ID Requests - Peninsular Malaysia - Nov 23, 2024

Hi Dr. Seow,
Need your help again on id of these observations. Thanks.

Location: Batu Berangkai Waterfalls, Kampar, Perak - Nov 22, 2024
#1 Neptis?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665607

#2 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665613

#3 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665609

#4 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665591

#5 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665590

#6 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665559

====================================
Location: Air Hitam Dalam Educational Forest - Penang Mainland
#7 Curetis? Nov 20, 2024
A riverine mangrove area
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252371547

========================================
Loation: The Habitat of Penang Hill
#8 Grass Skipper? Nov 18, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252138435

#9 Grass Skipper? Oct 14, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248447385

#10 Grass Skipper? Oct 14, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248447384

#11 Grass Skipper? Oct 14, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248261570

====================================
Location: Batu Pecah, Terong, Perak - Nov 9, 2024
#12 Curetis?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251034361

#13 Curetis?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251034342

#14 Curetis?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251034340

#15 Eurema?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251034360

#16 Isma?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251010058

#17 Isma?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251010052

==============================
Location: Penang Botanic Gardens
#18 Eurema? Oct 31, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/249880717

#19 Grass Skipper? - Oct 19, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248154317

#20 Grass Skipper? - Oct 19, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248154315

===========================================
Location: Perlis State Park - Oct 22, 2024
#21 Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248701317

#22 Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248701316

=======================================

Location: Sungai Bakap, Penang Mainland - Oct 8, 2024
#23 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/246316620

===============================
Location: Sungai Sedim, Kedah - Sep 20, 2024
#24 Neptis?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/243065121

#25 Arhopala?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/243065114

==============================
Location: Junjong Waterfalls, Kedah
#26 Grass Skipper?
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/241095332

No hurry. Thanks. Cheers from Penang, SL Liew

1. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665607

Neptis duryodana.
Postdiscal spots 2 & 3 of similar width.
Fw lower margin with two spots, upper smaller.
Strong white striae between submarginal & postdiscal spots.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/N...uryodana-nesia


2. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665613

Astictopterus jama.
Characteristic triangular profile pointed at the head end.
Subapical spots may be present.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/A...ama-olivascens

3. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665609
Likely Caltoris cormasa.
Antenna with pale area.
Dark reddish tone 7 FW spots weak.
Pix 2, 3, & 4 are A. jama.


4. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665591
Idmon obliquans.
Only this species have an orange band parallel to the Fw margin.


5.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665590
Oriens gola.


6. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252665559
Kerana( Ancistroides) gemmifer. Note FW pale spot next to the orange band.
UpF orange band with a gentle indent upper 1/3 of outer border.
Band is narrowed at the costal margin.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/A...mifer-gemmifer
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91580001.html

Similar.

Kerana armatus.
Very large . UpF band with a sharp indent in upper 1/3.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91570001.html

Koruthaialos sindu.
UpF FW orange band with a mid-margin indent on outer border.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91530001.html


Koruthaialos rubecula.
UpF orange band with a deep incut of inner border at costal margin.
Palpi 3rd segment if visisble long pointed.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91510001.html


Koruthaialos frena.
Larger than K. sindu.
UpF band very broad reaching outer margin at tornus, well exceeding width of black apical area.
inner border also with a deep in cut at the costal margin.

7.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252371547
Probably female Curetis tagalica.
The pix are tp blurry, but the underside markings appear to be parallel to the margin and the legs are banded black.

Curetis tagalica.
Underside not speckled with black dots.FW band parallel to margin.
Legs banded black.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84110010.html
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Curetis-tagalica-jopa


8.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252138435
Male Potanthus ganda.

P. ganda
Abdominal end ye4llow ; shaded darker in female.
Often orangey in male.
veins not darkened above or below HW.
underside dark-shaded, more heavily than P. omaha.
Males.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/24656041
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/23604929
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6819346
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/227724711
Females.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/177607043
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/123350481
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/177171815



9. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248447385
Female Potanthus omaha.
Abdominal end yellow, dark-shaded above in the female.
Veins distinctly dark-dusted on both sides of the HW.
FW veins also darker t5han ganda.
UnH ground very lightly dark-shaded.
Males.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/250639705
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/186670801
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/234076632
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/186259674
Females.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/252361636
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/190287794


10.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248447384
Female with narrow markings.
Uncertain. Probably just a form of P. omaha.


11. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248261570
Female likely P. omaha.
The veins on the HW band are just lightly dark, but more so on the underside pic 6.
UnH ground dark-shaded, no dark spot.


A third species with a yellw abdominal end may be confused hre.

