ID request from Penang/Perak - March 13, 2024

[SL Liew]

Hi Dr. Seow, Need your help to id these observation. Thank you.

Happy World Butterfly Day - National Learn About Butterflies Day - March 14, 2024.


#1 Nacaduba?
Bukit Juru, Penang Mainland - Mar 13, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260894

#2 Nacaduba?
Bukit Juru, Penang Mainland - Mar 13, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260902

#3 Arhopala?
Bukit Juru, Penang Mainland - Mar 13, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260899

#4 Euploea crameri bremeri?
Bukit Juru, Penang Mainland - Mar 13, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260907

#5 Abisara?
Bukit Juru, Penang Mainland - Mar 13, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260909

#6 Abisara?
Bukit Juru, Penang Mainland - Mar 13, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260905

#7 Koruthaialos?
Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill), Taiping, Perak - Mar 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202140607

#8 Iambrix salsala salsala? or ?
Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill), Taiping, Perak - Mar 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202140606

#9 Ypthima?
Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill), Taiping, Perak - Mar 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202140601

#10 Miletus?
Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill), Taiping, Perak - Mar 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202131965

#11 Yasoda pita dohertyi? or Yasoda pitane laruta?
Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill), Taiping, Perak - Mar 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202131561

Not sure if the subspecies name of "laruta" is associated with Larut district where Bukit Larut is located. That got me wondering if the dominant species in Bukit Larut is Y.pitane laruta????

I did not get an upperside photo but saw this upperside taken by Gan CW took in Bukit Larut in 2017 that is id as Y.pita. I looked at CP5 photo plate, my untrained eyes cannot decide if it is Y.pita or Y.pitane, hahaha.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7245135

#12 Potanthus?
Bukit Larut (Maxwell Hill), Taiping, Perak - Mar 11, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202032237

#13 Arhopala? athada?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 9, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201765206

#14 Curetis bulis, male?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 9, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201694982

#15 Curetis santana?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 9, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201696252

#16 Grass skipper?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 7, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201685237

#17 Grass skipper?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 7, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201692407

#18 Grass skipper?
Penang Botanic Gardens - Mar 7, 2024
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201692410

Cheers, SL Liew

[Psyche]

#1.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260894
#2. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260902

Male Nacaduba kurava.
FW margin straighter; submarginal spots with rounded margins; FW postdiscal band usually fairly straight.
Dark striae within the postdiscal bands weak ,may be patchy.
Male.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Nacaduba%20kurava%20nemana/TransparentSixlineBlue-KSK.JPG

Nacaduba berenice.
Fw margin more rounded; submaarginal spots of irregular shapes; postdiscal band almost always broken ,often in the middle.
Dark striae within all bands are usually strong & well-developed.
Male.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ceLml99O5Os/VKquR3N_IsI/AAAAAAAATSA/yR_FNE7zWcw/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/DSC_0187.JPG



#3. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260899
The markings are as for Arhopala pseudomuta & it is likely this species.
https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2865/9580283785_0e4eded900_c.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Arhopala%20pseudomuta%20pseudomuta/Pseudomuta%20-%203%20-%20Horace.jpg

[Psyche]

#4. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260907
Euploea crameri bremeri.
FW apex with 2 large & 2 much smaller spots.
Fwith a full series of submarginal white spots.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Euploea%20crameri%20bremeri/IMG_7317pSpotted%20Black%20Crow%20-%20Loke.jpg

The form of E. midamus in your area does not have apical white FW spots.
In India E. midamus is brilliantly blue but ssp. chloe in P. Malaysia is only darkly blue basally.
https://wingscales.com/Nymphalidae/Euploea-midamus-chloe

South of selangor, white spots start to appear on the FW apex, and the blue becomes more obscure.
The form in Singapore closely resembles E. crameri but the apical spots are more uniform, & the FW submarginal spots are incomplete.
Ssp singapura.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjOs7LwV6cZ6Gr-CQFLv3p7BcMHiyesidKNjvNQNa39DB-HTEVQVwQWVff-mWFPTUEv_5ydeAphfmu7earyaRrFOqmqLBJKdCwuQcPJxktbXm-fm2RPhwsB0b4YsvRMdHll8yYUeQk4cs/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/EMS_Anthony_Wong.JPG

[Psyche]

#5. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260909
#6. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202260905

Abisara saturata.

