Skipper ID request

[Zicky]

Dear Dr Seow,

Below are a couple of skippers that i have collated that i require more help with ID with, also welcoming any help i can receive as well! I am still inexperience in Identifying skippers, which i hope i am able to learn much more about them as i slowly learn to check out identification features.

Skipper 1 - 27684

Skipper 2 - 27685
I believe it to be a caltoris/baoris species? This was shot in mandai

Skipper 3 - 27686
I believe it to be also a caltoris/baoris species? Also shot in the same area as skipper 2, but appears to have mild differences

Skipper 4 - 27687
This flew into a housing area in mandai in the late night of about 9pm, which I believe this to be E. torus or E. thrax, but i still cant quite tell how to observe the shape of the termen in the wings itself.

Skipper 5 - 27688
This is the same specimen as skipper 4, which i hope helps if its a alternate angle should skipper 4 isnt sufficient

skipper 6 - 27689
This was observe in woodlands of Singapore nearby a area block for construction, i once again decide this is a E. thrax or E.torus as well

Skipper 7 - 27690
same specimen as skipper 6, but i decided a backup view would be sufficient

skipper 8 - 27691
this is found in the same woodlands area, but a different specimen on a different day

skipper 9 - 27692
i think this is a telicota species?

skipper 10 - 27693
i believe this is a caltoris/baoris species once again, observe at upper seletar reservoir

Regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

1. Probably Potanthus serina.

Unfortunately the FW spot 4 is hidden as well as the abdominal end.
HW band have a vague tiny spot 6.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/S3qF6D08dOI/AAAAAAAAFBk/OPuxJa3KVHQ/s400/PHS_adult_01.jpg

[Psyche]

2. Probably Caltoris bromus male.

Caltoris bromus.
Uniform dark browm
Typically spots large white, subapical often two ;Upper celspot prominent.
Prominent pale area on antenna.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/60699155/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/209995587/large.jpeg

[Psyche]

3. Baoris oceia.male.
Antennae blackish; FW swept & long.
Tiny spots, blackish appearance.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQDD3LPisJPWu0_qUBSminyCAhVd65ky 4ys9Q1-2B-g6Ffea3yQauHZfVF3-ZtyhSryPvs&usqp=CAU

[Psyche]

4. Male Erionota thrax.

5. Female Erinota thrax Note smaller white part of antennal club.

FW have a narrower shape.
HW patch margin regular, nnt notched.
Male & female.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSVh9caKs96QFDks-e50p70HERQ-FeiLI0Idw&usqp=CAU
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRDNMxcqHJ27XoZUdHc75mkZugFm31mr tI3pQ&usqp=CAU

6. 7 Female Erionota torus.
8. Male Erionota torus.
FW rather broad; margin convex.
HW patch with a couple of broad notches.

Male & Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/153_73741-114-5fa9431a11828-1_0.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Erionota%20torus/Sunny-Chir---EOS-1D-Mark-III--20_01_2012--0879-Copy5.jpg

[Psyche]

8. Male probably Telicota besta.
Some vein darkening; FW spots 4 & 5 equal.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS9ewvZmOVF-wjyK73UG4F5db7W8rSZ6STMBPlUc3ukMBle5BZGylAgopQHeHs Ai-AzP-Q&usqp=CAU



9. Caltoris philippina male.
Antennae blackish; FW sharp, lower half excavated (incurved.)
Worn but with coarse scalings of pale ochreous scales.
https://i860.photobucket.com/albums/ab169/rustysocute123/Screenshot2012-10-20atPM115328.png





TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Continuing my journey learning how to ID skipper, and i require some assistance on the following skippers, all which are taken in Singapore this year

Skipper 1 - which Caltoris species is this? Is there any comparison picture to tell apart the various caltoris species, as i find it a bit hard to get the proper terms on specific dots on the wings to see the differences
27705

Skipper 2-Another caltoris species?
27714

Skipper 3 -Another Caltoris species?
27709

skipper 4-is this a Potanthus omaha(Lesser Dart)?
27706

Skipper 5-Is this also a lesser dart as well?
27707

Skipper 6 - Another lesser Dart?
27711

Skipper 7
27712

Skipper 8-quite a tiny dart, about only a thumbnail length
27713

Skipper 9-Is this a small branded swift, Pelopidas mathias
27710

With regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 7. 1 Baoris oceia female.

Baoris oceia; antennae blackish.
Large species ;HW vrins usually raised Often a pale area at cellend.
Abdomen odscurely banded.
Male & female.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hLOHSi2j5T8/XQ8H_Ngs0RI/AAAAAAAAWbQ/NAwHUbEbRK8-JsNtvDs-TF4zw4J4EFxiwCLcBGAs/s1600/BambooPaintBrushSwift-KSK.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/207969442/large.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 7.

2. Caltoris cormasa

Caltoris more compact shape.

Three species with prominent pale area on the antenna.


1. Caltoris cormasa; FW subapical spots often three, small, yellowish. Upper cellspot absent or small.
HW darker, strong red tone.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/213609326/large.jpeg


2. Caltoris bromus ;FW spots whitish.
Subapical often large; upper cellspot prominent.
Underside uniform dark brown with ochreous overlay.
Female may have 1- 2 white on HW space 2 & 3.
Males
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/60699155/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/209995587/large.jpeg
Female ;Note single white HW spot in space 3.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/165333080/large.jpeg
Female with HW spot 2 & 3.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/142911513/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/142911504/large.jpeg


3. Caltoris cahira; Similar to C. bromus.
FW upper cellspot prominent.
HW shaed dark chocolate, of variable intensity.
Male.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/10022657/large.jpeg
Females.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/213043281/large.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7l1dr3n_gKc/UNkf7-O6cQI/AAAAAAAAIJg/leZVbtGOi8k/s1600/DFP+2252+Caltoris+bromus.jpg




Two species have largely blackish antennae.

4. Caltoris malaya. pale antennal area may be vaguely present.
FW subapical two upper one very small.
FW cellspot typically absent, but there are example with two small cellspot.
Male rusty -brown; female ochreous brown.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/156863683/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/159581313/large.jpeg
Female
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/156660812/large.jpg
Female with FW cellspot.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/213855197/large.jpg


C. philippina;
Always without cellspot.
Sharp FWs, lower margin excavate (incurved).
Coarse greenish ochreous scalings.
Male & female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/212976740/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/207939756/large.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 7.
3. Polytremis lubricans male

HW coarsely scaled FW spots distinctly yellow. upper cellspot often triangular.
Male & female.
https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/5cb77cac-13f5-4143-a7f2-17dfeebe596e/d1ngduo-bc8faf6c-5cc1-401e-afad-e02ff80aa1dc.jpg/v1/fill/w_914,h_653,q_75,strp/polytremis_lubricans_lubricans_by_log1t3ch_d1ngduo-fullview.jpg?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI 1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQzNzNh NWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZTBkMT g4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6W1t7 ImhlaWdodCI6Ijw9NjUzIiwicGF0aCI6IlwvZlwvNWNiNzdjYW MtMTNmNS00MTQzLWE3ZjItMTdkZmVlYmU1OTZlXC9kMW5nZHVv LWJjOGZhZjZjLTVjYzEtNDAxZS1hZmFkLWUwMmZmODBhYTFkYy 5qcGciLCJ3aWR0aCI6Ijw9OTE0In1dXSwiYXVkIjpbInVybjpz ZXJ2aWNlOmltYWdlLm9wZXJhdGlvbnMiXX0.1awinVI64IbGCE goFUT2j2MZoKbWxGF_U-AF5uECWxY
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0cUzxS0FpT8/T1tgyU4WJrI/AAAAAAAAFjg/TiwxZzRsxec/s1600/DSC4674%2BContiguous%2BSwift.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 7
4 & 6 male, 7- female.
Taractrocera archias.
Note rounded stubby sntennal club.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Taractrocera%20archias%20quinta/Taractrocera%20archias%20quinta%20-%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 7
5, 8, 10. Oriens gola.

Note stubby antennal club; HW cellend marked by a black streak.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g9JVWqIU_Kg/U-cbOQ1DE2I/AAAAAAAAMgU/OA1vA_XQC44/s1600/bcd3s-S180-CommonDartlet.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 7
9 Pelopidas mathias

Pelopidas ;HW with a cellspot.

P. mathias; Underside with dark greyish shading.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/51631121777_1514b98478_b.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pelopidas%20mathias%20mathias/Small%20Branded%20Swift%20-%202%20-%20Sum%20Chee%20Ming.jpg


P. agna; Underside with a clean brown look.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tQNuynda7-c/Vk6to9P81eI/AAAAAAAAkj4/aNtww6l2YUM/s1600/PA_male_06b.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/2528473/large.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you Doctor Seow!

Regards
Zick

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

I have a skipper here i cant quite ID, i initially thought it is a pelopidas species but it doesnt match, would appreciate any ID!
27733

Regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 15.
Borbo cinnara.

Antennal club thick; face white.
FW with 0 -2 cellspots ; 3 subapical spots arranged in a semicircle.
HW usually 3 spots, spot 2, 3, & 6. Extra spots in space 4 & 5 also not rare.
Underside greenish ochreous.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jMZu5Yy4Yg0/U5srGBECJPI/AAAAAAAAduM/h_NUjDNPj3M/s1600/FS_adult_Federick_01.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KaVjdL_FAME/U152N_2DObI/AAAAAAAAdUc/5BJKeJq6wCY/s1600/FS_adult_Khew_01.jpg
HW with an extra spot 4.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Close_wing_basking_of_Borbo_cinnara_%28Wallac e,_1866%29_%E2%80%93_Rice_Swift_WLB_DSC_2964.jpg

TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thanks for the prompt response Doctor Seow!

I now try to ID the following few

1-Pelopidas mathias?
27734

2-Baoris farri? i noted there are no white areas in the antenna and it was smaller than the typical caltoris species
27735

3-some Telicota species?
27736

4-I cant wrap my head around this one as it refuse to close its wing! require some help here
27737

Regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 17.

1. Pelopidas mathias female.
Typical with grey & dark shadings.


2. Probably Caltoris cormasa male.
Baoris & Caltoris are about the same size.
The appearance is too reddish.
A top view may not show the pale area properly on the antenna.
C. cormasa.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-D4HzI6Ky3w4/VKVJCdA_DdI/AAAAAAAASxw/SIIdLlovGE8/s1600/DSC_0286.JPG
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1mxC9fmsGu0/VGOQLox6uJI/AAAAAAAAfXI/MzDK3T1EV9I/s1600/CC_field_02.jpg


3. Female Telicota besta.
General dull colour & HW veins raised & darken.



4. Probably female Potanthus omaha.
HW veins appeared to be lightly darken.
Female have a larger black hole on the FW cell area.

P. omaha FW veins lightly dark; HW veins also lightly darken. Abdominal end not black-banded.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/137841419/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/215097760/large.jpeg
Females.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/216160922/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/160995083/large.jpeg


P. serina Abdominal end black banded.
FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4 , spot 8 may be small ; FW veins strongly black ;HW veins not so.
Male.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/141619539/large.jpeg
Females.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/214518108/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/177654853/large.jpeg


P. trachala Abdominal end black banded.
FW band narrow ;spot 4 & 5 detached from the others. HW upper spot strongly projected out.
Male, female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/174674473/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/212486560/large.jpg


Potanthus mingo; Abdominal end black-banded.
FW as in omaha; HW veins not darken.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/14453067/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/111011988/large.jpg
Females ;Note FW spots 2 & 3 are much wider than spots 1b, 4 & 5. Compare female trachala.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/113441023/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/153072200/large.jpeg


Potanthus ganda ;Abdominal end not black-banded.
FW as in omaha but veins less dark ;HW veins not or barely darken.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/11240257/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/139659417/large.jpeg
Females.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/138049833/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/137569799/large.jpeg


Potanthus confucius. Abdomen yellower, end not black-banded .
FW veins not darken ,band appearing continuous; HW veins not darken.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/173138629/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/152397088/large.jpeg


Potanthus juno. Abdominal end black-banded.
FW spot 8 absent or vestigial; spot 5 smaller than spot 4. HW band upper end rounded.
Similar to P. serina, but smaller, FW spot 1b narrow, & veins less dark.
Male India.
https://live.staticflickr.com/4053/4262747008_047e4a9a80_b.jpg
Male. Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-juno-1080x675.jpg
Male & female, Singapore.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eLxO6Cqrl-k/Tv3BPqqdcTI/AAAAAAAAFIw/5qD_fJxEnpw/s400/DSC3668%2BSkipper%2B%2540%2BBukit%2BBrown.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WroJpPq0U5g/WGddN4VeO8I/AAAAAAAAQQk/yLDmI309uw8nDMBP_wvQFzx7edYEtR6IACLcB/s1600/JunoDart-KohCH.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you Doctor Seow!

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

I once again have a couple of skipper to ask for ID
1 - 27739
Is this a lesser dart? Pothantus Omaha

2 - 27740
Detached dart?

3-27741
Contigious swift?

4 - 27742
I suppose this is small branded swift, pelopidus mathias?

-This skipper is very big in size, about one and a half section of a thumb
5-27743
I thought this is a conjoined swift but i am not sure

6 - 27744
Also not sure about this fella

Appreciate all the help i can get!

Regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 20.

The attached images are not visible.

[Zicky]

Let me reupload! Sorry for the inconvenience
1 - 27745
Is this a lesser dart? Pothantus Omaha

2 - 27746
Detached dart?

3-27747
Contigious swift?

4 - 27748
I suppose this is small branded swift, pelopidus mathias?

-This skipper is very big in size, about one and a half section of a thumb
5-27749
I thought this is a conjoined swift but i am not sure

6 - 27750
Also not sure about this fella

Appreciate all the help i can get!

Regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 22.

1. Potanthus omaha.male.
Veins all darken, dull colour.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/219561838/large.jpeg

Unusually the abdominal end appear to have a black band, but it will not match any of the black-banded species.
P. mingo, P. trachala, & P. serina.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20serina/PHS_adult_male_c.jpg

2. Potanthus trachala.
FW spots well separated; HW band upper spot projected out; heavy black spots.


3. Caltoris cormasa male.
Typical spots.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HYiGh0gEIEM/VMOMbHuJg3I/AAAAAAAATvk/C0o1_FJ_O68/s1600/DSC_0126.JPG


4.Pelopidas mathias male.

P. mathias dirty ,grey shaded.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NQjrfm7_wKc/VLKJc4Ocs5I/AAAAAAAAf0o/TWF0cOhFUMI/s1600/SBS_adult_Benedict_01.jpg

P. agna; clean brownish.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Hw681ALm5FU/UFXjb_4D9qI/AAAAAAAAGl0/5g2mXz48cNs/s1600/DSC2521+Small+Branded+Swift+.jpg


5. Pelopidas conjunctus female.
Large; FW spots yellowish; HW spots whitish.
Females.
https://www.jamiun.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IMG_6366watermarksmallWEB.jpg
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Pelopidas-conjunctus-1080x675.jpg


6. Taractrocera archias.male.
Antennal club rounded; HW band joined by a combined spots 6 & 7.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Vy41EYp6YwY/Xy_izZYovtI/AAAAAAAAZgU/hNjs1woAzNA5dUJ2dPKotmsR26_Gw8D8QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/YellowGrassDart-KSK2.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you Doctor Seow!

