-
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...4&d=1751435660
Nacaduba hermus male.
The four line blues can be rather difficult to ID.
N. pactolus can be IDed by the combinations.
HW tornal black spot always with metallic scales.
white striae often broad or diffuse,dark striae absent.
HW submarginal spots 'flat' with level inner margins, topped by a large squarish spot 6.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...-%20horace.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...0-%20Sunny.jpg
Species with the dark strae obsolete or nearly so.
N. sanaya, subperusia, & pendleburyi.
Species with strongly developed dark striae, tornal spot always with metallic scales.
N. pavana, russelli.
Species with heavy white striae and metallic scales on the tornal black spot.
B. pactolus, angusta.
Nacaduba hermus is uniquely halfway between those with strong and those with no dark striae.
Dark straie are patchy , partial or disintegrating.
The metallic scales on the tornal black spot may be weak or strong.
FW postdiscal band usually not dislocated at vein 6.
HW postdiscal band close to the submarginal spots which may be rounded.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/81200020.html
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201952
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4500772618
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201921
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4436196086
TL Seow: Cheers.
-
-
1 Attachment(s)
Hi Dr Seow,
Is this Pelopidas mathias?
Attachment 28838
Thanks.
-
Post 83.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...8&d=1751685464
From its unevenly shaded ground colour this should be a male Pelopidas mathias.
Fieldshots of the two can be quite similar.
Females have similar spots.
Pelopidas mathias.
Male FW spots 2 & 3 quadrate, broad.
A line thru the two cellspots always cut the male brand.
In female, a line thru the cellspots moves toward or touch the spot in space 1b (variable).
Underside grey-tined, generally with a dirty look.
Males India .
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...d8457890-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...d8457890-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...a6d3a539-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...a6d3a539-2.jpg
Singapore.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...perside_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...enedict_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...perside_02.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...S_adult_01.jpg
Pelopidas agna.
Male with FW spots 2 and 3 narrow.
A line thru the cellspots usually miss the brand.
In the female ,the line moves away from the spot in space 1b (variable).
Underside not grey-tinged, with a clean clear look.
Males India.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...36ba6310-3.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...36ba6310-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...837_273650.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...837_273649.jpg
Singapore.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...A_male_05c.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...A_male_05a.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...A_male_06b.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...SwiftF-KSK.jpg
Although these two are fairly common in Singapore , few observations have the desired upperside and unerside views together.
Such views are important to establish the variations in the appearances of the two species.
After a long search only two were found.
These observations show the two sides nicely.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/290635880
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/295330377
TL Seow: Cheers.
-
-
1 Attachment(s)
Hi Dr Seow,
Is this Lasippa heliodore dorelia?
Thanks,
-
-
-
2 Attachment(s)
Dear Dr Seow,
Your id for the nacaduba and skipper is greatly appreciated.
Attachment 28899
Attachment 28900
Thank you.
-
1 Attachment(s)
Post 89
1.https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...9&d=1754574632
Female Nacaduba sanaya.(Likely)
In the past there was a lot of confusion on whether N. subperusia is still present in Singapore.
The confusion stem from the key which state in N. sanaya the HW postdiscal band and the submarginal spots are wide apart.
Whereas in N. subperusia they are close together.
This female have the said bands/spots close together and should be considered as N. subperusia.
A better guide would be as follow.
Attachment 28903
N. sanaya.
1 FW postdiscal band almost always dislocated at vein 6.
2. HW submarginal spots gradually decrease in size from spot 6 downwards.
3. HW postdiscal band and the submarginal spots usually well separated but variable and can be close together.
Males
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...0/DSC_4923.JPG
https://www.besgroup.org/wp-content/...i-LenaChow.jpg
Females.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...drick%20ho.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...a-sanaya-1.jpg
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201334
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201350
N. subperusia.
1 FW subapical band usually not dislocated but may be slightly so at vein 6.
2 HW postdisca and submarginal spots always close together.
3. HW submarginal spot 6 large decreasing abruptly to spot 5 & downwards.
Males.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847201282
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...bperusia-1.jpg
Females.
https://geenature.com/taxa/animalia/...uba-subperusia
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...subperusia.jpg
Added.
A male is needed to prove N. subperusia is extant.
2.https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...0&d=1754574663
It is Pelpidas but beyond that it is hard to tell whether it is P. mathias or agna.
TL Seow: Cheers.
-
Dear Dr Seow,
Thank you for the detailed illustrations.
-
1 Attachment(s)
Dear Dr Seow,
Is this Arhopala pseudomuta pseudomuta?
Attachment 28906
Thanks.
-
1 Attachment(s)
Post 92
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...6&d=1754791491
Yes. It is Arhopala pseudomuta pseudomuta.
Only two member of the alitaeus group occur in Singapore.
The two have rather rounded spots.
The alitaeus group.
1 FW postdiscal spot 4 dislocated and shifted out from the other.
2.HW with spot 7 directly atop spot 6.
3. HW postdiscal band fully dislocated at vein 2.
Attachment 28907
Arhopala alitaeus have heavy contrasted markings.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...+-+HoraceT.jpg
The other members eg A. elopura, ariana, aida etc have spots with straighter margins and look quite different. None are recorded from singapore.
TL Seow: Cheers.
-
-
1 Attachment(s)
Dear Dr Seow,
Not very sure what Arhopala species is this?
