ID request - Peninsular Malaysia by SL Liew - March 7, 2025

Hi Dr. Seow,
How are you? Need your help again to help confirm id of these observations. Thank you.

#1 Jamides? - Perlis State Park - Feb 17, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262079002

#2 Potanthus? - Kuala Woh, Perak - Feb 24, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262898713

#3 Caltoris? - Kuala Woh, Perak - Feb 24, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262911520

#4 Allotinus? - Kuala Woh, Perak - Feb 24, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262911525

#5 Jamides? - Kuala Woh, Perak - Feb 24, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262911530

#6 Tanaecia iapis? - Kuala Woh, Perak - Feb 24, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262911543

#7 Skipper? - Kuala Woh, Perak - Feb 24, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262987198

#8 Skipper? - Kuala Woh, Perak - Feb 24, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262987199

#9 Potanthus? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 26, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263132266

#10 Skipper? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 26. 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263164687

#11 Arhopala? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 26, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263164711

#12 Arhopala? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 26, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263164727

#13 Parnara? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 26, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263165906

#14 Nacaduba? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 28, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263361302

#15 Pyroneura flava? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Feb 28, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263361306

#16 Neptis? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 2, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263613634

#17 Arhopala? - Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 2, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263613660

#18 Arhopala? - Kuala Sedim, Kedah - Mar 5, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263965217

#19 Arhopala? - Kuala Sedim, Kedah - Mar 5, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263988394

#20 Jamides? - Kuala Sedim, Kedah - Mar 5, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264009744

#21 Arhopala? - Kuala Sedim, Kedah - Mar 5, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051153

#22 Skipper? - Kuala Sedim, Kedah - Mar 5, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051170

#23 Lassipa? - Kuala Sedim, Kedah - Mar 5, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263967863

#24 Euthalia? - Kuala Sedim, Kedah - Mar 5, 2025
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263988398

Best regards from Penang, SL Liew

1. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262079002
Likely jamides celeno.

Presumably male.
FW margin rounded & UnH tornal spot without long side bars.
UnH discal band straie not dislocated.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200956
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200957

J. pura.
FW margin straghter & tornal spot sidebars often long.
UnH discal band straie not broken.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200489
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200487

J. zebra.
FW margin straighter & UnH black spot often with long sidebars.
UnH white striae dislocated by vein 6.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847199969
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847199962

2.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262898713
Likely Potanthus mingo male.

Small FW 12mm.species, Abdominal end black-banded.
UnH band veins not dark-dusted.
Ground colour heavily dark, band edged by diffuse darkspots.
Worn male on the right.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tFtROXZYi...us%2Bmingo.JPG

Similar.
P. serina. large FW 17mm.
More orangey, abdominal end with a black band.
FW spot 5 always smaller than spot 4.
Ground moderately dark shaded.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...a+M+Horace.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...ale_Horace.jpg

3.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262911520
Probably male Caltoris bromus.

Antenna wiyh a prominent pale area.
Three similar species.

C. bromus.
FW & HW uniformly brown.
Subapical 2-3 often 2.
UnH sometimes with white spot in space 2 & 3. especially in the female.
Male.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterfl...ltoris-bromus/
Females Taiwan
https://live.staticflickr.com/6177/6...dd7ab1ee_b.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...63/medium.jpeg


C. cahira.
UnH dark chocolate ,contrasting with the FW.
Subpical often two.
UnH never with white spot.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/137111202@N08/44295780121
Female.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7l1dr3n_g...ris+bromus.jpg


C. cormasa.
FW subapical spots 2-3 often three & small.
UnH dark reddish/purple brown contrasting with FW.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...C_adult_03.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...C_adult_02.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...obby%20Mun.jpg

4.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262911525

Likely to be Allotinus unicolor.

Although the markings look somewhat different it is the arrangement that matters.
On the HW postdiscal spot 6 is the slightly 'S' shaped spot (not the diamond-shaped one).
This spot 6 is placed well inside of spot 7 (a vertical bar) & spot 5.
The position is diagnostic for A. unicolor only.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202689
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202730
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202738

5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262911530

Likely Jamides malaccanus.

Full white strial length from top to bottom UnH are seen in two species.

Jamides malaccanus.
Upperside deeper blue.
UnH with the white stria merging with the orange patch in space 2.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200971
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200968
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200601

Jamides parasaturatus.
Upperside lighter blue.
UnH white stria in space 2 separated from the orange patch by a thin black line.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200566
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200564
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200536

The difference is not absolute.

6.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262911543

Tanaecia iapis. Also as Cynitia cocytina.

HW blue band broad from top to bottom.
Inner border irregularly incised.
FW & HW inner margins do not aligned well at rest.
FW apex rounded.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847204959
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1898830171
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1990600014


Tanaecia flora.
HW blue band broad at the tornus but narrows upwards.
Inner borders of FW & HW blue band regular & aligned at rest.
FW apex narrower & slightly hooked.
Underside marginal zones pale.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847205008
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847206827
female.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/5007193037
male.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2242800920


Tanaecia godartii
FW apex rounded.
HW band narrow.
Both bands with regular borders ,aligned well at rest.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847204935
https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simp...974ea50f769c79
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1986564561

7.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262987198

Baoris, likely B. farri.
Ground colour uniform brown with raised veins.
Antennae mostly black with slightly longer clubs.

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/B...B_DSC_6157.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...623_244948.jpg

8.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/262987199
Zographetus satwa.