Regards
Zick

[Zicky]

Hi doctor Seow,

Another skipper trend as again! Here are some shot at upper seletar today

1 - 27751
i believe this is a Taractrocera archias?

2 - 27752
Also another Taractrocera archias?

3 - 27753
Telicota species?

4 - 2775427754
A open wing shot, is it possible to ID?

5 - 27755
Another telicota species?

Thanks in advance!

Regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 25.

1 & 2 Taractroceras archias. males.
Note rounded antennal clubs & HW band.

3. Female Telicota besta.
HW veins across band darken; dull colour.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OEM0FaXJUEI/U1vGhhSB71I/AAAAAAAAdOk/ZsPEPPciXJU/s1600/TB_adult_female_01.jpg

4. Female Potanthus omaha.
Veins are strongly dark; dull ochreous.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/206195231/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/202375433/large.jpeg

Compare P. ganda females; veins are not or barely darken.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/186351083/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/208954069/large.jpeg


5. Female Potanthus serina.
Note HW large spot 7 (Telicota have no HW spot 7.)

P. serina; Veins not darken; FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4; Abdominal end with black band. Correction: P. mingo.
Females.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/153469410/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/24154101/large.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

A quick follow up on skipper 5, the Potanthus serina. I didnt expect the Potanthus serina to be this small, for a size comparision, the flower it is feeding on in the picture is a single flower of a leea indica. Are their size variable? Was expecting it to be much bigger for it to be name the large dart.

Regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Hi Doctor Seow,

A quick follow up on skipper 5, the Potanthus serina. I didnt expect the Potanthus serina to be this small, for a size comparision, the flower it is feeding on in the picture is a single flower of a leea indica. Are their size variable? Was expecting it to be much bigger for it to be name the large dart.

Regards
Zick

It is possible for an individual to be larger or smaller than the norm for the species.

For this individual, the shape suggest a small species.

There is a prominent black band at the abdominal end.
There are 3 full subapical spots.
FW spot 5 is smaller than spot 4.

Only 4 species in Singapore have a black banded abdominal end.

1. Potanthus trachala. FW 14 - 15 mm.
FW spots widely separated ,spiky.
Male & female.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20trachala%20tytleri/Potanthus_female_01.jpg


2. Potanthus serina. FW 16 -17 mm.
FW with spot 5 smaller than spot 4.
Male & female.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8lpB_kJwF0o/UtHZdpqaUfI/AAAAAAAANSc/JaAHmmoXqt8/s1600/HFH_0564-Potanthus-sp.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/SvGpiRQbRAI/AAAAAAAAEZo/o2cal7Ek3g8/s1600-h/PHS_adult_female_c.jpg


3. Potanthus juno. FW 13 -14 mm.
FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4.
FW subapical spots only two, ie spot 6 & 7, spot 8 absent or vestigial.
Female.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WroJpPq0U5g/WGddN4VeO8I/AAAAAAAAQQk/yLDmI309uw8nDMBP_wvQFzx7edYEtR6IACLcB/s1600/JunoDart-KohCH.jpg


4. Potanthus mingo. FW 12- 13 mm.
FW with 3 subapical spots.
FW spot 4 & 5 about equal.
Female on the left.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tFtROXZYiZI/W_ErxDkE91I/AAAAAAAAUA0/vigPklu01Zk8ED1PVNUUuA9YRNAfy41dQCLcBGAs/s1600/HFH_3107%2BPotanthus%2Bmingo.JPG


It is probably Potanthus mingo female.

I suggest for Potanthus, show at least two images as small details matter.



TL Seow :Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi doctor Seow,

i took your advice and took a few extra shots, which i only got about 2 before the butts flew off

1 - 2776527766
Is this a telicota species?

2 - 2776727768
My initial guess is a baoris species, but i think i could be wrong on this one

3 - 277692777027771
Here i dont have a sharp shot of the head, but hope it still allows ID

4 - 2777227773
Here i go out of character and require help with lascar. I dont think it is a Lasippa tiga or Lasippa heliodore since forewing cellular bar is missing.

Thanks in advance!
Zick

[Zicky]

Hi doctor Seow,

i took your advice and took a few extra shots, which i only got about 2 before the butts flew off

1 - 2776527766
Is this a telicota species?

2 - 2776727768
My initial guess is a baoris species, but i think i could be wrong on this one

3 - 277692777027771
Here i dont have a sharp shot of the head, but hope it still allows ID

4 - 2777227773
Here i go out of character and require help with lascar. I dont think it is a Lasippa tiga or Lasippa heliodore since forewing cellular bar is missing.

Thanks in advance!
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 29.

1. Male Telicota colon.
FW spots staggered, ie not aligned.
Male ,Female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Telicota%20colon%20stinga/Telicota-colon2-KSK.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-grsw9HIBWI4/VAxfuqQLhFI/AAAAAAAAQFU/ARBSsNRqbFI/s1600/HFH3772-Telicota%2Bcolon%2Bstinga.jpg


2. Baoris male, probably Baoris farri.
The wingshape is distorted.
Baoris have FW spots.
B. farri .
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Close_wing_basking_of_Baoris_farri_%28Moore%2C_187 8%29_%E2%80%93_Complete_Paint-brush_Swift_%28Male%29_WLB_DSC_6157.jpg


3. Polytremis lubricans male.
Note yellow FW spots.
Colour rendition is wrong.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/155010380@N05/43383536271
https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/5cb77cac-13f5-4143-a7f2-17dfeebe596e/d1ngduo-bc8faf6c-5cc1-401e-afad-e02ff80aa1dc.jpg?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQz NzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZT BkMTg4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6 W1t7InBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcLzVjYjc3Y2FjLTEzZjUtNDE0My1hN2 YyLTE3ZGZlZWJlNTk2ZVwvZDFuZ2R1by1iYzhmYWY2Yy01Y2Mx LTQwMWUtYWZhZC1lMDJmZjgwYWExZGMuanBnIn1dXSwiYXVkIj pbInVybjpzZXJ2aWNlOmZpbGUuZG93bmxvYWQiXX0.2_aizU3n 0z-J-905gSneiN45kc8GOzXJ7JToGG8_u1g


4. Female Pantoporia sandaka.
Pantoporia have a grey submarginal band lacking in Lasippa.

P. hordonia ;grey submatginal band wide.
Male Female.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UsULpFSI_bE/V1F4-jAS09I/AAAAAAAAaFs/8zPxbcfG9zoqbadSBgt4YCMcpN8QkttbgCLcB/s1600/DSC_2572.JPG
https://i.pinimg.com/474x/69/c1/5e/69c15ef1dee81ffcd06dae9e58922667.jpg

P. sandaka; grey submarginal band narrow ,often broken into beads.
2 males & 2 females.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/S_qG3iESjZI/AAAAAAAAGoo/KHbAWLGMapQ/s1600/CL_adult_Federick_02_c.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/1187/1048295585_dbdb16cd75_z.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pantoporia%20hordonia%20hordonia/Common%20Lascar%20-%20Federick%20Ho.jpg
https://content.eol.org/data/media/28/0e/90/18.https___www_inaturalist_org_photos_1006816.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

Correction

No.2 Most likely Borbo cinnara.
There are spots on the HW, clearer in this pic.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/220652029/large.jpg

This plus the white face & thicker antennal clubs suggest B. cinnara

Examples.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ-F8amTAkPLz1L8C-rOVpOVrh60oUqRHD3-5KT-kgAYyuJTMBdq4wSvgaX_qWPjm2m8uw&usqp=CAU
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KaVjdL_FAME/U152N_2DObI/AAAAAAAAdUc/5BJKeJq6wCY/s1600/FS_adult_Khew_01.jpg


TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

i see, thanks very much doctor Seow!

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

Another few skippers and a brownwing to ask!

1-2779127792
The antenna has a white region, so i suppose caltoris cormasa?

2-27793
i only have one shot. Since the forewing dark regions arent very dark, would this be a potanthus species?

3-2779427795
Potanthus omaha?

4-2779627797
P. agna?

5-2779927800
P. omaha?

6-2779827790
which brown wing is this? i cant tell them apart

Thanks in regards

Zick

[Psyche]

1 Caltoris malaya.
C. malaya have a pale area but rather weak on the antenna.
FW without any spot, so no spot is visible in the upper cell area.
Male rusty brown, female ochreous brown.
Males.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-m1O18RS0-KI/VuQNc-vUBAI/AAAAAAAAlxU/K54dWi9wBgM08McCrCjGDcUCTKq14MWIQ/s1600/CM_adult_01.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/156863848/large.jpeg
Females.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1oLoYzhVinM/VuQNmGqtVYI/AAAAAAAAlxc/AGELMc8jRC8WiTc2KpVTN5OYxeznX9TLA/s1600/CM_adult_04.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/30159570/large.jpg

Caltoris cormasa often have an small FW upper cellspot visible at rest ;UnH strongly reddish.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TjKxWVHrQmg/VGbOal2gmXI/AAAAAAAAfZE/UXtIkUB2kE0/s1600/CC_adult_CherHern_01.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8EbM65dWqtE/VGOHm1rac4I/AAAAAAAAfWc/YI8Gb6HKjcQ/s1600/CC_adult_03.jpg



2. Potanthus omaha.
Abdominal end yellow; veins are lightly darken

3. Taractrocera archias.
The wingshape, markings & antenna are typical.


4. Borbo cinnara.
Borbo cinnara have no HW cellspot. HW typicaly with 3 spots.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jMZu5Yy4Yg0/U5srGBECJPI/AAAAAAAAduM/h_NUjDNPj3M/s1600/FS_adult_Federick_01.jpg

Pelopidas agna have a prominent HW cellspot.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Hw681ALm5FU/UFXjb_4D9qI/AAAAAAAAGl0/5g2mXz48cNs/s1600/DSC2521+Small+Branded+Swift+.jpg


5. Potanthus omaha.


6. Miletus biggsii
Uniformly grey or brown.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRGFa4ehrO6NaaTTP9KqHSlixuVU_afS saDmw&usqp=CAU
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IGfWKPlNIPc/UrxHv43ydwI/AAAAAAAALY0/CJs9Gh5Tpec/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/BiggsBrownie-LokePF.jpg

M. symethus.
Apex of each wing shaded white.At rest they aligned.
HW postdiscal spot shaded black on the inner margins.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Miletus%20symethus%20petronius/Miletus-symethus-petronius---Sim.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Miletus%20symethus%20petronius/Miletus%20symethus%20petronius%20-%20Neo%20Chee%20Beng.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Here are some new skipper

1 - 278052780627807
This skipper is the size of a caltoris, big as a biden pilosa. FW vein looks lightly darken with abdominal black band. Is it a P.serina?

2 - 2780827809
This caltoris/boaris species is not brownish red, and somewhat greyish brown. Not so confident but i suspect is a caltoris species

3 - 2781027811
FW spots distinctly yellow, Polytremis lubricans?

4 - 2781227813
Potanthus omaha? The forewing is lightly darken at submarginal area and veins are somewhat dark

Regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 36.

1. Typical male Potanthus serina.
NOte FW spot 5 much smaller than spot 4; HW band with a small spot 6 on inner corner; Abdominal end strongly black-banded.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/d7/80/fb/d780fbee9e9b2b3ae5e65893f41908f6.jpg

2. Male Polytremis lubricans.
Note the patern on the antenna & the coarse scalings; HW spots may be obscyre in this species.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_93158-226-61b1ea533d610-1.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0cUzxS0FpT8/T1tgyU4WJrI/AAAAAAAAFjg/TiwxZzRsxec/s1600/DSC4674%2BContiguous%2BSwift.jpg

3. Male Potanthus mingo.
Note abdominal end with only a hint of yellow, indicating a broad black band.
Ground colour is dark & HW band outer margins incut.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg


4. Male Potanthus omaha.
Abdominal end band very narrow only basally.
Veins darken; ground colour very light & HW band outer margins straight.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha/272%20Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha%20(Lesser%20Dart)% 20Bobby%20Mun.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha/PM_adult_release_site_01.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

Can i clarify what do you mean by ground colour? Is it refering to a specific part of the skipper, or just the colouring of the skipper in general?

Thank you!
Zick

[Psyche]

Hi Doctor Seow,

Can i clarify what do you mean by ground colour? Is it refering to a specific part of the skipper, or just the colouring of the skipper in general?

Thank you!
Zick


The ground colour is the background colour as against the colour of any markings on it.

For examples.
The ground colour is blue-black with parallel stripes of ashy blue on both wings.
https://live.staticflickr.com/4670/39140890154_a94d2f7789_b.jpg

The ground colour is heavily dark-shaded.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg

The orange HW band contrast strongly with the ground colour.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Cephrenes%20trichopepla/CT_adult_female_01.jpg

The HW band barely contrast with the ground colour.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jNl8Waf_HV0/U1vGRX6qqcI/AAAAAAAAdOM/CiGHaWLO_cQ/s1600/TB_adult_female_03+(1).jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

I see, thank you Doctor Seow!

[Zicky]

On this note, i would like to inquire how do i differentiate Caltoris philippina and Polytremis lubricans?

Im still relatively new at IDing skippers and these two gives me a very hard time. Both shares similar colouration and course scaling,and i feel that from pictures the spots seem to appear in the wings of both species as well

Would like to inquire how can i learn to differentiate both

Regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Caltoris philippina.
Antennae always blackish in appearance.
FW without cellspot. Apex sharper ;margin strongly incurved at lower third.
HW always without spot.
Ground greenish ochre, coarse scalings.

