ID Request - October 11, 2024

Hi Dr. Seow,
Can please help me to id these? Thanks.

#1 Notocrypta pria? - Sungai Ara, Penang Island - Oct 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/246768396

#2 Pyroneura? Penang Botanic Gardens - Sep 14, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/241602328

#3 Skipper? Penang Botanic Gardens - Sep 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/240964890

#4 Notocrypta? - Sungai Ara, Penang Island - Oct 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/246768394

Cheers from Penang Island,
SL Liew

#1 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/246768396.
From molecular analysis, Notocrypta is also placed as a subgenus of Ancistroides.

Notocrypta pria.

Notocrpyta pria. FW 14-16mm.
FW margin more rounded. No spot 4, band narrow.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...pta-pria-1.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BMW9lvjle...0/DSC_0353.JPG
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...0/DSC_4962.JPG


Notocrypta paralysos varians. Fw 17-20mm.
FW spot 4 almost always present. inner margin right-angled. band often broad.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...t_Kadavoor.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...1782/large.jpg

Notocrypta clavata.FW 20-22mm.
Sharper FW, straighter band. very rarely with spot 4; UpF band reaches costa broadly white.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...a-1080x718.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photo...161/large.jpeg

#2. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/241602328
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...541/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...820/large.jpeg

Pyroneura flavia fruhstoferi.


As Yukata indicated three species are often confused and mixed up in the past.
P. natuna was formerly placed as a ssp. of P. helena.

Pyroneura flavia fruhstorferi.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92020010.html
The FW black ground colour reaches deeply to the base of the FW.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92020010.html

Eliot C&P4 plate 56 fig 21, 22 P. natuna; fig 23, 24 P. flavia.
Plate 63 Fig 9 P. helena male.

Eliot have also corrected Fleming Butteflies of West Malaysia plate 85, images 146 as male & female P. helena.

In the males of P. helena & natuna the fW base is fully orange , more broadly in the helena male.
Yutaka's images seem to be in error.
The P. natuna images look to be P. flavia.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92010001.html
The P. helena images look to be P. natuna.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92000001.html

#3.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/240964890
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...277/large.jpeg

Pemara pugnans.
FW spots yellow & shows spot 4 & 5 to be equally wide.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92180001.html

Recent molecular study indicate Pemara should be a synonym of Oerane.

#4.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/246768394

Notocrypta cirvifascia.

The two species are very similar. Antennae with a white band.
In N, feisthamelii has UnF white band reaching the costa ;in N curvifascia this falls short.
The band in N. curvifascia broader in the lower half & a deeper notch on the inner margin.
You dont have a proper shot.

https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91630010.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/N...hamelii-alysos

https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91620010.html
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/N...ia-curvifascia


TL Seow; Cheers.

Thanks so much Dr. Seow. Your feedback is always illuminative. Appreciate them very much. Cheers from Penang, SL Liew