The three similar species may be Ided thus.
Males have the HW tail at vein 4 rounded.

Abisara kausambi.
Hw with the dark discal line fairly straight from vein 1b upwards.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/abisara-kausambi/

Abisara saturata.
HW with the two tornal black spots often sharp-pointed.
Male without white shadings on the FW.
Female with the FW white patch merging with the inner submarginal white line.
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Abisara-saturata-kausambioides
Male with the HW tornal black spots not sharp.P. Malaysia.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9qvt_OSW0vI/VK-EvJz6JAI/AAAAAAAATdw/vXXVoZ1ZOfI/s1600/DSC_0322.JPG
Female.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alvin-Francis-2/publication/271078331/figure/fig32/AS:646462295785489@1531140030774/Abisara-saturata-kausambioides-de-Niceville-1896-a-adult-female-WS-35-45-mm-b.png


Abisara geza.
HW with the tornal black spots rounded.
Male with white patch but recognised by its blunt tail.
Female with the FW white patch largely free from the inner white submarginal line.
Male.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Abisara%20geza%20niya/SJ_adult_Chng_01.jpg
Female.
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho5WzOAgXPqu6Rbe5hxfyUpSehQvH-itBl86wfuhbIlSyUQ0IwtE19H1HVrHI6ZQONFfvTKbWsvRoUYJ 1Yv-5ZhN-I-3c2yBGaMh90uwSH29Li_LnC6cE9tnTJoZGhDgvNJGpP4r41hho/s1600/SJ_Adult_CJ_01.jpg

[Psyche]

#7.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202140607

This appear to be large, with the orange band very broad.
Of the similar species 4 are similar.

Ancistroides (Kerana) armatus is very large ,FW 23-27mm, orange band with a strong notch in the upper third.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91570001.html

Korithaialos rubcula have long palpi not seen here.FW 14-18mm.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91510001.html

Koruthaialos sindu.fw 15-19MM. orange band with a outer mid-margin notch.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91530001.html

The 4th K. frena is similar to sindu but with broader orange band without an outer margin notch.
It is larger Fw 22mm. & it appear to be this species. It is a hill insect.


#8. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202140606
Iambrix salsala.
Only this species have spotting like this.
Some spot may be missing. eg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Iambrix%20salsala%20luteipalpis_1695693749_257992. jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/83_91114-746-61869ded43db1-1_1.jpg


#9.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202140601
Ypthima fasciata.
Recognised by the double parallel dark fasciae.
A third fascia covers the eyespots.
https://m.singapore.biodiversity.online/images/speciesImages/medium/66660a32-5818-1c6b-2434-0c336b6691c6.jpg


#10 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202131965
Miletus gigantes.
Only two species have females which are largely whitish.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc2/80275001.html

The other M. symethheus is more bluish grey on the HW.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc2/80270010.html

[Psyche]

#11.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202131561
Yasoda pita dohertyi.
FW margin slightly concave ;Hw submarginal area without white scales.

Yasoda pita dohertyi.
Male UpH without a black fascia; wingbase narrowly darkened.
Female Uph with a black fascia; wingbase broadly darkened.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4g/83010010.html


Yasoda pitane laruta.
Both sexes have a black fascia on UpH & the wingbases are not darkened.
Underside brown orange with white scales in submarginal zone of HW (Fleming.).
Very rare.
BTW laruta is larut latinised ,ie new Latin. All scientific names are written in Latin. New latin words are constantly coined by scientists in taxonomic nomemclature.



#12 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202032237
Male Potanthus trachala.

