ID help please

Dear Dr Seow,

Please confirm which Nacaduba is this?

Attachment 27018


Also, need your ID help for this skipper, please!
Attachment 27020
Attachment 27019



Thanks,

Regards
Cheng Ai

1. Female Nacaduba kurava.
FW postdiscal band typically straight & entire.
The submarginal spots are often large with rounded margins.
Female UpF blue have a white apical area.
Examples from different countries.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...Saji_ae302.jpg
Malaya.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Cm9PS58V6Y...0/DSC_0206.JPG

Possible confusion with female N. calauria . The submarginal spots especially spots 4 & 5 are pointy.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...yica---2--.jpg


2. Pemara pugnans.
FW yellow spots clustered together.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92180001.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

PS Added for comparison.
Female N. berenice.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...Sunny-Chir.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/5251/5...79f98942_b.jpg
Female N. beroe.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...5_1-copy-4.jpg
Female .N. kurava
https://wanderingbutterflyeffect.fil...b787da0005.jpg
Female N. calauria.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/i...gaGjg&usqp=CAU

Thanks, Dr Seow.