Males.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dUpUIge8ARc/VVgQs0A2W2I/AAAAAAAAhcE/G5GhTdkiJzY/s1600/CP_adult_field_male_01.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5TK7DEPNx-E/VVgQ5MIUYMI/AAAAAAAAhcU/10-ranaGX5M/s1600/Caltoris-philippina-philippina-Sunny-Chir-4223.png
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/212976740/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/211115369/large.jpg
Females.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DPQer73tiu0/VVgRAp14a2I/AAAAAAAAhcc/fORzRm3U2po/s1600/CP_adult_male_01.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZxsPXagCnLE/VVgRDhTO6iI/AAAAAAAAhck/mmzcdlo0SLY/s1600/CP_adult_male_03.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/156260452/large.jpeg

Below is a miss-identification. It is Caltoris kumara.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/113_1446-181-546b6493b620a-2.jpg


Polytremis lubricans.
Antennal club marked differently with a pale tip often orange; tip is at right-angle to club ;club may appear blackish at certain angles.
FW always with 2 cellspots; all spots very yellow.
HW always with a series of spots, sometimes obscure & hard to see.
Underside ground ochreous brown often coarse scalings & yellower in the female.
Males.
https://images-wixmp-ed30a86b8c4ca887773594c2.wixmp.com/f/5cb77cac-13f5-4143-a7f2-17dfeebe596e/d1ngduo-bc8faf6c-5cc1-401e-afad-e02ff80aa1dc.jpg?token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJ IUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJ1cm46YXBwOjdlMGQxODg5ODIyNjQz NzNhNWYwZDQxNWVhMGQyNmUwIiwiaXNzIjoidXJuOmFwcDo3ZT BkMTg4OTgyMjY0MzczYTVmMGQ0MTVlYTBkMjZlMCIsIm9iaiI6 W1t7InBhdGgiOiJcL2ZcLzVjYjc3Y2FjLTEzZjUtNDE0My1hN2 YyLTE3ZGZlZWJlNTk2ZVwvZDFuZ2R1by1iYzhmYWY2Yy01Y2Mx LTQwMWUtYWZhZC1lMDJmZjgwYWExZGMuanBnIn1dXSwiYXVkIj pbInVybjpzZXJ2aWNlOmZpbGUuZG93bmxvYWQiXX0.2_aizU3n 0z-J-905gSneiN45kc8GOzXJ7JToGG8_u1g
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Polytremis%20lubricans%20lubricans/Contiguous%20Swift%20-%20Neo%20Chee%20Beng.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Polytremis%20lubricans%20lubricans/Contiguous%20Swift%20-%20Khew.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/220645538/large.jpg
Female.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0cUzxS0FpT8/T1tgyU4WJrI/AAAAAAAAFjg/TiwxZzRsxec/s1600/DSC4674%2BContiguous%2BSwift.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi doctor Seow,

Another day, another skipper activity. This time i have a few shots but of similar views

1 - P.serina?
2783527837

2 - one shot wonder-also a potanthus?
27838

3-a telicota species?
2783927840

4 - i have succeeded a multi shot but relatively clueless about this guy
278412784227843

Thanks in advance!
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 43.

1. Female Potanthus serina.
FW spot 5 much smaller than spot 4; HW shaded with dark brown rather than black.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/SvGpiRQbRAI/AAAAAAAAEZo/o2cal7Ek3g8/s1600-h/PHS_adult_female_c.jpg


2. Female potanthus ganda;
Abdominal end without a black band; HW veins across band not dark-dusted.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ht4NZzQNDAw/Wcuga8PmFPI/AAAAAAAAr-w/cySTrPvk6d0M71ZMAUNioKiQC9ZGpCr-wCLcBGAs/s1600/Potanthus_ganda_cat3of4_underside.jpg


3. Telicota linna female.
HW veins across band not dark-dusted.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e_7pWdo7Xxw/Vz1Tmmx5PpI/AAAAAAAAmR8/f2OCfKpKqCUHrPSwUg4pPp-4TWKi0VGlwCLcB/s1600/TL_female_03.jpg


4. Taractrocera archias female.
This should have been the easiest.
Small, rounded shape, antennal clubs rounded. markings distinctive.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Taractrocera%20archias%20quinta/Taractrocera%20archias%20quinta%20-%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg

4. The 3rd picture is that of a Potanthus probably P. serina male.



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

Here are some skipper ID i would like confirmation with, which i tried with my ID!

1 - P.omaha?
278492785027851

2 - P.serina, i can see the space 4 is twice the size of space 5
2785227853

3 - P.omaha as well
2785427855

4 - M.biggsi?
2785627857

Thanks in advance! Hoping i get the IDs for skipper right this time
Zick

[Psyche]

post 45.

1. P. omaha male.
Dull yellow ochre, veins darken.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha/272%20Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha%20(Lesser%20Dart)% 20Bobby%20Mun.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha/PM_adult_release_site_01.jpg
Compare P. ganda males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/148454978/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/195876946/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/185977777/large.jpeg

2. is P. serina.


3. Probably P. confucius male.
Veins not daken on FW & HW.
FW spots with broad continuous overlap.
Your pic is clearer here.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/223893260/large.jpg
FW band veins not darken above & below; band with continuous uninterrupted look.

P. confucius; Band contunuous in the male; veins not darken; Underside spots variable.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/135259032/large.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B2W0fVicLAM/TlfLl8yaSSI/AAAAAAAAEq4/2t883dpTHBk/s400/DSC1958-Potanthus-confucius.jpg
Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-confucius.jpg


4. Miletus biggsii.
Underside uniform brown or silvery grey.

M. symethus.
Underside apices of both wings white-shaded; HW potdiscal spot edged dark.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Miletus%20symethus%20petronius/Miletus%20symethus%20petronius%20-%20Neo%20Chee%20Beng.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Miletus%20symethus%20petronius/Sunny-Chir---EOS-1D-Mark-III--30_08_2011--0562-copy-4.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thanks for the IDs Doctor Seow,

I do notice that when i upload my photos my pics then to a bit downgraded since i shoot on my phone. I will link my inat pictures next time to assist u in getting better views! Thank you so much!

Regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Here are some shots for today i would like affirmation to. I added inatlink as some photos of mine become of low quality once uploaded here after resizing, hope it helps!

1 - Large dart,P.serina
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131990402
2787027871

2 - large dart,p.serina,another individual
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131990407
27872

3 - p.omaha
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131990383
2787327874

some none skipper hereby
4 - extra lascar,Pantoporia sandaka? i have note that the grey submarginal band is narrow here and broken into beads, indicating it isnt a common lascar
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131990356
278752787627877

5 - perak lascar,Pantoporia paraka
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131990393
27878

Regards, with lots of skippers
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 48.

1, Male & 2 female P. serina.

3. Male P. omaha.

4. Female Pantoporia paraka.
Male 2 grey-orange submarginal bands, female three.

[Psyche]

Post 48.
Male Pantoporia sandaka sandaka .

The two species are much confused.
In Singapore P. hordonia have become very rare.

P. hordonia hordonia.
FW grey submarginal band at least 2X wider than orange band & nearly that in the female.
Male postdiscal spot in space 2 with a narrow 'foot' running along the lower margin.
In female this end more abruptly.
Males in P. Malaysia.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6TIVtGI_okk/U3dZiNWZG2I/AAAAAAAAOdc/ONasPwcgx60/s1600/DSC_0229.JPG
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gp9no4njAzs/U3dZiK7jK6I/AAAAAAAAOdg/XYKZpZVg0z4/s1600/DSC_0239.JPG
Males in Singapore.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eHnx5jNOlqQ/X99AS6EPU2I/AAAAAAAAako/xLpy8kz3-ykGQofb-WgwPo4X9AH9sXUWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/CommonLascar-KSK5.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oiSX3-kyPRk/Tk-9CD1-ziI/AAAAAAAAGZI/i5qORnzy7V4/s1600/CommonLascar-KSK4.jpg

Females.
Probable female Singapore.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3ultglUJIb0/T1t67batzLI/AAAAAAAAMhs/tmEOa5e7Yqs/s1600/CL_adult_04.jpg
There is a tendency for the orange to become obsolete.
Cambodia.
https://www.funet.fi/index/Tree_of_life//insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/limenitidinae/pantoporia/hordonia_hordonia-1xu.jpg
Thailand.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/0a/f2/90/0af29065cd231720cd6868fd389661b5.jpg
Java
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ELNd5T1m_GQ/VBf6usWidtI/AAAAAAAAAUc/2B3yFp54qDo/s1600/IMG_7404e1.JPG


P. sandaka sandaka.
FW grey submarginal band usually narrower than the orange band, sometimes constricted.
In female the grey band is wider & can be as wide as the orange band causing confusion.
Male postdiscal spot with a long large foot tapering in along the lower margin.
HW with a white speculum sometimes shown as a white highlight below the FW.
Males in P. malaysia.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c8rXTibfeqY/Une7uK6IDRI/AAAAAAAALeU/9RQQGiO1Jvk/s1600/DSC_0137.JPG
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-aPdVOMdlDiE/V0-AdwfxsBI/AAAAAAAAZ_8/WaJquWR4vMoGe1hjjh0751RmKDJbUdVPgCLcB/s1600/DSC_2144.JPG
Males in Singapore.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uNRH3neo0xI/Tk-8ylJieFI/AAAAAAAAGZE/mccS3lSKGDI/s1600/CommonLascar-Fed3.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/63896423/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/47342610/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/143377414/large.jpg


Mating pair from NE India.
Note male at bottom with wider orange submarginal & large foot of the FW postdiscal spot is identifiable as P. hordonia.
The female on the top have submarginal grey band as wide as the orange band & could be mistaken for P. hordonia.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Mating_pair_of_Pantoporia_hordonia_%28Stoll%2C_179 0%29_%E2%80%93_Common_Lascar_MG_4447.jpg/1280px-Mating_pair_of_Pantoporia_hordonia_%28Stoll%2C_179 0%29_%E2%80%93_Common_Lascar_MG_4447.jpg

Females in Singapore.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/213265577/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/147000755/large.jpeg
Probable females P. sandaka.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/175156740/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/133072147/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/216222248/large.jpeg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

While i can see the submarginal line well, i would like to seek your opinions on these lascar images, are they P.sandaka or P.hordonia? I do see the sample images give clear example but it appears both species look rather similar on many occasion

1 - 27883

2 - 2788427885

3 - 2788627887

Regards, with lots of skippers(lascar this time)
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 51.

These are all clear-cut examples of P. sanadak. Correction: 3 is female P. paraka.

Look at the size of the grey band in P. hordonia. It is 2x wider than the orange band next to it.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eHnx5jNOlqQ/X99AS6EPU2I/AAAAAAAAako/xLpy8kz3-ykGQofb-WgwPo4X9AH9sXUWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/CommonLascar-KSK5.jpg

In P. sandaka the grey band is narrow, often broken up in the male.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Pantoporia_hordonia_Stoll%2C_1790_%E2%80%93_Common _Lascar.jpg/800px-Pantoporia_hordonia_Stoll%2C_1790_%E2%80%93_Common _Lascar.jpg?20171102060337


TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you doctor Seow!

[Psyche]

Correction

I am afraid your pix lacks good resolution.

3 is a female Pantoporia paraka.


Pantoporia paraka ;FW with 2- 3 greyish orange submarginal bands.
Males.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/THPpQWcJjiI/AAAAAAAAIJo/HdeGKIzzst8/s1600/PL_adult_02.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iBMADj7Gv_M/YF8vvseWpjI/AAAAAAAAaw4/kA3kcYnK_Z4GfigVkrrhchBDfRe5_Y8PACLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/PerakLascar-LohMY3.jpg
Female.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-03hl627khyI/UE3t8Kzh17I/AAAAAAAAOiM/fqr22nk6BRc/s1600/PL_adult_05.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow

Thanks for letting me know! I shoot with a samsung s20 and a clip on lens, so post processing on computer after resizing usually lead to quality fall. Hope the inat links would help as a backup source for clearer pic.

Here again i have a couple of skippers, back to the classics once again.

1 - P.omaha?
Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132122831
2788927890


2 - T.besta?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132122828
27888

3 - another individual, also a t.besta?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132122836
27891

4 - Polytremis lubricans? The initial suspect i had was a Pelopidas assamensis since it was reaching a telicota size, not the typical small small cute cute size one
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132122838
2789227893

Thanks once again!! with many skippers in regard
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 55.

1.Potanthus omaha.
Light yellowish but the veins darkening appear very slight.


2 Male Telicota besta.
FW spots 4 & 5 equal.
HW veins across band raised & lightly darken.
Males.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LFTJK1e_eF4/VhmfBaBmxeI/AAAAAAAAW3I/Kl3VHYgnHGE/s1600/DSC_0409-001.JPG
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EcRIOq2ivQ8/U1vGYbuSkoI/AAAAAAAAdOU/R4gYL-S-BfY/s1600/TB_adult_male_-04.jpg

3. Male Telicota linna.
FW spots 4 & 5 equal.
HW veins across band not raised or darken ;ground colour duskier.
Males.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pxufm6yxwJY/Vz1Ts1TFzdI/AAAAAAAAmSA/3i5nnLNhN_04ab0tBl_oAsFTUb_tq3E8QCLcB/s1600/TL_male_02.jpg
https://alchetron.com/cdn/telicota-608b9a01-d3cb-4d3a-9827-d591d3395e2-resize-750.jpg


4. Female Pelopidas conjunctus.
Note HW have a white spot centrally in the cell .(Polytremis have no HW cellspot).
Note FW upper cellspot large & oblong.
FW spot yellow & HW spots white.
Male.
https://wanderingbutterflyeffect.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/6a0100a801ee89000e0110162468f1860b.jpg
Females.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Pelopidas-conjunctus.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pelopidas%20conjunctus%20conjunctus/PC_adult_01.jpg
http://www.natureloveyou.sg/Minibeast-Butterfly/Skipper_Pelopidas%20conjunctus%20conjunctus/Main.html



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

I hereby seek for some affirmation for some skipper IDs. I have added inaturalist links to ensure sharper photos are available for viewing.

1 - P.omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132523638
2790027901

2 - P.trachala?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132523706
27902279032790427905

3 - P.omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132523714
27906279072790827909

4 - Y.baldus?
inat - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132523755
2791027911

With a skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

1. Potanthus omaha.
FW spots 4 & 5 are unusual in not being aligned together. They are staggered out like in the male Telicota colon.
However in all other respect they fit P. omaha.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/174676264/large.jpeg


2. Female Potanthus mingo.
FW shape is that of a female.
FW spots 4 & 5 overlaps the other spots.
Bands edged strongly in black spots.
Males.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iop_f9JevUk/WGddN-acVSI/AAAAAAAAQQg/yg3McZcX858Tj9u8AYJQMMBizvGA4YS_wCLcB/s1600/MingoDart-JonS.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EGfuIVmIAcM/Xm44SFZWNPI/AAAAAAAAUyQ/7MKmfZclFC4HrcGGzMmJmYIoxUSKucmwgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/HFH_8042%2BPotanthus%2Bsp.JPG


3. Potanthus omaha male.
The markings are as for P. omaha.

[Psyche]

4. This is a difficult one.
in Y. baldus the ground is more buff & Eliot states spot 5 always larger than spot 6, & spots 2 & 3 large &at least touched.
There are many intermediate such as this.