Medium FW 15mm.
Abdomen with a black band at the end.
HW veins not( or barely) dark-dusted & upper spot of space 4 & 5 prominently projected out.
fW spots 4 & 5 well separated & often detached from the rest.
Male.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1898/42653386130_9d2e6e499a_b.jpg
Female with straight-margined spots well separated.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/94_23510-571-5a477c01d250e-1.jpg



#13.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201765206
Male Arhopala agrata.

Arhopala agrata have the arrangement of the markings as in the cleander group & often is mistaken for a member of the smaller-sized alea subgroup.
It is distinctive in that spot 9 (topmost spot )of the FW postdiscal band is obsolete or nearly so.
HW spot 6 is typical wider than spot 7.
Old Singapore record.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_0EK80AsaR7g/TOM6OmB6rdI/AAAAAAAADpM/6P8VWyrTkQk/s1600/DSC7123-Arhopala.jpg
P. Malaysia.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20029461#data_quality_assessment
Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/arhopala-agrata/

[Psyche]

Curetis santana & bulis.

These two can be quite difficult in fieldshots.
28512


Curetis santana.
UpH space 7 at least half orange (very difficult as it is always hidden in fleldshot.
HW less heavily black in the basal & tornal area.
UnH postdiscal spot 6 & 7 in line.
Submarginal spot 6 & 7 out of line ,dislocated.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84050010.html
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gancw1/3106579903
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtgZmT0gsKaxetoQcgNTSUkZEsUJXVxUUtWs3Qafvd_W jLbkIN1jEsdGi3OD2JvC5lpRn_V4aZ_ebtXoOkIaowrtjio821 vb5FCGJcQtYtmgQRdXWtPEZ2eJs3qOTdZcBknfmx6qnhRZg/s1600/MS_adult_Loke_01.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/curetis-santana/



Curetis bulis.
Male UpH with space 7 at least half black.
HW basally & tornal area heavily black.
UnH postdiscal spot 6 tuck under spot 7 which is often crecentic.
Submarginal spots 6 & 7aligned end to end.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84030010.html
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Curetis-bulis-stigmata
https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7183/7093489197_179a52def1_c.jpg



#14.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201694982
There are definitely more than one individual eg pic 5 & 7 show different image, one with torn wings.


Pic 6, 7, & 8 looks to be C. santana.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/356083592/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/356083599/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/356083608/large.jpeg

The rest looks right for C. bulis.



#15 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201696252
These appear correct for C. santana.

[Psyche]

#16.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201685237
#17.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201692407

likely males Baoris penicillata chapmani.
It is hard to discern any features but spots are not visible.

B. penicillata have much reduced spots, & a profile view appear spotless.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93230020.html
Most authors consider taxon unicolor to be a subspecies in which all the spots are lost.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93230010.html
A profile shot looks matching.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1514_60620-313-5eee5d15d78f2-2.jpg

Ge geta have very long curvy antennal ends.
Male.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5no2Xvp0FZg/VKcyiWzkd2I/AAAAAAAATDo/BJrUjPN5q2w/s1600/DSC_0177.JPG
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WjmLfea6U48/VMx8gc0aj6I/AAAAAAAATyk/w5NO5sgz03w/s1600/DSC_0108.JPG
Female.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_JRHFClWDjA/VL0XARHGZOI/AAAAAAAATs4/weOFWk1qxCM/s1600/DSC_0008.JPG
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-m7jKTvRnVc4/VGi2BiRfhZI/AAAAAAAARLg/0R7unB-FUXw/s1600/DSC_0040.JPG
https://nlliew66butterflies.blogspot.com/2015/01/ge-geta-niceville.html





#18. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201692410
Uncertain.
Likely female Isma species probably I. iapis.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91880001.html
The male has diffuse dark spots UnH.
The female is less obvious.
Mating pair, female on the right.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/23634294/medium.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sW-IAzlRvGM/UtjpWfNV57I/AAAAAAAAMms/_KEquGWVago/s1600/DSC_0061.JPG
https://nlliew66butterflies.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-plain-tufted-lancer-isma-protoclea.html


TL Seow: Cheers.

[SL Liew]

Dr Seow, Thanks so much for your id and detailed information. Appreciate them. Cheers SL Liew