There is only one skipper here marked like this.
The subapical spots may varies & the HW dark spots may be absent.
See below female from Nan.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91750001.html

9. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263132266
Should be Potanthus confucius.
The UnF spots are broadly overlapping so that the band is continuous.
Two species typically have this feature in the male.

P. confucius Smaller FW 12-13 mm.
Underside shading variable & bands edged with dark spots.
HW spot 6 not large above.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2456362404
female
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847175758

https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92790010.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/P...nfucius-dushta


Potanthus pava.
Larger FW 15mm.
UpH spot 6 large.
Male UpF with yellow scales at the base of space 2 (absent in female).
Underside ground barely dark-dusted ,the bands edged with black striae.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2456362178
https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simp...1c7166ede53f29
female.
https://www.gbif.org/tools/zoom/simp...4e9c85a30e6163

https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92820001.html

10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263164687

Should be Pemara pugnans.
The image is practically featureless & worn.
The antennae have long tapering clubs & downtured tips.
They are that of Pemara.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...20-%20Khew.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...5322/large.jpg

11. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263164711

Arhopala amphimuta milleriana male.
The 3rd image shows the UpF which is completely blue except for the thin brown border(ssp. milleriana)
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202517

SSp. amphimuta Male UpF border a thread.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202532

12 .https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263164727

Arhopala amphimuta milleriana.
Although the HW tornus shows a faint white dot, it is too weak to be A. moolaiana.

A. amphimuta with weak tornal white cilia.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202517
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202533

A. moolaiana with more distinct white tornal spot.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3860009378
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4935849552

13. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263165906

Parnara bada.
Athough the HW spots are large suggesting P. ganga, the FW three spots are equidistant apart.
https://twmoth.tbri.gov.tw/peo/MothI...1-20140522-058

14. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263361302

Female 4Line Blue possibly Nacaduba pendleburyi.

Species that can be eliminated by certain features.
1 prominent dark straie ...N. russeli, pavana.
2. Thick striae & metallic scales on the black spots ... N. pactolus, angusta.
3. FW postdiscal band strongly dislocated.. N. sanaya

This leaves 3 possibilities.

1. N. hermus usually have metallic scales on the black spot, also HW submarginal & postdiscal spots more rounded & close.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201952
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201936
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201939

2. N. subperusia . HW submarginal & postdiscal spots rounded & close.
Male & female.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/npict14a/81210010_n002.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...subperusia.jpg


3. N. pendleburyi. Unh submarginal & postdiscal spots well separated.(variable)
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201395
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201391
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200289
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/81191001.html

Penang have a distinct ssp penangensis (heavier UpF border) which may not be rare locally.

15. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263361306

Pyroneura flavia.
FW spot 6 & 7 directed down to dorsum (lower margin).
UnH vein 8 scaled orange on both sides.
FW opalescent streak in space 5 absent or obscure.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847175329

16. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263613634

Male Neptis harita.
FW with the postdiscal spot 2, large triangular or lunulate.
HW submarginal spots form a chain-link band .
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847204803
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...edict_01_c.jpg

17.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263613660
Arhopala pseudomuta.

Note FW postdiscal spot 4 is strongly dislocated & shifted out from spot 5 above it.
HW postdiscal band completely dislocated at vein 2, ie above the 'V' spot.
Two species have this feature, pseudomuta & alitaeus.
In addition the spots above 4, ie spots 5, 6, & 9 are often crooked, not in line.
A. pseudomuta have moderately contrasted markings.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202771
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202733

18. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263965217
There is no dislocation of spot 4 on the FW but on the HW yhe band is dilocated at vein 2.
This make it a member of the alea subgroup, (cleander group).

19.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263988394

Arhopala elopura.

FW spot 4 is partly dislocated & shifted out.
HW postdiscal band is strongly dislocated at vein 2.
The markings are poorly contrasted.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200745
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847200750

Others in the group.
A aida.slatey wash.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847203075
A. ariana pink wash
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202445

20.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264009744
Jamides celeno.
There is nothing to suggest other species.

21. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051153

Arhopala amphimuta.

The 2nd pix shows a full blue upperside.
The tornal white dot is too weak & obscure to indicate it coulde be A. moolaiana.



22. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051170
Possibly another P. pugnans.
Correction: Psolos fuligo.

23. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263967863
The pic is too blurry but6 there appear to be a single orange submarginal band.
It should be Pantoporia sandaka female.
Male.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847206710
Female.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847206705



24. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/263988398
Female Euthalia monina.

The female E. monina is readily IDed by the sub-basal spots in FW space 1b.
IT have two small one, the lower one may be obsolete.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847206923

All Tanaecia species have a single large sub-basal spot in space 1b.
eg
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/nplim2/720960001_n002.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

Thanks Dr. Seow for all these detailed identification. Learning a lot from them and appreciate very much your help. Cheers, SL Liew

Correction
22. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/264051170

Psolos fuligo.
This unusual species have the apical portion of the FWs curved out so that at rest the tips are well apart and never touch.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/214390631
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...408_281222.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/864945...tolist-2nLoGkv
https://pamsbutterflies.com/butterfl.../psolos-fuligo


TL Seow: Cheers.
PS.
In P. Malaysia the underside markings may be near obsolete, making it very similar to A. nigrita.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4405343235
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2456362351

Noted - chenge of id of #22. Thanks again. SL Liew