In Thailand they are considered one species.
eg one one male from Yala will fit the criteria for Y. baldus newboldi.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/41000010.html

Clearer examples of Y. bajdus newboldi.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Ypthima%20baldus%20newboldi/CFR_mating_pair_Bobby_02.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Ypthima%20baldus%20newboldi/CFR_mating_pair_Bobby.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DN5O-c2TqL0/UwcTpGziJPI/AAAAAAAAb9A/m5w3NLU3bB8/s1600/CFR_adult_Anthony_01.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Ypthima%20baldus%20newboldi/CFR_adult_cat01_female.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/118689364/large.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/137866663/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/161277147/large.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/163736415/large.jpeg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/195593032/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/220608387/large.jpg


Y. horsfieldi humei.
Ground colour whiter & striae darker; HW postdiscal area inside of eyespots 2 & 3 tend to be whiter.
Spot 5 & 6 variable, sometimes spot 6 larger; spot 2 & 3 ?always separate.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Ypthima%20horsfieldii%20humei/MFR_mating_pair_Simon.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Ypthima%20horsfieldii%20humei/MFR_mating_pair_Federick.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Ypthima%20horsfieldii%20humei/MFR_adult_Jayne.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/143526590/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/104436046/large.jpeg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/217363169/large.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/167070214/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/137634260/large.jpg


Uncertain examples.
Strongly ochreous. Should this be Y. horsfieldi or baldus.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/144840298/large.jpg

HW spot 5 is obscure/obsolete . Should be correct as Y. horsfieldi.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/213043518/large.jpg

Although spot 2 & 3 are large, spot 5 is very small & the ground is whitish. Y. horsfieldi.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/10689989/large.jpg

Two examples with spot 6 smaller than spot 5 & ground buff coloured. Should be Y. baldus.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/137591204/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/116302530/large.jpg


As for your pix.
HW spot 5 is larger than spot 6 & ground is more buff.
I think perhaps Y. baldus, but I colud be wrong.

Obviously someone need to do a proper DNA analysis here.
The one done in P. Malaysia is too impecise as no proper examples were shown.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

1. Potanthus omaha.
FW spots 4 & 5 are unusual in not being aligned together. They are staggered out like in the male Telicota colon.
However in all other respect they fit P. omaha.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/174676264/large.jpeg


2. Female Potanthus mingo.
FW shape is that of a female.
FW spots 4 & 5 overlaps the other spots.
Bands edged strongly in black spots.
Males.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iop_f9JevUk/WGddN-acVSI/AAAAAAAAQQg/yg3McZcX858Tj9u8AYJQMMBizvGA4YS_wCLcB/s1600/MingoDart-JonS.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EGfuIVmIAcM/Xm44SFZWNPI/AAAAAAAAUyQ/7MKmfZclFC4HrcGGzMmJmYIoxUSKucmwgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/HFH_8042%2BPotanthus%2Bsp.JPG


3. Potanthus omaha male.
The markings are as for P. omaha.

Hi doctor Seow, i would like to clarify on P.mingo ID as im getting a bit confuse with P.trachala

Regarding 2, P,mingo, what are the comparisons factors i could utilize aside from FW spot 4 and 5 and the black abdominal bands? I reach the conclusion it is a P.trachala since the FW spot 4 and 5 didnt appear to overlap the other spots, which was the main basis i arrive it at. I would also like to clarify if bands edged strongly refer to the black spots near the cell spot being more prominent than the other spots? Or do they refer to the end of the black spots in the forewing having a zigzag pattern

Skipping regards!
Zicky

[Psyche]

You need to know the butterfly venations & the terms used to describe the spots otherwise what I say may make no sense.

'Overlap' mean to cover partially or wholly their facing margins.
In P. mingo spot 4 & 5 overlap the other spots ie spot 5 overlap spot 6 ( not always), & spot 4 overlaps spot 3.
In P. trachala spots 4 & 5 do not overlap the other spots.
27912

P. trachala .
Male.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/24639061/large.jpg
Female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/136523592/large.png


P. mingo. Abdominal end black band , less obvious in female.
Name Zigzag Banded Dart coined by some Thai enthusiast; it probably refer to the HW band's zigzag margin in fresh male.
Male.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iop_f9JevUk/WGddN-acVSI/AAAAAAAAQQg/yg3McZcX858Tj9u8AYJQMMBizvGA4YS_wCLcB/s1600/MingoDart-JonS.jpg
Female, Cambodia.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/51796662/large.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

You need to know the butterfly venations & the terms used to describe the spots otherwise what I say may make no sense.

'Overlap' mean to cover partially or wholly their common margins.
In P. mingo spot 4 & 5 overlap the other spots ie spot 5 overlap spot 6 ( not always), & spot 4 overlaps spot 3.
In P. trachala spots 4 & 5 do not overlap the other spots.
27912

P. trachala .
Male.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/24639061/large.jpg
Female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/136523592/large.png


P. mingo. Abdominal end black band , less obvious in female.
Name Zigzag Banded Dart coined by some Thai enthusiast; it probably refer to the HW zigzag margin in fresh male.
Male.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-iop_f9JevUk/WGddN-acVSI/AAAAAAAAQQg/yg3McZcX858Tj9u8AYJQMMBizvGA4YS_wCLcB/s1600/MingoDart-JonS.jpg
Female, Cambodia.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/51796662/large.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

Thank you so much doctor Seow! Greatly appreciate this and helps me understand a lot better. Prior to this, i always look at the forewing spot 4 and 5, but found the overlapping part to be rather confusing as such. This has aid me in Identifying thw skipper much better until i get my hands on the C&P5 book!

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

I have attempted ID again, would like some clarification. I uploaded separate inat link in case of poor photo quality downgrade due to resizing.

1 - Caltoris cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133060722
27914

2 - T.besta?
inat link-https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133060729
279152791627917

3 - which pelopidas may i inquire? It is killed by a crab spider already
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133060733
27918

4 - T.besta? i see the hingwing veins are raised
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133060735
279192792027921

5 - P.sadanka?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133060724
2792227923


Thanks in advance!

with skipping regards
Zick

[Psyche]

Post 63.

1. Caltoris cormasa . Colour is rather pale here.


2 & 4. Telicota colon male.
T. colon is IDed by the FW spot 4 & 5 being not aligned ,but staggered out.
27924
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iRfNeV5wQzA/UKzN8heYtNI/AAAAAAAAIoU/f3aJKVW5sQk/s1600/PalmDart-LemonTea.jpg

Other males have spots 4 & 5 aligned & rectangular.


3. Female Pelopidas mathias; HW is largely greyish.



5. Probably correct as P. sandaka female.

P. hordonia males.
FW submarginal grey band broad & unbroken.
P. Malaysia.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6TIVtGI_okk/U3dZiNWZG2I/AAAAAAAAOdc/ONasPwcgx60/s1600/DSC_0229.JPG
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UsULpFSI_bE/V1F4-jAS09I/AAAAAAAAaFs/8zPxbcfG9zoqbadSBgt4YCMcpN8QkttbgCLcB/s1600/DSC_2572.JPG
Singapore.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oiSX3-kyPRk/Tk-9CD1-ziI/AAAAAAAAGZI/i5qORnzy7V4/s1600/CommonLascar-KSK4.jpg

Certain females P. hordonia. Note grey band unbroken. orange band may be obsolete.
Thailand.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/0a/f2/90/0af29065cd231720cd6868fd389661b5.jpg
Java.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5oMyLkj9d4U/X5hYbdDZNPI/AAAAAAAACZQ/TOX3JbvicJs089MAItXE2JceHSCAlq0kgCLcBGAsYHQ/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/Dlium%2BCommon%2Blascar%2B%2528Pantoporia%2Bhordon ia%2529.jpg
Hong Kong.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/137111202@N08/50254414967

Probable female P. hordonia.Singapore.
These have relative broad & unbroken grey bands.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1ewzeeOI6B4/Tk-95EJv0ZI/AAAAAAAAGZQ/lMW6geqySA0/s1600/CommonLascar-Fed2.jpg



P. sandaka
FW grey marginal band narrow ,often broken.
Males.
P. Malaysia.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c8rXTibfeqY/Une7uK6IDRI/AAAAAAAALeU/9RQQGiO1Jvk/s1600/DSC_0137.JPG

Singapore.
Male.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uNRH3neo0xI/Tk-8ylJieFI/AAAAAAAAGZE/mccS3lSKGDI/s1600/CommonLascar-Fed3.jpg
Female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pantoporia%20hordonia%20hordonia/Common%20Lascar%20-%20Federick%20Ho.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/153051278/large.jpeg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Really appreciate the drawing Doctor Seow! feeling way more confident IDing darts in Singapore now!


Regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

A quick follow up question,

i was reading through the older members archive and realise there might be more curetis than is currently on the checklist, thus, i would like to inquire whether this very cute curetis is a curetis santana

1 - Curetis satana? i have added partial open wing shot and underside shot as well.
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133443496
279252792627927

with regards like the sunbeam
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 66.
It is a male Curetis santana.

The species recorded in the past in Singapore are.

1. C. santana.
2. saronis.
3 C. bulis.
4. C regula.
5.C. tagalica.
7. C. sperthis.

C. bulis is very similar to C. santana ie FW band oblique; Ground with fine black dots.
27936

C. santana.
HW postdiscal spots 6 & 7 in line.
HW submarginal spots 6 & 7 out of line.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0ICztPUghRQ/TezJrJqaIMI/AAAAAAAALFo/e0n7DK9mzZ8/s1600/Malayan_Sunbeam_adult_male_female_01.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Curetis%20santana%20malayica/Malayan-Sunbeam---Sunny-Chir.jpg


C. bulis.
HW postdiscal spot 6 tuck under spot 7 which is convex.
HW submarginal spots 6 & 7 in line.
SSp.bulis Laos.
http://www.jpmoth.org/~dmoth/Butterflies%20of%20China/11_Lycaenidae/Curetis%20bulis/070501031.jpg
http://www.jpmoth.org/~dmoth/Butterflies%20of%20China/11_Lycaenidae/Curetis%20bulis/070501031B.jpg
Thailand.
https://livedoor.blogimg.jp/beyondnostalgia/imgs/4/0/404422e0.jpg
https://livedoor.blogimg.jp/beyondnostalgia/imgs/0/b/0b1e9cab.jpg

These two observations look to be C. bulis.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120299120
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131436417


Of the others.
C. sperthis resembles C. saronis in the band being parallel to margin, but ground speckled with black dots.
One female by Sunny Chir labelled as C. saronis.
C. tagalica.Resembles C. saronis but leg banded black/ grey.
One observation by Federick Ho match this.
C. regula resembles C. saronis but band regular & legs banded black.
No observation seen.


TL Seow: CHeers.

[Psyche]

Correction


Oops!.
The upperside already clearly shows it it Curetis bulis.
I was blind sided by previous examples with narrow orange bands labelled as C. santana.
eg.
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/malayan-sunbeam-of-singapore-gm184114769-1842380
https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4565/24843048758_e571544b58_c.jpg

Eliot state in C. bulis base of space 7 at least half black.
In your pix the FW is raised high so there is no ambiquity where space 7 is.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84030010.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84050010.html

In C. bulis HW postdiscal spot 7 is large & & spot 6 is small & tuck under (inwards ) of spot 7.
HW submarginal spots are in line. In your case not so clear cut.
27937
Correction: HW upperside Space 6 & 7 in above images are actually space 5 & 6.
Space 7 is hidden under the FW in the image below.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/226592082/large.jpg


It would appear C. bulis is not that rare.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

Correction:
In the image below ,zooming (Google or handphone) shows the HW orange band seen is only to space 6, space 7 being under the FW.
However the HW orange band is way too narrow to be C. santana.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/226592082/large.jpg


In the past several narrow orange band were thought to be C. bulis but proving it was diificult without a proper upperside HW view.

Here is one with both upperside & underside.
Central Catchment Area 2017 by Jonanthan Soong.
https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4565/24843048758_e571544b58_c.jpg
https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4576/37998540944_126929a62b_c.jpg

The upperside zoomed in shows the veins clearly & space 7 is definitely black more than half its length.
The length of space 7 is from the base of the HW cell to the end of vein 7 at the margin.
27943

Compare with this C. bulis from Vietnam.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-KkGDROWOl1U/WKOWAmOvvmI/AAAAAAAALb8/4YnKPS-0UGc2mBqKr2JVjRG2E3HwbuFYgCLcB/s1600/Curetis%2Bbulis%2BCP1.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pY--gWVi7zc/WKOW8KJCHMI/AAAAAAAALcA/7OfO6KDwmpYhZKy1K8IFn5a0YaOIkQ1NgCLcB/s400/Curetis%2Bbulis%2BCP2.jpg
http://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot.com/2017/03/257-curetis-bulis-bulis-bright-sunbeam.html


C. santana Singapore.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rK5kA3sO00w/TedMfVFm7WI/AAAAAAAALCI/q4s2S28KV6Q/s1600/MS_adult_male_Sunny_03.jpg


C. bulis is likely not that rare in Singapore.
The underside markings can come very close to that of C. santana.
Past examples were thought to be some forms of C. santana because of conflicting images from the web & the rarity of getting a good upperside shot for confirmation.



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you so much Doctor Seow!

Looks like i will need to start becoming some digital artist alongside now as well haha


With regards
Zicky!

[Psyche]

Thank you so much Doctor Seow!

Looks like i will need to start becoming some digital artist alongside now as well haha


With regards
Zicky!


I am afraid I have to disappoint you here.

I forgot how difficult & confusing in the past to try & work it out the Curetis species.


Firstly your observation here.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133060718

It is a female from the large labial palps, rounded HW slightly hooked FW apex.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/226592027/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/226592082/large.jpg

Compare with males C. santana.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t9119-E8An8/TeEj9s6FNeI/AAAAAAAAK9g/7YCPQZn4KH0/s1600/MS_adult_05.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t9119-E8An8/TeEj9s6FNeI/AAAAAAAAK9g/7YCPQZn4KH0/s1600/MS_adult_05.jpg


No male Curetis species in our area have the HW orange reduced to a band.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84050010.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84030010.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84070001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc3/84110010.html


The female C. santana is so rare no proper observation found.
Below is image from Bornean Lycaenid.
27951


The underside markings .HW postdiscal spots 6 & 7 in line & submarginal spots 6 & 7 out of line is also that of C. santana
This shows that your observation is actually a Female Curetis santana.

Compare Female C. saronis.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/4934975/large.jpeg

Unknown female with an irregular HW band.
This looks to be the female C. tagalica.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131688085
Compare Female tagalica from Bornean lycaenid.
27950


Other observations.
C. santana.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/74695451
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/7331669
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/90629654


Possibly C. bulis.
FW with a narrower patch ;HW with a longer black bar basally extending beyond the origin of vein 6 & 7.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6911941
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/98755895
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95371774



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

Female C. tagalica from Bornean Lycaenid.
27952

The irregular HW band seem to match.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131688085

[Zicky]

Not one bit disappointed doctor Seow!

Its more remarkable that theres so much diversity waiting for me to explore in such a small country,and i suppose a female curetis is a amazing shot for me as a mobile photography

I reupdated my inat link as some of my photos are bugged apparently- https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133443496

Still greatly appreciate all the explanation i have receive! Until i can ID them i guess i will have to shoot non stop!

Regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,
i am more confident of todays ID, so feel free to correct any errors! Uploaded inat links as some photo doesnt hold up to quality once resize on computer

1 - P.mathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133755537
27958

2 - P.omaha?A bit like P.trachala but the vibes are off i'll say
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133755547
2795927960

3 - P.serina? unfortunately all the shots are awkward angle
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133755552
27961

4 - P.serina? i do note the abdominal band is black
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133755575
27962

5 - P.lubricans?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133755554
2796327964

6 - Telicota colon? only have inat link because the file resize quality cannot cut it for this one!
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133755530

with skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 74.
1. Female P. mathias. Note dirty greyish brown underside.

2 P. omaha male, yellow abdominal end; FW spot 4 & 5 overlap other. spots not spiky.
Male. P. trachala.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg

3. P. omaha male. Abdominal end is yellow; FW spots 4 & 5 equal.


4. Looks correct as female P. serina;abdominal end dark; FWspot 4 looks larger than 5.
P. serina females.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/49880289/large.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/31523897/large.jpeg


5. Polytremis lubricans male. Antenna end tinged orange, club with a black band' FW spots yellower.


6. Male Telicota colon
Fairly typical, with FW spots staggered out.



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

i ID the first skipper this as a oriens gola but got mentioned that it probably isnt a oriens gola, judging by the forewing placement and all i assume is a telicota species. I would like some help please! At the rate of skipper ID is going, i suppose my late night alcohol sessions shall include some skipper learning! I suppose the second one is a potanthus?

1 - inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133908153
27967

2- i am not so sure about this dart
27968

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 76.

1. Potanthus trachala.Female.


2. Typical male P. trachala.

Only Potanthus have a large cspot 7 on the HW.
The female is slightly aberrant on the FW.
The male is typical.

Male & female.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20trachala%20tytleri/Potanthus_female_01.jpg

Oriens gola female.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_Lk9a1XdRwg/UnozAHEF_fI/AAAAAAAAafM/nKsTPMMcrYU/s1600/CD_adult_Caijin_01.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow

some ID i require confirmation!

1 - Caltoris Cormasa
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134144464
2797727978

2 - Pontanthus serina?
inat - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134144482
2797927980

Regards!
Skipping
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 78.
Both are correct.

1. Caltoris cormasa. Reddish colouration & small spots.
2. Potanthus serina FW spot 5smaller than spot 4.



TL Seow:Cheers.

[Zicky]

Post 78.
Both are correct.

1. Caltoris cormasa. Reddish colouration & small spots.
2. Potanthus serina FW spot 5smaller than spot 4.



TL Seow:Cheers.

Thank You Doctor Seow!

Zicky

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

Today's outing brought me low skippers but high number of lascars, pantoporia specifically. I attach inat links once again to ensure quality and clarity.

1 - P.sandaka? i note the submarginal grey band isnt very thick
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134397320
2798127982

2 - P.sandaka also?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134398046
2798327984

3 - P.sandaka also? The wings are folded and ive only got this shot
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134397335
27987

4 - P.hordonia? The submarginal line is much thicker in this one compare to the above two. Inat link has more photo than the ones here, which after downsizing is somewhat blurry on computer end
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134397329
2798527986

5 - borbo cinnara, no hindwing cellspot
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134397353
27988

6 - p.lubricans? i notice yellow forewing spots but seems a bit wear and tear
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134397318
2798927990

With regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 81.

5 Borbo cinnara. Note also thick antennal club.

6. Polytremis lubricans male .Note also rough scalings & antenna.

[Psyche]

Pantoporia in Singapore.

All five species were recorded in the past in Singapore.
Two, P. aurelia & dindinga are likely extinct.

P. paraka have grey -orange FW submarginal bands .

The other two P. hordonia & sandaka have been widely confused throughout their range.
Both have an orange FW submarginal band and a grey one inner to it.
The FW postdiscal spot in space 2 is large with a 'foot' along the lower margin )dorsum)
The foot is exceptionally latge & long in the male P. sandaka.
Females of both species do not have an extended foot.
27991

[Psyche]

Pantoporia hordonia hordonia.

The status of P. hordonia is uncertain in Singapore.
Possibly it has become extinct, its genes mixed into some population of P. sandaka.

P. hordonia hordonia.
FW grey submarginal band wider thanthe orange band typically 2X wider, unbroken & continuous.
FW orange submarginal band tend to fade at the apex, particularly in the female.Often the orange band is broken or near obsolete.
Male foot of the postdiscal band small.

Typical males. P. Malaysia.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6TIVtGI_okk/U3dZiNWZG2I/AAAAAAAAOdc/ONasPwcgx60/s1600/DSC_0229.JPG
https://alchetron.com/cdn/pantoporia-9e3bc075-c678-455a-8aec-72699b51d23-resize-750.jpeg
https://a4.pbase.com/g4/25/686825/2/137778111.bMw5eaEm.jpg

Females.
P. Malaysia.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UsULpFSI_bE/V1F4-jAS09I/AAAAAAAAaFs/8zPxbcfG9zoqbadSBgt4YCMcpN8QkttbgCLcB/s1600/DSC_2572.JPG

Female P. Malaysia from C&P4.
27992

Thailand.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/0a/f2/90/0af29065cd231720cd6868fd389661b5.jpg
Cambodia.
https://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/limenitidinae/pantoporia/hordonia_hordonia-1xu.jpg
Java.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.jungledragon.com/images/3184/118530_small.JPG?AWSAccessKeyId=05GMT0V3GWVNE7GGM1 R2&Expires=1663804810&Signature=l7XOSruN8ujkKEYzllOUX2YXdTg%3D

[Psyche]

Pantoporia sandaka sandaka.
FW with the orange band intact & prominent.
The grey band is is much reduced, broken or beaded in the male.
Male with a large foot to the postdiscal spot.
Female is rather variable.
FW submarginal band usually expanded at the apex.
Grey band may be broken, but can be prominent.

Typical males.
P.Malaysia.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c8rXTibfeqY/Une7uK6IDRI/AAAAAAAALeU/9RQQGiO1Jvk/s1600/DSC_0137.JPG
Singapore.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uNRH3neo0xI/Tk-8ylJieFI/AAAAAAAAGZE/mccS3lSKGDI/s1600/CommonLascar-Fed3.jpg
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1187/1048295585_dbdb16cd75.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/47342610/large.jpg


Females.
With the grey band broken or narrow as in the male.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pantoporia%20hordonia%20hordonia/Common%20Lascar%20-%20Federick%20Ho.jpg
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQINIsfgVBKfbZfS7FGKRVb_qiRvH8lX wsiRg&usqp=CAU

More often the grey band is wider, causing a lot of confusion with P. hordonia.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_0EK80AsaR7g/SxkZYrw948I/AAAAAAAACJg/FtEX9Sa-D2E/s400/DSC_1880-Common-Lascar@MNT.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/153051278/large.jpeg
Female specimen(Singapore) in Natural History Museum Uk.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSZtvO8MLUvggqV-Xy4C82buR_YTCjMbD1ffWHwgvI8rsttEJAlPeiZ5IWhdstDRCf Mpoo&usqp=CAU

Female (P. Malaysia) from C&P4.
27993

[Psyche]

1, 2, & 3 are typical male Pantoporia sandaka sandaka.

Note in 3 the closeness of the submarginal orange band to the other spots & the long 'foot'.



4. In the past I would have quickly conclude this typical P. hordonia based on the wide grey band.
Consider the following facts.
1. There are a dozen or so identifiable male P. sandaka , but not a single male specimen of P. hordonia have been observed I believed for more than 20 years.
The last recognisable P. hordonia males appear to be these two.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eHnx5jNOlqQ/X99AS6EPU2I/AAAAAAAAako/xLpy8kz3-ykGQofb-WgwPo4X9AH9sXUWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/CommonLascar-KSK5.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oiSX3-kyPRk/Tk-9CD1-ziI/AAAAAAAAGZI/i5qORnzy7V4/s1600/CommonLascar-KSK4.jpg

The identification of the species is based on the male.
Without a single observation of a confirmed male P. hordonia, 4 is likely to be a female P. sandaka.
Note the orange band does not fade out at the apex.


TL Seow; Cheers.

[Psyche]

Additional note.

The male of P. sandaka have a large white speculum ( a patch of specialised scales) on the HW.
This is largely hidden at rest.
It is sometimes seen as a white highlight indicating its lower margin.
27994

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c8rXTibfeqY/Une7uK6IDRI/AAAAAAAALeU/9RQQGiO1Jvk/s1600/DSC_0137.JPG

https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uNRH3neo0xI/Tk-8ylJieFI/AAAAAAAAGZE/mccS3lSKGDI/s1600/CommonLascar-Fed3.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

Additional notes.

Males Pantoporia hordonia in P. Malaysia.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/65613884
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/102652739
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132162011
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/128243266

Dsf variant with wide markings & grey band narrowed.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/132919980


Two female P. hordonia.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2635944
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/19028878


Male P. sandaka. Note white line/highlight on HW.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/124081180


These images should help identify P. hordonia in Singapore.

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you so much doctor Seow for such a insightful explanation! Words cannot express the feeling i have now but i find it extremely helpful! But this eans i still have to keep looking for p.hordonia somewhere in SG

Regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

i have return with the classic skipper ID, which today i am confident of the one i require help with. Please correct any mistake shall you spot any

1 - p.omaha
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135350918
2800728008

2 - p.lubricans, but seems very yellowish brown
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135350953
2800928010

3 - t.colon. I decided t.colon base on forewing space 4 and 5. The colour seems deeper than the usual, but i concluded it is simply a worn out individual
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/135350954
280112801228013

Skipping regards!
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 90.

1. Male Potanthus omaha.

2/ Male Polytremis lubricans. Female is yellower.

3. Female Telicota colon.
Male & 2 female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/225643543/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/17249905/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/112883425/large.jpeg

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

My friend here has shot this skipper at pulau ubin, which is in a quite worned out condition. My initial ID is Zographetus doxus, ID from the white antenna and ground colour of the wings of the skipper itself. However, i discovered that there are other species that look alike, namely the Zographetus ogygia. I think it could very well be said for a range of species of skipper however.

I kindly request to hear your second opinion of this observation, and i dropped the inaturalist link below since i do not have the photo. All credits goes to Yu Fei who shot this photo.

Inat observation - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/136746438

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 92.

Worn examples are always difficult.

Three species were previously recorded in Singapore.

Zographetus doxus.
Underside ground ocnhreous to chestnut brown.
Male antenna with smaller white area.
UnH with a yellowish discal area and the veins darken.
Marginal band sharper & HW dark cellspot always prominent.
Males.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/ZD_adult_12.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/Zographetus%20doxus%20-%20Sunny%20Chir.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/Zographetus%20doxus%20-%20Terry%20Ong.jpg
Female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/Zographetus%20doxus%20-%20Bene%20Tay.jpg


Zographetus ogygia.
UnH ground colour golden brown to red brown.
Male antenna with larger white area.
UnH uniformly red brown , veins hardly dark & marginal band obscure. HW dark cellspot weak or absent.
Males.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GFVEOFh60ms/WPtr5d1jOaI/AAAAAAAAQ3k/QHlKYsY-jsMptvZ2QLXpx7532egNgx3-wCLcB/s1600/Zogaphetus_sp_01-HoraceTan.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/zographetus-ogygia/
Female.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kryJ8yvgAEU/WPtr_s4xbUI/AAAAAAAAQ3o/vIVZR9qLm046yM0XjmP7bbuqGHRfxkM5gCLcB/s1600/Zogygia-KohCH.jpg


Z. rama
UnH brown, unmarked or obscurely spotted. Presumably extinct.


This image should be male Zographetus doxus.
Salient features.
HW with a yellowish area. This can not be due to wear alone as it is in the correct place.
The veins are strongly darken.
There is indication of a HW dark border.
The antennal white area is relatively small.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you Doctor Seow!

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

I got a few skippers here, but they werent cooperative and flew away after one shot or so. I would wish to get a second opinion from you about their identities as such, however.

1 - P.mathias? I am not super sure how to differentiate Pelopidas assamensis from the rest, seeing as this individual was a bit larger, but not too the point i would call it a out of norm large
Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137002374
28025

2 - P.omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137002365
2802628027

3 - another p.omaha? Appears to have a visible abdominal black band however
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137002354
28028

Skipper activity has fallen significantly from the areas i frequent lately - got to change some family soon

Skipping regards
zicky

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Another few additions i require some help with. Unfortunately my laptop has spoilt so i cant downsie effectively on phone without having the photo looking like puzzle pieces, so ill include the inat links only this time! Apologies for any inconvenience caused.

1 - Telicota besta?
inat link -https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137124720

2 - P.omaha? Was shot against the sun, colours are a bit darken
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137124722

3 - P.mathias/agna? I dont think its borbo cinnara despite the cell spot is missing-i feel like the spot has been rubbed off
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137124724

4 - borbo cinnara? Feel like the spots are more align compared to pelopidas
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137124725

5 - P.conjunctus?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137124728

Thank in advance!
Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 96.

1, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137124720
Male Telicota besta; HW veins raised & dar-lined; Underparts not paler.

2. Male Potanthus omaha.
Abdominal end yellow (basal black line stronger than usual.) Veins darken.

3 Male Parnara bada.

4. Male Borbo cinnara.

Parnara bada.
Short antenna with thick club.
FW no cellspot.
FW subapical spots nearly in a straight line, lower spots 6 & 7 always so.
HWsometimes with a diffuse cellend spot.
HW postdiscal spots very variable, may be much reduced as here.
Singapore examples.
https://i35.photobucket.com/albums/d156/Schir/Sunny-Chir---EOS-1D-Mark-III--17_10_2011--0379.jpg
http://static.inaturalist.org/photos/2464963/large.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93050001.html

Pelopidas.
HW with a cellspot near the base of vein 6.
FW 2 cellspot.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-2zX05Bzipt8/VjSzRVmNkcI/AAAAAAAAOX0/3_bcK2xEQXk/s1600/Pelopidas-agna-agna-%2528Bengal-Swift%2529-01---Horace-Tan.jpg

Borbo cinnara
FW with 0 - 2 cellspots.
FW subapical spots in a neater arc.
Antennal club thicker than in Pelopidas.
HW without cellspot.
HW typically with spots in space 2, 3, & 6. Additional spots may be present in spaces 4 & 5.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jMZu5Yy4Yg0/U5srGBECJPI/AAAAAAAAduM/h_NUjDNPj3M/s1600/FS_adult_Federick_01.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w--ngH74-8s/U1_X9xI6-pI/AAAAAAAAdUw/wYPH5nHDJhc/s1600/FS_adult_flower_01.jpg

28030


5. Male Caltoris philippina.
HW without any spot; sharp narrow FW; black antenna ;greenish ochreous scalings.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

I have shot this lassipa but is unable to check if its a Malayan or a Burmese lascar, i would like to clarify. This is my first observation of it feeding on biden pilosa/alba, which i personally have never seen a forest species lured by a urban garden flower before!

