dark grey as the rest of the thorax.
Just one observation here. I shot this adorable green moth with very amazing camouflage. I narrowed down the genus to be eboda, i would like to hear your opinions or second opinion on this observation. Appreciate any form of inputs!
Would like to know if you have any literature that u can share about how to differentiate some of the species here, which i am keen to learn slowly! If there is none, ill still appreciate the insights i am able to get. Hoping whatever little literature on moths will assist in IDs and all
Ischyja is an interesting genus of large moths.
There are at least seven species in Singapore.
The males can be Ided with some confidence but the females can be very confusing.
Note wingshape is not reliable in fieldshot ID,and it is hard to judge the HW blue band in partially covered shots.
I will follow Holloway's descriptive terms. ISCHYJA.png
Ischyja inferna & manlioides. HW blue band wide in both sexes.
I inferna.
Male reniform irregular & parallel to the boundary.
Loop mark with thin highlights & is separated from the reniform by a dark bar on its upper side.
I. manlioides.
Male with the irregular reniform merging with the broad highlight on the outer margin of the loop mark.
The females of the two are nearly identical. Females with diffuse boundary & basal zone dark, the markings hardly visible. Holloway states both sexes of I. manlioides have a better defined less diffuse boundary.
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