Potanthus confucius.
Distinctly more yellow.
Abdominal end yellow.
Veins across band not dark-dusted, including on the FW
This cause the FW band to appear continuous & unbroken in the male.
Underside band edged with dark spots instead of just shading.
Male & Female ,Taiwan.
https://openmuseum.tw/muse/digi_obje...e448ce4675ce55
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...k_20131208.jpg
Male Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterfl...hus-confucius/
Male P. malaysia
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/162256578

12.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251034361
There is a suggestion that several individuals are present ie upperside images 2, 10, 7 12 do not seem matching, there appear to be one species only.

Underside images 1, 4, 7, 9, & 11 have the following features.
FW band/line is oblique. This indicate there should be fine black dots, which are not visible.
All shows a consistent features.
Hw postdiscal spots 6 & 7 are in line, while submarginal spots 6 & 7 are out of line/dislocated.
These features are that of Curetis santana.
Curetis santana.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84050010.html
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...20-%20Mark.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co..._female_01.jpg



13.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251034342
14.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251034340

13 & 14 are probably variants of one species.
The legs are banded orange.
The ground is marked with black dots.
In 13 the fW band is parallel to the outer margin.
In 14, the FW band is bent so that it is more or less parallel to margin, ie no longer oblique.
HW postdiscal spot 6 is tucked under & inwards of spot 7.

They both match the criteria for Curetis sperthis.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84070001.html
Perhaps 14 has a hybrid element to it.

15. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251034360
Eurema andersonii
There is only one cellspot & the inclination of the FW black border in space 2, 3 is as for andersoni.
Just that the markings are heavy.


16.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251010058
Too dificult & vague. Most likely Isma iapis.



17.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/251010052
Most likely Isma iapis.

The FW cellspots, upper small & lower elongate is seen in many Isma ssp (variable feature).
FW spot 2 is quadrate; there is no spot in space 1b, & the HW does not seem to have hyaline spots.
There appearance is that of Isma iapis or protoclea.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91880001.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91890020.html

In this shot the underside can just be made out as greenish ochreous with obscure spots.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama.../original.jpeg
This w2ould be as in Isma iapis
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/isma-iapis/
In I. protoclea UnH is purple brown & rather dark.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/I...toclea-obscura

This shot in which the FW have two large cellspots is of another species.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...354/large.jpeg
Could be these.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91960001.html
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91970010.html

18. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/249880717
Probably Eurema brigitta (drona).Uncertain.

This is just too vague. The HW hides the FW cellspots.
Hw spot 7 is almost touching the FW cellend spots/marks.

This cannot happen in E. nicevillei as thet are far apart.
https://wingscales.com/Pieridae/Eure...lei-nicevillei

E. sari & simulatrix have prominent brown patches on FW apex.
E. andersoni have a tailed Hw spot 7

E. hecabe have angular HW & E. blanda have a curved hW spot 7.
E. hecabe.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...4962/large.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...a-hecabe-3.jpg
E. blanda.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...an-Ben-JIn.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...431_261668.jpg

This leaves E. brigitta (=drona)
Often with reduced vague markings ;FW cellend makr twin spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/pie/21200020.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/si...397b5571-1.jpg


19.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248154317
Pemara (Oerane) pugnans.

Note downturned antennae; FW subapical spots 7 & 8 smudged black.
yellow spots.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...20-%20Khew.jpg


20.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248154315
Female Potanthus serina.
Note black abdominal end
FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4.
HW band with a smaller inner spot 6.
Male & female.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...hus-serina.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...ale_Horace.jpg
Compare.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama.../original.jpeg

21.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248701317
22.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/248701316

Both look the same.
22 is Isma iapis & 21 should be too.

The underside of Isma iapis is a pale greyish ochreous.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91880001.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Isma-iapis-iapis
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91890010.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/I...toclea-obscura


23.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/246316620
Cephrenes trichopepla.
The nipple-like spot on top of 6the HW orange band is diagnostic.


24.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/243065121
Neptis leucoporos.
On FW lower margin larger spot is at the top. the lower small spot may be obscure.
A white band across the abdomen if visible is diagnostic.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...erick_01_c.jpg

In N. duryodana the smaller spot is at the top at the FW lower margin.
No white band across the abdomen.
https://d29tlldvxtis6c.cloudfront.ne...sailor1640.jpg



25.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/243065114
note hW completely smooth margin.
Amphimuta group.
Small member of a different subgroup eg A. zylda , A. muta,etc.



26.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/241095332
Oriens paragola.




TL Seow: Cheers.

Hi Dr. Seow, Thank you so much for your detailed and very thorough identifications. Appreciate them very much. Cheers from Penang, SL Liew