L.tiga?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/137609286
280322803328034

Skipping regards!
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 98.
Lasippa tiga male.
28035

L tiga ;FW submarginal spot 3 2X wider than spot 4 in both sexes. (View horizontally)
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Lasippa%20tiga%20siaka/ML_Horace_01.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/S_pu4x0fP3I/AAAAAAAAGmw/NLT3jMGggZQ/s1600/ML_adult_HenryKoh_c.jpg


L. heliodore. FW submarginal spot 3 & 4 of equal width in male; in female spot 3 is 1.5X wider (View horizontally).
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Lasippa%20heliodore%20dorelia/Burmese%20Lascar%20-%20Horace%20Tan.jpg
Female.
https://www.singapore.biodiversity.online/images/speciesThumbnailImages/high/3fd11e8f-8569-2777-809a-74f7be618cca.jpg

Female on the right.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Lasippa%20heliodore%20dorelia/Lasippa%20heliodore%20dorelia%20(Burmese%20Lasca)% 20-%20Loke.jpg

Biden pilosa is a worldwide weed from S. America.


TL Seow:Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you Doctor Seow for the insightful diagram!

I understand Biden Pilosa is a invasive plant worldwide but i find that butterfly find the flowers very attractive, even if they arent from the native range. Similarly, lassipa and pantoporia dont seem to come out or feed on flower nectar that often. So i find this observation rather interesting.

Regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

some extensive photos today, and i've included inat pics for clearer definition. Its been a while since i ID skipper, so ill like to revisit basics, and i tried to ID them

1 - T.besta
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366715
2805528056

2 - P.serina? i noted the space 4 and 5, but it isnt as big as the typical p.serina
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366707
2804328044

3 - Potanthus trachala
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366712
2804528046

4 - Potanthus, really stuck on this one
inat link-https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366714
2805728058

5 - caltoris.cormasa? faded but i think distinctive
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366699
2804728048

6 - Lassipa.tiga? I noted the "tongue area" on the forewing
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366952
2804928050

The below photo is a assorted allotinus i have shot. While allotinus unicolor is the only surviving one, i do note we have at ;east 6 species, with 5 being extinct. So i would like to seek some general ID guide

1 - Allotinus 1
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366696
28051

2 - allotinus 2
inat link-https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366703
2805228053

3 - a faded allotinus 3
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138366704
28054


Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 101.

1. Telicota linna male.
HW veins are not raised & hardly darken (mostly due to wear.
HW ground colour dark shaded.; abdomen paler
T. linna males.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-79Gj7N-1GXc/Vz1Td5Ld2HI/AAAAAAAAmR4/95Ux0hx6rvQBix7nmXm2PYZenG8olIQ2wCLcB/s1600/TL_male_01.jpg
https://alchetron.com/cdn/telicota-608b9a01-d3cb-4d3a-9827-d591d3395e2-resize-750.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/43609958/large.jpg

T. besta males. HW veins raised & lightly darken; Ground colour barely ddusky.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1rRXJdPYor8/U1t8nyeH4YI/AAAAAAAAdNo/oJS47AHDGVg/s1600/TB_newly_eclosed_male_01.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UaQyq4Qv0Do/U1vGMJpF3JI/AAAAAAAAdOE/AO0B1ysaCfU/s1600/TB_adult_01.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EcRIOq2ivQ8/U1vGYbuSkoI/AAAAAAAAdOU/R4gYL-S-BfY/s1600/TB_adult_male_-04.jpg


2. P serina male; FW spot 4 is 2X larger than spot 5.Abdominal end black-banded.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20serina/Potanthus-serina-Bobby.jpg


3.Potanthus trachala male FW spot 4 & 5 without overlapping the other spots.Abdominal end black-banded.


4.Potanthus omaha female ; Abdominal end yellow; Veins lightly dark; dull colour.

[Psyche]

Post 101.

5. Caltoris malaya male.
pale area on antenna weak.
Spots reduced ; no FW cellspot.
More uniform between FW & HW colour. In C. cormasa HW is often much deeper in colour.
C. malaya male.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sEtiy2_aXPw/VuQNuFHClTI/AAAAAAAAlxk/1ZAVSaa3sNULjITw5j0yRqTJiYlDXDGVg/s1600/CM_adult_02.jpg


6. Lasippa tiga male.
The tongue spot have an accuracy of about 70 %.
The submarginal spots are merged into a continuous band hre.
Note in space 3, it is 2X wider than the rest of the band above it.

[Psyche]

Post 101.
7. All three are Allotinus unicolor female.

A 2nd species common in P. Malaysia may still exist perhaps in P. Ubin or Tekong.
This is A. horsfieldi.

A. uniclor HW postdiscal spot 6 large rounded & set inside of spot 7.
FW postdiscal spots not dislocated.
Male & female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/2532145/large.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Allotinus%20unicolor%20unicolor/Lesser%20Darkie%20-%202%20-%20Ellen%20Tan.jpg

Allotinus horsfieldi.
Ground colour light buff & markings pale brown.
FW postdiscal spots dislocated in the middle.
HW spot 6 oblong or curved tuck under spot 7.
Female with broad-based teeth on the HW.
Male & female.
https://a4.pbase.com/o6/25/686825/1/132321409.vm9lPhG1.AllotinusParagerydusleogoronleo goron.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Allotinus-horsfieldi-permagnus.jpg


28059



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you for the detailed explanation doctor Seow! was feeling confident about the c.cormasa and t.besta but opps!

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,
i have one skipper i shot at lornie PCN would like a opinion of, i notice there isnt a cellspot and the hindwing dot arrangement is kind of in a arc

inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140488062

Thinking of borbo cinnara, would that be right?


skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 106.

This is a typical male Borbo cinnara.

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

I have a couple of skippers, and i require some opinions. The phone photo quality is unusable after downgrading so i will use inat links.

1 - pelopidas species
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140859028
I notice the subapical spot isnt really like a arc in borbo cinnara, so i decided it is a pelopidas, yet there isnt a cell spot. would like some opinions

2 - caltoris cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/140859022

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 108.

1, Male Borbo cinnara.
Just the fact that the HW postdiscal spots are in space 2, 3, & 6 plus the lack of a HW cellspot is a certainty this is B. cinnara.
The three subapical spots are in an arc (ie a semicircle or curve).
Compare the three males.

Borbo cinnara.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jMZu5Yy4Yg0/U5srGBECJPI/AAAAAAAAduM/h_NUjDNPj3M/s1600/FS_adult_Federick_01.jpg

Pelopidas mathias.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NQjrfm7_wKc/VLKJc4Ocs5I/AAAAAAAAf0o/TWF0cOhFUMI/s1600/SBS_adult_Benedict_01.jpg

Parnara bada. Subapical spots 6 & 7 in line, spot 8 slightly off or absent.
https://d29tlldvxtis6c.cloudfront.net/full/_1240820-parnarabada--0agreyorceylonswift8393.jpg



2. Likely Caltoris bromus male.
Subapical spots two, rounded.
FW & HW of similar tone.

Compare male Caltoris cormasa.
FW subapical spots often three & small.
HW darker & deeper with dark mottling, than the FW.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TjKxWVHrQmg/VGbOal2gmXI/AAAAAAAAfZE/UXtIkUB2kE0/s1600/CC_adult_CherHern_01.jpg
http://www.natureloveyou.sg/Minibeast-Butterfly/Skipper_Caltoris%20cormasa/P1110035%20(20).jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I3Q8EsOFIHI/VGQJs3DC9tI/AAAAAAAAfXk/VvOl7fB3Mx8/s1600/CC_adult_Benjamin_01.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-c7t4k7FNWto/VAmxnaf6kHI/AAAAAAAAP84/mzvRAqFZVxo/s1600/HFH_3719-Caltoris%2Bcormasa.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Ive shot this skipper at sembawang, which seems faded and i have a hunch is a pelopidas species, would like some opinions. I included various open wing and close wing shot in the inat link

inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/141510935

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 110.
Pelopidas agna male.

You are right it is Pelopidas even though the HW cellspot is absent.
There are faint small spots in HW space 2, 3, 4, & 6.
On the underside FW spot 2 is rectangular, & there is a black line running from it obliquely down.
This is brand mark only seen in Pelopidas. (the brand is actually on the upperside.)
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/242450875/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/242450922/large.jpg

Pelopidas male FW underside.
28105
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/190279391/large.jpg


There are examples of P. mathias & agna without the HW cellspot.
P. mathias male.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/218464101/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/202898838/large.jpg
P. agna male.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/207938449/large.jpg

Borbo cinnara can look similar.
HW spots 2 ,3, & 6 always large; FW subapical spots set in a deeper arc; antennal club thicker.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jMZu5Yy4Yg0/U5srGBECJPI/AAAAAAAAduM/h_NUjDNPj3M/s1600/FS_adult_Federick_01.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Borbo%20cinnara%20cinnara/FS_adult_female_01.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KaVjdL_FAME/U152N_2DObI/AAAAAAAAdUc/5BJKeJq6wCY/s1600/FS_adult_Khew_01.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/202658984/large.jpeg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Before i started using this forum account, i shot before a glassy tiger at pulau ubin, which i feel like didnt seem like the usual dark glassy or blue glassy tiger. I would like to hear ur opinion. Ive only got one phone photo, and they are too fast for the cameras. Given it was at ubin, i was thinking it could be something unusual, it feels like a Ideopsis similis, but also feels too patchy? I would like to hear your valued input

inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142430461

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 112.

You found a new species for Singapore.
Ideopsis similis persimilis.

The name Blue Glassy Tiger was originally given for this species.
It used to range over most of India to S. E. Asia mainland.
Even 20 years ago it have made its way south to Selangor in P. Malaysia.
It seems a matter of time before it reaches Singapore.

It is a larger species with larger & more rounded blue spots.
It looks spectacular in the sun ,being large & bright blue, unlike I. vulgaris which is duskier.
H. K.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/12494034/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/2248084/medium.JPG
Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Ideopsis-similis-1.jpg
K. L. 2018.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/31410447/large.jpeg


Ideopsis vulgaris macrina for comparison.
http://www.fotowinti.ch/Schmetterlinge/Nymphalidae/Danainae/arles_gallery/images/Ideopsis%20vulgaris%20macrina%203.JPG
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/TEHjQQ6FptI/AAAAAAAAHcU/kwwCUjinqjA/s1600/BGT_adult_01.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

WOOHOO!!!!!! Thanks Doctor Seow!!

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

I have a couple of skippers again, which i would like to give a try

1 - Parnara species? Or borbo cinnara, i note the forewing submarginal spots seems to be in a straight line
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142898458

2 - Polytremis lubricans
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142898456

3 - caltoris species?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142898838

4 - i suppose its also a caltoris, but its a one shot wonder, or pemera?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142898845

5 - another caltoris?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142668961

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 115.

1. Parnara bada. Note also short antenna with thick club.

2. Polytremis lubricans. Note colour & shape of HW spot 4.

3. Probably Pe;opidas conjunctus male. Variant with reduced spots.
There is a HW cellspot; in the correct spot ,so can not be an artifact ie injury mark, etc.
Deep brown colour suggest P. conjunctus.
https://wanderingbutterflyeffect.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/6a0100a801ee89000e0110162468f1860b.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FvDO3Lfw_To/VwiMznz4M2I/AAAAAAAAmCc/nvyGYR91VEIRPMXu_8UtbWohigle6IdhQ/s1600/PC_adult_Khew_03.jpg

4.Uncertain. The shape is as in Caltoris philippina but the colour is wrong & there is an upper cellspot.
C. philippina male.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dUpUIge8ARc/VVgQs0A2W2I/AAAAAAAAhcE/G5GhTdkiJzY/s1600/CP_adult_field_male_01.jpg

Could it be another Caltoris. No other have this narrow shape.

Could it be Baoris . Never seen one so distorted.
Baoris farri male.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/itchydogimages/7863317448


5. Probaly Caltoris bromus female.
C. cormasa always have the subapical spots small.
FW & HW of the same colour tone.
Female C. bromus.
http://woxiong.butterfly-photo.com/displayimage.php?pid=1261

C. cormasa female.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2caxXSexYr0/VMOML1IwF_I/AAAAAAAATvE/QsdxJABXW6o/s1600/DSC_0108.JPG


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

I kindly request this identification for what i suspect is Zographetus species, Zographetus ogygia. The photo credit goes to Nicholas, with his remarkable and outstanding photography.

links - https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10222251268814188&set=a.10218814794224471
https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10222251267894165&set=a.10218814794224471
28131
just in case the link fails

Here are two links to observe the butterfly

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 117.

When it becomes very worn as here the appearance can be confusing.
Although the HW have a reddish tone the overall markings are closer to Z. doxus.
I would put it this is more likely to be Z. doxus male.

Z. doxus generally ochreous although it can be reddish.
HW with a yellow discal area.
HW brown border more defined.
Veins in the outer zone strongly darken.
Reddish males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/19802981/large.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mSeLOW7grSE/YNsgMn1Z8vI/AAAAAAAAuMk/Qfl9QeIM-P00dn8mEzENGwN_vQidKpDcwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2000/KMY_DSC_7230.jpg
Typical males.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/Zographetus%20doxus%20-%20Sunny%20Chir.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/149360593/large.jpeg
Females.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Zographetus%20doxus/Zographetus%20doxus%20-%20Bene%20Tay.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/220633603/large.jpeg


Z. ogygia.
HYW more uniform redbrown to golden brown.
Veins hardly darken.
No yellow area, & brown border diffuse.
Males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/21928412/large.jpeg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/7724631/large.jpeg
Females.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kryJ8yvgAEU/WPtr_s4xbUI/AAAAAAAAQ3o/vIVZR9qLm046yM0XjmP7bbuqGHRfxkM5gCLcB/s1600/Zogygia-KohCH.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/161032295/large.jpeg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,
I was scrolling through forums and was reading the ID features for amathusia species, would this, based on the notched 4th brown bae in between the veins, be a bicolor palm king?
Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143724495

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 119.

Yes. This would be Amathusia friderici.
Since it feeds on the common oil palm it is not rare in P. Ubin.

The other species of Amathusia are very similar & difficult to separate..

A. binghami looks very similar ,the median band is broad & more reddish. The upperside with more dusky orange markings.
https://www.pbase.com/lcgoh/image/155684525

A. masina is deep reddish brown ,the paler postdiscal band is also solid, without a colour break in the middle of the band.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/35789390/large.jpg


Amathusia perakana have the HW 4th band often completely broken , with separated spots.
In addition the male have sharper FWs.
Males.
https://farm1.staticflickr.com/618/21566964039_b2ac383a60_b.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Amathusia-perakana.jpg

The recent observation from Kent Ridge is definitely not A. phidippus.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/245837502/large.jpeg
It looks like a female A. perakana.
The FW is not sharp as in the male.
However, there are examples of A friderici from Ubin having the HW 4th band very narrow & broken.
So it is uncertain whether this is A.perakana or friderici.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

i was looking through inat and i realise there are two species of white tipped skipper,Erionota hiraca and Erionota acroleuca. Do you know what are the differences or why is there a species shift which i may have missed out?

