Is this Nacaduba beroe?
Attachment 23706
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Is this Nacaduba beroe?
Attachment 23706
This one of the tricky one.
Upper right -male ;lower left -female.
As you can see the dark lines within the bands are strongly developed ruling out N. beroe
The male N. beroe has the dark lines disintergrating or obsolete.
https://wanderingbutterflyeffect.fil...f39fce860b.jpg
They can only be N. calauria or berenice.
My guess is they are N. calauria.
This is because the submarginal spots are sharply pointed.
Unfortunately the range of variation of N. calauria is largely unknown.
The typical form has a straight FW postdiscal band ,& sharply pointed spots 4 & 5 on the FW ; likewise on the HW.
Typical male N. calauria .Note darkish violet upperside.
Males
https://wanderingbutterflyeffect.fil...b3ad98860e.jpg
http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5788/...c204e4f1_b.jpg
Female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...yica---2--.jpg
However, the FW postdiscal band may be partially broken as in these examples.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...caMUpUnAC1.jpg
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bestan...iaMUpUnAC1.jpg
They are also examples of N. berenice with a straight band.
Thus a straight band alone is not diagnostic of N. calauria.
Conversely a slightly dislocated or angulated FW band does not rule out N. calauria.
Horace have bred a large numbers of N. berenice, male & female & none has the submarginal spots so sharp.
Two examples of the female forms of N. berenice.
http://smg.photobucket.com/user/fede...eBlue.jpg.html
http://s22.photobucket.com/user/digi...uduba.jpg.html
Male N. berenice.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...hee%20Beng.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Zu44RwI3RD...a+berenice.jpg
Tl Seow : Cheers.
The general appearances look closer to N. berenice, but it is hard to be certain.
Male N. berenice which shows a bit of the upperside.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pzK2I4_Ew6...nice-icena.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_UgE_Hi1aC...nice+icena.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JiwYoYOjqZ...nice+icena.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-m0mSgms7_-...a+berenice.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2z1tHnAAtb...8male%2529.jpg
I think it is correct as N. calauria after all.
The female is a match for this Sri Lanka N. calauria although a male.
The male calauria tend to have more rounded FW but there is a perspective distortion in the post 1 pic. as it is facing away from the camera.
http://www.slbutterflies.lk/Image.ph...157&pid=447%27
Thank you,Dr Seow.
Is this Nacaduba kurava?
Attachment 23712
Post 6.
This female is the same as that in Post 1. I'll leave it tentatively as N. calauria.
A similar female from NSS.
http://www.nss.org.sg/butterflies_li...php?img_id=553
The females are rather confusing at the moment & seems to merge into one another in appearance.
The submarginal spots are more pointed than in berenice.
Note all 4 species have forms in which the submarginal spots may be narrow or broad.
A male kurava with narrow submarginals.
https://c2.staticflickr.com/2/1202/1...090421b1cc.jpg
The submarginals are more broadly conjoined & band like in the female kurava.
Images below from P. Ubin by I think 'Gekko'.
Attachment 23713
Attachment 23714
Also from Singapore.
http://s13.photobucket.com/user/Sunn...5e245.png.html
The female N. berenice is very variable.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...Sunny-Chir.jpg
https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5251/5...dc79f98942.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xFQx2YUBf8...nice+icena.jpg
A typical female N. calauria with broad submarginal spots.
Note spots 4 & 5 are sharply 'pinched' & the overall appearance looks different.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...yica---2--.jpg
The female beroe with upperside confirmation but the lower FW spots are hidden.
http://s35.photobucket.com/user/Schi...opy-4.jpg.html
TL Seow :Cheers.
It is a female from the glimpses I get of its upper wings. She rested on my hand for several minutes.
I thought the FW and HW sub marginal spots 4 and 5 not pointed - so not N. calauria
The HW submarginal spot 6 is rather large and quadrate - so N. kurava.