Attachment 28911
-
1 Attachment(s)
Post 95
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...1&d=1754968201
This is another Arhopala pseudomuta.
The confusing thing is HW spot 7 seem to be shifted inwards abit more and spot 6 is triangular with rounded corners.
There are examples of A. pseudomuta like this eg.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847202728
A more t6ypical A. pseudomuta.
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2847203450
The general appearance made it appear like A. lurida.
The position of HW spot 7 in A. lurida is also variable, sometimes well shifted inwards and sometimes not.
Typical.
https://www.gbif.org/es/occurrence/2847200394
Looking very much like A. pseudomuta.
https://www.gbif.org/es/occurrence/2847200393
However the two can be separated in that...
In A. pseudomuta FW spot 4 is strongly dislocated from both spot 5 above it and spot 3 below it.
In A. lurida FW spot 4 is only partially dislocated from spot 5,but well so from spot 3.
Attachment 28912
Arhopala pseudomuta.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...e-wee-Kiat.jpg
A. lurida Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ala-lurida.jpg
A. atosia is a close relative of A. lurida and its HW spot 7 may also be only weakly shifted inwards.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec..._atosia_01.jpg
Possibly A. lurida is still extant in Singapore as it can be easily confused with A. pseudomuta.
TL Seow :Cheers.
-
-
2 Attachment(s)
Dear Dr Seow,
Appreciate your id.
1.Attachment 28920
2.Attachment 28921
Thanks.
-
1 Attachment(s)
Post 98.https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...0&d=1755840900
2 https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...1&d=1755844818
Both are Ionolyce helicon.
At a certain oblique view the FW becomes shorter and have been confused with Nacaduba in the past.
Attachment 28923
Both species lack a costal spots above the midcell band.
Nacaduba beroe.
FW potdiscal band usually with a mid dislocation.
HW submarginal spot in space 3 lunulate.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...lt_male_01.jpg
Ionolyce helicon.
FW also lack a spot above the midcell band.
FW postdiscal band serially dislocated.
HW submarginal spot 3 chevron or V-shaped.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...hee%20Meng.jpg
TL Seow:Cheers.
-
-
1 Attachment(s)
Dear Dr Seow,
Is this Caltoris cormasa?
Attachment 28935
Thanks,
-
Post 101
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...5&d=1757911580
Baoris ,most likely Baoris oceia.
The uniform grey brown colur is typical.
The FW spottiing is much reduced, and both cellspots are missing.
The ID of Baoris is very difficult.
The two species in Singapore tend to have reduced spotting in the male more so in B. oceia.
It is assumed that the darker blackish one is B. oceia and the lighter brown one B. farri.
In the past I thought the one with a narrow crescentic upper cellspot to be male B. oceia, because all male B. farri in eg China,India appear to have rounded cellspots.
eg.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/itchydogimages/7863317448
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...h_Swift_12.jpg
This is no longer true, and the presence of an upper cellspot is more suggestive of B. farri.
Thus, probable ID criteria.
Baoris farri.
Lighter brown.
Male more spotted, especially an upper cellspot.
Males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...hSwift-KSK.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jE5CT4nr9...i_adult_03.jpg
Female.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...er_Hern_01.jpg
Baoris oceia.
Darker blackish brown.
Male with upper cellspot usually absent.
Males.
https://www.besgroup.org/wp-content/...d-dropping.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...-Simon-Sng.jpg
Female.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...oris+oceia.jpg
Note: These assumptions may not be correct.
Caltoris cormasa is usually recognizable by a strong reddish tone to the ground colour, provided the camera colour balance is correct.
More often with three small subapical spots.
HW is deeper red brown and darker.
Antenna should have a visible pale area.
HW veins are not prominently raised.
Males.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...herHern_01.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c7t4k7FNW...%2Bcormasa.jpg
https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2422986427
Females.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...obby%20Mun.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...0/DSC_0349.JPG
TL Seow: Cheers.
-
Hi Dr Seow,
Very detailed explanation.
Thanks,
-
1 Attachment(s)
Hi Dr Seow,
Is this Lebadea martha malayana?
Attachment 28936
Thanks,
-
-
Thank you Dr Seow for the id verification.
-
2 Attachment(s)
Hi Dr Seow,
Is this Mycalesis perseoides perseoides?
Attachment 28941
Is this Mycalesis orseis nautilus (The purple bush brown)?
Attachment 28942
Thanks,
-
1 Attachment(s)
Post 107.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...1&d=1759391408
https://www.butterflycircle.com/atta...2&d=1759393197
They are both Mycalesis perseoides..
Two species in Singapore have the peripheral white striae enhanced.
Attachment 28943
M. perseoides have the indentation formed by the inner margins of the eyespots ragged and irregular.
The dark discal line is strongly & irregularly toothed.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...20-%20Khew.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...20-%20Khew.jpg
M. visala have the indentaion formed by the inner margins of the HW ocelli less irregular.
The dark discal line is more regular and less toothed.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...ederick_01.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...B_adult_01.jpg
Intermediates between the two species occur.
M. orseis always have a full series of bright yellow-ringed ocelli.
The white discal band is broad and close to the ocelli.
The peripheral zones are mainly light brownish.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...sunny-chir.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...0/DSC_0377.JPG
TL Seow: Cheers.
-