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 121.

As often in taxonomy there are a lot of shifts & turns, & this one have a fair bit.

1881 Wood-Mason & De Niceville described taxon acroleucus from the Andamans.

In the same year (1881) Moore also described a male as hiraca from the Andamans.

de Jong & Treadaway in 1992 thought Moore', name have priority, but this was later proven wrong by later researchers.

Thus the correct name would have been Erionota acrolueca (gender shift to feminine gender).Synonym hiraca.


Semper described taxon apex from Luzon, Philippines in 1892.
This was considered a subspecies of acroleuca.
This taxon apex was applied to all the forms in SE Asia.
Evans described taxon apicalis from Bassein ,Myanmar in 1932, & this name falls as a synonym of apex.

de Jong & Treadaway 1992 judged taxon apex to be distinct & different from the mainland population, elevating it to a new species.

The population in SE Asia is given the next available name ,ie Evans' apicalis.
Thus the population from SE Asia becomes Erionota acroleuca apicalis.


Some researchers also suggest the mainland population (taxon apicalis ) is different from that in the Andamans (taxon acroleuca.).
Thus the current situation if verified by DNA analysis.

1. Erionota acroleuca (= hiraca ). Andamans.
Note HW patch is very broad.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/95_5161-619-552353c185ca6-1.jpg


2. Erionota apicalis SE. Asia including NE India.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92340010.html
As E. apex following Evans' 1946 revision.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/1213_55526-69-5ea65cfabb545-1_0.jpg
Cambodia.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/83933113/medium.jpg


3. Erionota apex. Phillipines.



Currently here, this is best left as Erionota acroleuca apicalis unless later research into genetics prove otherwise.


TL Seow:Cheers.
PS. Note taxon = taxonomic name.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

i have a few skipper i would like confirmation for.

1 - P.omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144145310

2 - P.omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144145286

3 - telicota colon?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143486761

4 - telicota besta?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143486729

thats all

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 123.

1. Potanthus trachala. male.
FW spot 4 7 5 no overlap.

2. Potanthus omaha. male

3. Telicota besta female.
HW veins lightly dark-dusted.

4. Telicota linna female.
HW veins not dark dusted.


TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Another few skippers!

1 - pelopidas mathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144291328

2 - borbo cinnara?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144291326

3 - oriens gola?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144291330

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 125.

1. Pelopidas mathias.
Dirty shaded look.

2,. Pelopidas agna.
There is a HW cellspot. Clean look.

3. Oriens gola.

TL Seow ;Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Belated Merry Christmas! i had a amazing day shooting butterflies on the eve and Christmas itself. And, in the spirit of holiday, i decided to go the extra mile to shoot a couple more skippers, while also revising some of my older observation, and i require some assistance on ID. A lot of one shot one angle wonders

1 - potanthus omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145098926

2 - male quedara monteithi?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145098919

3 - Ampittia dioscorides?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145045544

4 - caltoris cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145045515

5 - caltoris cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145045513

6 - caltoris cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144349293

7 - pelopidas mathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144526146

8 - p.mingo?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144847300

9 - p.serina?or mingo?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144845654

10-i have no clue!
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/115727903


A wee bit heavier post today, gladly appreciate any directions as well!
Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 127.

1. Potanthus ganda.male.
4th pic. abdominal end yellow; HW veins not darken.

2. Baoris oceia;male Dark antenna; FW with a crescent upper cellspot, & 2 small subapical spot.

3. Ampittia dioscorides.

4. Probably male Caltoris bromus.Two subapical spot; one largish upper cellspot ;Lack of reddish scalings.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/20930036/large.jpg

5. Polytremis lubricans male.
Antenna with whitish at tip, followed by blackish band.

6. Caltoris malaya male.
Antenna club dark; No upper cellspot; subapical spots rdeuced FW& HW more even coloured.

7. Pelopidas agna male.
4th & 5th pix shows more uniform brown without smudges.

[Psyche]

Post 127.

8. Potanthus juno female.

P. juno; FW two subapical spots 6 & 7. Spot 8 absent or sometimes vestigial; Abdominal end darkish.FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4.
Thailand male.
http://www.samuibutterflies.com/insects/butterflies/hesperidae/potanthusjunojuno/
Singapore male & female.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eLxO6Cqrl-k/Tv3BPqqdcTI/AAAAAAAAFIw/5qD_fJxEnpw/s400/DSC3668%2BSkipper%2B%2540%2BBukit%2BBrown.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WroJpPq0U5g/WGddN4VeO8I/AAAAAAAAQQk/yLDmI309uw8nDMBP_wvQFzx7edYEtR6IACLcB/s1600/JunoDart-KohCH.jpg

9. Potanthus serina male.
Large; FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4; UnH brown shaded; HW band with small spot 6 at upper inner corner.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20serina/Potanthus-serina-Bobby.jpg

10. Potanthus mingo female.
Resembles P. omaha but abdominal end black, UnH with heavy dark shading.
Male.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg
Female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/41050607/large.jpg


TL Seow:Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you for the detailed explanation Doctor Seow

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

I am reading the older post about amathusia, and i believe a few observation on inat in Singapore is not the usual Amathusia Phidipus

1 - inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145351952
The 4th banding seems like the usual A.phidipus,but the submarginal line seems very wavy? This does not seem to appear for other A.phidipus. This specimen seem to be very large as well

2 - inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143352856
This is without a doubt NOT a A.phidipus, thats the conclusion i arrive, possibly A.perakana?

3 - inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120118817
The notching seems a bit more subtle here, but i think this isnt A.phidipus?

4 - inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99351622
this seems also a little fishy as well

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 131.

This has been delt with before.
Firstly it is not wise to take pix from butterfly houses as they usually contains forms not native ,the pupae having been traded around.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50320001.html

These are the typical forms of Amathusia phidippus in Singapore.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/1b/40/70/1b4070a792c634a63fea69cdc32a9444.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Amathusia%20phidippus%20phidippus/Palm%20King%20-%20Nelson%20Ong.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_yzw2AzY2du4/SjD6sK1Vx7I/AAAAAAAACzk/TU5AjJvVyds/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/Palm-King-KSK.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Hav5T1qiByE/XoBWo8tgImI/AAAAAAAAYh4/eY0nqY42Q_UfmWTnZVbBC2sS3_UOR5SZwCLcBGAsYHQ/s450/PalmKing-KSK3a.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VdnOa2HvzpY/XoBBBJ1CZfI/AAAAAAAAYfI/9MZQd18vc3QmB2_AHfTnU8RwOdng8w2ZACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/PalmKing-LMY.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/111121642/large.jpg
https://singapore.biodiversity.online/species/A-Arth-Hexa-Lepidoptera-000251

Sumatra
https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/my451r/6plRHAQd-1614223041426.jpg
Java.
https://www.jungledragon.com/image/71849/palm_king_butterfly_amathusia_phidippus_.html/zoom


It is best to leave these three as phidippus for the moment.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/99351622
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/120118817
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/145351952



Amathusia friderici generally have more notching of the HW 4th band.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50330010.html
Thailand.
http://paro6.dnp.go.th/paro6_royal_project/Web%20Butterflies%20%20hara%20Bala/Butterflies%20pages/Picture/Amathusii/Malay%20palmking.jpg
Singapore.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9CfpPXDeuHc/XCiOH6gIM1I/AAAAAAAAVDc/hvWTARxEhKYXxitcZ8VQG398Vz8L6EynQCLcBGAs/s1600/Bicolor-haired%2BPalmking-JonS.jpg
P.Malaysia Cameron Highland.
https://livedoor.blogimg.jp/beyondnostalgia/imgs/1/a/1ac1126b.jpg
https://livedoor.blogimg.jp/beyondnostalgia/imgs/b/1/b1b51ce5.jpg

Amathusia perakana.
HW 4th band is broken into spots; FW in male sharply acute.
https://farm1.staticflickr.com/618/21566964039_b2ac383a60_b.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Amathusia-perakana.jpg
I have no idea if the female have similar FWs.
Added :?Female A. perakana Sarawak.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/55167472/large.jpg


https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/143352856
This may just be a form ofAmathusia friderici.
It could just possibly be a female A. perakana.
A shot of a male is needed to prove the existence of A. perakana.

Note.
A. perakana male have only vague UpF orange band & UnH 4th band always broken.
This should be Amathusia binghami.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/ama/50370001.html



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Happy new year, i brought a new nikon camera and i am now able to shoot from a further distance away. I would like to hear your opinions on the following.

1 - Lasippa tiga?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146024170

2 - abisara sp
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146024159

3 - taxila harquinus?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146024154

4 - hidari irava? One shot wonders, sadly no other angles
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146024146

5 - miletus sp
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146024126

a newfound camera has now provided me the reach i so badly needed in the past. Guess i will have more observation in the future!

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 133.

1. Lasippa tiga typical.

2. Abisara geza . HW tornal spots are rounded.

3. Taxila haquinus. FW subapical zone marked by diffuse streaks.

4. Hidari irava. Dark dpots on HW. resolution poor.

5. Miletus biggsii.

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Another exciting day of skippers

1 - prominent black band, disconnected fw space 4 and 5, is this P.trachala? or p.mingo?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146109283

2 - Pelopidas mathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146109284

3 - Pelopidas mathias?
inat link -https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146109278

4 - Pelipidas or telicota? I am not sure why i am so dumbstruck by this one
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146109285

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 135.

1. Potanthus trachala male.

2. Pelopidas mathias female . Strong grey tinged.

3.https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146109278
Pelopidas mathias sex unknown.

4. This sort of single view is very difficult.
Female Potanthus probably P. omaha.

Telicota 'FW subapical spots joined to the costal & cell stripes.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/622_48773-3-5ded3d25428ab-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/83_78545-908-600fc7ca1d434-1.jpg

Potanthus; FW subapical spots well separated from the costal & cellstripes.
Male & female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Potanthus%20spp.%20_1665090995_236299.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Potanthus%20spp.%20_1665190495_236702.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

This recent observation of a amathusia is not a A.phidippus to me, and i would like to hear your opinions given that the wing has the notch features as u mention previously.

Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146107976

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 137.

I would think it is more likely to be A. friderici.

However, I won't push for it as there is a gradation of the intermediates between them.
It is much like the difference between Mycalesis visala & perseoides, Ypthima baldus& horsfieldi & many more.

If someone could make a collection of the Palm Kings in Pulau Ubin, where the friderici form is common, the picture would be clearer.


TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Here are some tricky skipper which are not in pristine condition and i only manage a few shots, i would like to hear ur opinions

1 - caltoris cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146521574

2 - i really have no clue but it seems rather pelopidas
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146521576

3 - potanthus omaha? seems a bit funny
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146599723

4 - erionota torus? more rounded forewing edges
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146599750

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 139

1. Caltoris cormasa. Deeper redder HW, paler FW.

2. Baoris probably B. oceia. Uniform grey brown. reduced spots.

3. Female Potanthus omaha.veins all dark.

4. Male Erionota torus. convex FW margin.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Vhinese new year is around the corner, so happy chinese new year! I took the eve to revisit mandai, a place close to home that spark the many interest in skippers. So as a "homecoming", i have a couple of skipper i would like ur opinion of

1 - telicota species, i am not sure of this one
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147009698

2 - contigious swift? the spots seems a bit weird, but it flew fast and out of reach
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147009713

3 - dark banded ace
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147009732

4 - contigious swift
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147009733

5 - large dart
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147009734

6 - pelopidas? or borbo?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147009736

7 - besta palm dart?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147009741

Skipping regards and Happy chinese new year!!
Zicky

[Psyche]

Firstly, Happy Chinese New Year to all celebrating it.

Post 141.
I amm afraid your images are getting smaller than when you are using your handphone.

1. Potanthus ?omaha.
The distortion causes the spots to appear close together.
The abdominal end is yellow (No Telicota has that.).

2. Caltoris comarsa
The antennae have prominent pale area.
FW cell only a small lower cellspot.

3 Halpe ormenes.
A 2nd recorded species, Halpe elana have narrow yellow band. It is extinct.

4. Polytremis lubricans.
From the antenna & the ochreous colour.

5. Potanthus serina.
Abdominal end black-banded; UnH brown shaded, spot 6 small; UnF spot 5 smaller than spot 4.

6. Baoris female probably B. farri.
UnH no spots ;Antennae black. longer profile shape, ochroeus brown.


7. Male Telicota colon.
Note FW spots 3, 4, & 5 are all staggered outwards.



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Yes, my image has gotten quite smaller, i do notice that as well. I didnt afford a macro lens for the camera so im using a 50mm to 250mm lens to shoot, and thus i cant really get some very close images at some time. I will crop accordingly next time to make it easier to view. I do however, find the ability to shoot from a further distance much more valuable that i can get some species that do not permit me to shoot from a close distance

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

I have shot some skipper, and i tried to make my image a wee bit bigger through more zooming in, would like to hear ur opinions.

1 - Caltoris cormasa
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147600346

2 - potanthus omaha? but unusually small, small as a Taractrocera archias
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147600337

3 - pelopidas mathias
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147600332

4 - pelopidas mathias
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147600298

a few attempt to improve the shots

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 144.

1. Caltoris cormasamale.
Typical . reddish tone ;pale area on antennae.

2. Female Potanthus omaha
Antennae as for Potanthus.

3, & 4,Pelopidas mathias males.
Typical with irregular & grey shadings.


TL Seow: CHeers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

I am much more unlucky today, got some far shots of some skippers only, would like to ask for IDs

1 - telicota or potanthus? Theres a black band at the abdomen end, yet the wing suggest something like a potanthus
inat link https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147818038

2-P.omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147818017

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 146.

1 Female Potanthus trachala.
There is a HW spot 7 (only seen in Potanthus). FW spots 4 & 5 detached.

2. Male Potanthus omaha.
The abdominal end is yellow although there is a stronger black line than usual.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

the syzygium tree has flowered at dairy farm, so i took the opportunity to skip school and shoot some butterfly. I hereby need some help, though the shots might be less than desirable

1 - Hasora chromus or Hasora vitta?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148255264

2 - mystery skipper
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148255260

3 - a diff mystery skipper
inat link-https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148255241

4 - Deudorix epijarbas or Deudorix staudingeri?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148255249

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 148.
No. 1.
Hasora chromus.

It seem we may have mixed up the species in the past.
They are very variable & it is difficult to fit the descriptions of Evans & Eliots together.



Hasora vitta vitta.

