Caltoris cahira ,largely overlooked in Singapore ?

[Psyche]

Three species have a rather similar appearance.
They can be confusingly similar in fieldshots where proper lighting & colour balance is important.

They have a noticeable pale area on the antenna in profile view.

Caltoris cormasa.
Strong reddish tone to the ground colour.
FW cellspot typically one(lower) , thus called the Full Stop Swift.
However in Singapre an small upper cellspot is very common.
FW subapical spots often three and small.
FW spots tend to be yellowish.
HW never with hyaline spots.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93340001.html
Male & female.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c7t4k7FNWto/VAmxnaf6kHI/AAAAAAAAP84/mzvRAqFZVxo/s1600/HFH_3719-Caltoris%2Bcormasa.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvklT88Gyol2oH9-YKv9zk2WPw9tQBWU7Dqm0AjGgQm92kQGGyHABm4fu21SAKMs6I ObmZXfw8O5WcanXtj9WhYoJT6uKGjTVSRpR1pP-W5KHpC_MAHApkIRGrQoRZ1uQpD45UjfcK3-jG/s1600/CC_adult_CherHern_01.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Caltoris%20cormasa/283%20Caltoris%20cormasa%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/261975629
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/54912412


Caltoris bromus.
FW with two cellspots, the upper one often smaller, sometimes called Colon Swift or Extra-spot Swift.
Pale area on antenna more prominent.
FW subapical spots usually two and large, whitish.
HW often with 1-2 hyaline spots in space 2 & 3 in the female, less often in the male.
Ground colour browner, less reddish, variable.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93320001.html
Males.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38212403
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/184641820
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200272574
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149217007
Females.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/38174859
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/190554310
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/13664032
Note UnH spot in space 2.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/237823971


Caltoris cahira.
Pale area on antenna rather prominent in profile view.
FW subapical spots two and large, as in bromus.
FW cellspots two, thus also called Colon Swift.
UnH dark chocolate, variable without reddish tone.
UnH always without any whitish spot.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93300010.html
The same ssp austeni is common in Taiwan.
Male & female, Taiwan.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw7YOhmcI6RDXaJWSIRyi8kLJQ1zikrzjU_Du9J-xgpTyzisE1OO82070NUc39HGswfhPsY75-9OOyIcvSigTjVDreNKQQeVjxLzfa6IpwUFOMjYq4R7sjsNkae9 a4LAA3OyI_cLEuZDn_/s1600/DarkSwift%25E6%2594%25BE%25E8%25B8%25B5%25E7%258F% 2582%25E5%25BC%2584%25E8%259D%25B620180711%25E6%25 AD%258C%25E9%2580%25A3%25E8%2587%25A3%25E8%25A7%25 92%25E8%25B7%25AFDSC_2366share.jpg
https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8170/7969810082_4448f3ce8b_z.jpg
Thailand.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Caltoris-cahira-austeni
This female was shot by Federick long ago.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7l1dr3n_gKc/UNkf7-O6cQI/AAAAAAAAIJg/leZVbtGOi8k/s1600/DFP+2252+Caltoris+bromus.jpg
Recent observations.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/333679019
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/183638559
Probable( very likely ) female C. cahira rather than C. bromus.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/237201646

TL Seow: Cheers.