1. FW always with a yellow subapical spot 6.
2. HW ground colour pale slatey green/blue, distally purple brown, ie. two-toned.
3. HW band at least 2mm wide, outer margin diffuse , inner margin regular, or both regular.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/200926130/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/200964783/large.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/173827373/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/122515255/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/95990479/large.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90250001.html



Hasora chromus chromus.
1. FW almost always without a spot 6 in the male, but often present in the female.
2. Ground colour uniform pale purplish brown.
3. HW band usually less than 2mm, outwardly diffuse, inner margin with small shallow notches.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/47004069/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/11279438/original.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/133508855/large.jpeg
Females 2nd pix onwards with FW spot 6.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/139184177/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/85777232/large.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Hasora%20chromus%20chromus/HC_adult_female_03x.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Hasora%20chromus%20chromus/Common%20Banded%20Awl%20-%20Khew.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90210001.html


Hasora malayana/ or as H.taminatus malayana.
1. FW always without a spot 6.
2 Ground colour steely blue or green basally/ deep purple brown.
3HW white band typically narrow. with irregular margins.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/178862516/large.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/220299676/large.jpeg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90220010.html

[Psyche]

Post 148.

No. 2. Caltoris malaya female.

FW no cellspot, rounded FWs.
Only two Caltoris species have the FW without cellspot.
The other is C. philippina. which is greenish ochreous.

No. 4.
Deudorix epijarbas.
FW postdiscal white striae on the band stronger over the dark striae.

[Psyche]

Post 148.
Permara pugnans
Note all black downturned antennal clubs.

28175
In the 2nd pic the black smudges around yellow spots can be seen.

Usually recognised by its granular appearance, but the resolution is not high enough.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/showbutterfly/268



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

I pass by this interesting observation on inat which i aint too sure what it is, i would like to hear your opinion! It has short stubby antenna, which it caught my eyes

inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/149462008

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 152.

Parnara bada.

P. bada is recognised by its short antennae & thick stubby clubs.
The underside spots are very variable, small & often much reduced.

The main spot here is in space 3, a faint one in space 2 & a dark smudge in space 4.

Examples.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnara_bada#/media/File:Parnara_bada-Kadavoor-2016-09-09-001.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/budak/51925620691


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

The recent weather is horrible for any form of butterflies, but great for shooting Leptosia nina
I did manage to shoot this tajuria today. What are your opinions of this tajuria?

28193
28194
28195

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 154.

Male Tajuria deudorix ingeni.
You can see the postdiscal band/line in space 3 is very straight & fully detached.
The postdiscal 'V' in space 1b is very shallow.
The shorter palpi indicate a male.


Male.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Tajuria%20deudorix%20ingeni/Tajuria_deudorix_male__03800x.jpg
Female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Tajuria%20deudorix%20ingeni/Tajuria_deudorix.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thanks for the ID Doctor Seow!

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Someone recently posted this eggfly, would this be a great eggfly or danaid eggfly?

28196

I am really confuse by the bigger egg like spot on the upperside

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 157.

Male Hypolimnas bolina.

The two species can be confused mainly because in photos some examples of H. bolina seem to have large spots.


Hypolimnas bolina.
Male
1. Apical spots two rarely some extra white shadings.
2. FW discal white patch comprise three main spots, sometimes some additional white shadings.
3. HW discal white patch small ,its inner border only near the origins (bifurcation) of veins 3 & 4.
4. Underside HW white band narrow, no black bar in space 7.
Males.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Z3LwDsdXa1k/X0JSZSEfQHI/AAAAAAAAZmw/y-JIPkbdpNoRl5hCX06exmLKqacSexCowCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/GreatEggflyM-KSK2.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fnKRZc_f6fo/X0JUVCvCOtI/AAAAAAAAZnM/h2XACnbCohACW9yCnkOJH6iQUUFGmQkAACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/JacinthaEggflyM-KSK.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/HypolimnasBolina_HemantOgale_ah310.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Hypolimnas%20bolina%20jacintha_1664869269_235327.j pg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/223705286/large.jpeg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-VzYJLSe4VhM/X0JcObiVAAI/AAAAAAAAZn8/vXxhHf9qT5A0wZ912FIZzC2XhDTX2OBhgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/DSC_1148.jpg
Underside; HW narrow white band, no black bar.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ypHe_TkoYs0/X0JdgasvKkI/AAAAAAAAZoQ/4ITfY7xlwzoMImvGd_IN6IdxVKy6fsJVgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/DSC_1173.jpg


Hypolimnas misippus.
Male.
1. FW with three apical spots.
2. FW discal white patch comprise five distinct spots.
3. HW white discal patch large extending well beyond the common origin of veins 3 & 4.
4. Underside HW broad white band with a black bar in space 7.
Males.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Hypolimnas%20misippus%20misippus/danaideggfly3%20-%20james%20chia.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/101015271/large.jpeg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/181275287/large.jpeg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oogGzRNd8a0/X0JegYZoOLI/AAAAAAAAZok/WVDLUWKqP147A4pIC9Ge7cDqVkvNk8OjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/DanaidEggfly-NelsonO2.jpg

28197

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

A couple of butterfly i require confirmation

1 - pelopidas mathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/151580313

2 - Eurema simulatrix?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/151580267

3 - potanthus with a black band on its end
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/151580250

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 159.

1. Borbo cinnara.
Note HW spots 2, 3, & 6; no cellspot; antennal club thick.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jMZu5Yy4Yg0/U5srGBECJPI/AAAAAAAAduM/h_NUjDNPj3M/s1600/FS_adult_Federick_01.jpg

2.Eurema simulatrix.
FW two cellspot; HW spot 7rectangular; HW space 7 base with a black spot.
FW apical patch broken by diffuse yellow spots is characteristic..
Spot at the base of HW space 7 ( absent.in this example.)
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zo9jTh6k8vY/WbqWvwNakBI/AAAAAAAARvE/wcwtRW7SMl8TgcF_LG4go5cZ-2KAM6ZZACLcBGAs/s1600/ForestGrassYellow-JonS.jpg


3. Potanthus probably E. omaha.
Black band at abdominal end too narrow to be P. mingo.

Typical P. omaha.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/165828972/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/253991849/large.jpg
Female have some dark shading at abdominal end.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/253377406/large.jpg

P. ganda male.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/131869696

P. trachala males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/174674473/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/241954816/large.jpg

P. serina male & female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/253351086/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/24610311/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/30812213/large.jpeg

P. mingo males.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/165829272/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/172771243/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/261345228/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/152680841/large.jpeg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Had a hiring long hike today, with a couple of skippers to look for. Decided to retry using my skippers ID i learnt so far

1 - pelopidas sp? Hindwing cellspot is at the hindwing, though spots at space 6,7 and 8 seem to be a little in a arc like borbo
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152367156

2 - telicota sp. it isnt T.colon or T.besta, so its either T.auguis or T.linna - though im not confident which
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152367113

3 - Ancistroides nigrita?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152367153

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 161.

1. Pelopidas mathias male.
Underside with irregular shading, or often strongly grey tinged.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/222090206/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/249916768/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/250966339/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/262053964/large.jpg

Pelopidas agna.
Underside uniformly brown/ochreous without irregular shading.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/207938449/original.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/243322529/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/253350402/large.jpg

Borbo cinnara; HW without cellspot; usually 3 spots in space 2, 3, & 6 ; FW subapical spots more in a semicircle; antennal club thicker.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/234131704/large.jpeg


2. Telicota besta male.
UnH with the veins lighly darken & often strongly raised.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/250444543/large.jpg

Telicota colon.
FW spots 3, 4, & 5 staggered out upwards.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/240471588/large.jpg

Telicota linna.
HW veins not darken or raised; ground dusky.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/249769260/large.jpeg

Telicota augias.
Uniform deeper orange HW veins not dark; face not whitish.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/47005337/large.jpg


3. Ancistroides nigrita.
Spotless; rounded wings; pale diffuse fasciae in the marginal zone.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/ancistroides-nigrita/


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow

This bushbrown was ID as Mycalesis horsfieldi on inat, i would like to hear your opinion

Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154059274

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 163.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/154059274

Mycalesis perseoides.
The view is bit oblique & less clear.

There is still confusion among the Mycalesis species.
28235
Mycalesis perseoides.
White striae around the spots usually enhanced.
HW 'indentation orregular & jagged.
Dark discal line irregular with 3-4 teeth.
Typical.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jx3Ps1jjyS0/UlLg4HEOu3I/AAAAAAAAaQA/c0HyDLtct0w/s1600/MPP_adult_03Y.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20perseoides%20perseoides/Mycalesis-perseoides%20-%20Khew.jpg
Less typical.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/budak/52268896510/

Mycalesis visala.
White striae around ocelli strongly enhanced.
FW spot 2 always large.
HW indentaion more regualr .
Dark discal line regular ,slightly toothed.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20visala%20phamis/Long%20Brand%20Bush%20Brown%20-%20Tan%20Ben%20Jin.jpg
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/265865165/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/262755209/large.jpeg
Probably with a hybrid element with perseoides.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/262989922/large.jpeg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20visala%20phamis/Long%20Brand%20Bush%20Brown%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg

Mycalesis horsfieldi.
Ocelli typically small & may be well separated.
Striae may be partially enhanced & marginal ground may be white shaded.
HW dark discal line not strongly toothed as in perseoides.
Borneo.
https://www.jamiun.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IMG_5715watermarksmall.jpg
Sumatra.
https://rimba-ecoproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Mycalesis-horsfieldi-hermana-obs-2.jpg
Java
https://www.jungledragon.com/image/110871/horsfields_bush_brown_butterfly_mycalesis_horsfiel di.html
Tioman.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/8340904/large.jpg

Mycalesis mineus.
White striae around ocelli not enhanced.
FW spot 2 alway large.
HW indentation V-shaped.
Last 4 ocelli in line.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20mineus%20macromalayana/MM_adult_LC.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/265714388/large.jpg

Mycalesis perseus.
White striae around ocelly thin.
HW 'indentation' a deep bowl with the ocelli in an arc.
HW last 4 ocelli strongly out of line.
FW spots often in a similar arc.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Mycalesis%20perseus%20cepheus/Dingy%20Bush%20Brown%20-%202%20-%20James%20Chia.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/257090013/large.jpeg

M. horsfieldi is very rare in P. Malaysia except Johore east coast & Tioman, so possibly may be present in P. Tekong.


TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Here are two skippers that i require some assistance

1 - caltoris species
link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155734359

2 - this was bigger than the usual caltoris cormasa for size visualisation. baoris?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155734367

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 165.


2. Baoris probably B. oceia.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155734367
HW with a pale cellend mark. (Not always visible.)
HW veins raised.
Antennae dark.
Abdomen banded.
FW with reduced spots ie only two subapical spots suggesting oceia.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EtcxesbOyIk/VdHf7WDSv0I/AAAAAAAAjYY/IRs74NSEqSo/s1600/Baoris_farri_newly_eclosed_01.jpg


1 Baoris probably B. oceia .
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/155734359
UnF left with a pale area below the large spot 3.
Antennae dark.
See female from Chiang Mai.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93210001.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Its been a while since i asked for skippers and ive gotten a bit lazy i suppose, so i decided to revisit some older observation on inat

1 - Pelopidas?
inat link https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/165707619

2 - Pelopidas mathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/166573897

3 - clueless on this one
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/167853499

skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 167.

1. Pelopidas agna.
Underside ground colour more uniform brown.


2. Pelopidas mathias.
Ground heavily grey-tinged & dark shaded.


3. Unknown.
Pale area on antennae suggest Caltoris & underside suggest C. malaya female.
small white spot at base of antennal tip does not match anything.
C. malaya female.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1oLoYzhVinM/VuQNmGqtVYI/AAAAAAAAlxc/AGELMc8jRC8WiTc2KpVTN5OYxeznX9TLA/s1600/CM_adult_04.jpg


TL Seow; Cheers.

[Psyche]

Post 167 no. 3.

The antenna with a pale area & a white spot below a blackish tip match this species in the same camera angle.
Caltoris brunnea.
Rare & would be confused with Caltoris bromus.
Phuket.
http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Pages/thumbnailpopup.php?z=http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Images/Skippers%20800/Dark%20Branded%20Swift%20-%20ssp%20caere%2004%20-%20Baan%20Maka.jpg&width=800&height=600&title=Dark%20Branded%20Swift%20-%20ssp%20caere%20%20-%20Baan%20Maka

Other views. Note first two views in which the HW have a white dot is likely C. bromus.
http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Pages/iframephotos.php?level=tribe&choice=61100300550&ordername=Hesperioidea&orderid=61&familyname=Hesperiidae&familyid=6110&subfamilyname=Hesperiinae&subfamilyid=6110030&tribename=Caltoris

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93260010.html



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Thank you Doctor Seow!

for post 3 the skipper was found rather deep inside a primary forest, so i couldnt really get good angles. Lets hope i see it again!

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Thank you Doctor Seow!

for post 3 the skipper was found rather deep inside a primary forest, so i couldnt really get good angles. Lets hope i see it again!




I recall you shot another skipper with the same antennal mark perhaps a year ago, but I could not place it.
I thought that it may be a minor variation.


TLseow: Cheers.
PS . Male C. brunnea showing the male brand similar to Pelopidas.
In this view the white dot at the base of the tip (apiculus) can not be seen.
https://static.wixstatic.com/media/0a160b_958adf00621c4bc48f6178e240ec73fb~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_560,h_496,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/0a160b_958adf00621c4bc48f6178e240ec73fb~mv2.jpg

[Zicky]

I see, thanks for taking note, let me see if i can find the observation before when i am more free. Swamp with intern work now!

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Some skipper that requires a check on my ID skill so far! Hope i am still "in shape"

1 - Potanthus omaha?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174490969

2 - Potanthus trachala? i do note the FW space 4 and 5 are rather small in this aspect
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174490973

3 - Polytremis lubricans?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491017

4 - Potanthus omaha? Cant decide if the vein here is dark dusted
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491038

5 - pelopidas mathias
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491054

6 - potanthus serina. I am rather confident on this observation, haha
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491055

7 - Polytremis lubricans?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491059

8 - pelopidas mathias? awkward angle, but its all i got!
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491070

9 - potanthus? i am not sure which one could this be. Found deep in primary forest in a setting potanthus arent usually seen
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491140

10 - Telicota besta?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/174491191

a bit of a high volume today. rather busy with work and didnt upload observation as of recent, hope im still able to ID with sufficient accuracy in that respect, haha.

Skipping regards
Zicky!

[Psyche]

Post 173.

1 Potanthus omaha.male.
The UpF veins are strongly black.

2. Potanthus omaha male.
UpF spot 4 & 3 overlap. Veins black; shape of spots 2 & 3 not concave.

3 Polytremis lubricans male.
Note HW large spots 4 & 5 ;FW large upper cellspot; antenna markings.

4. Potanthus omaha male.
Abdominal end yellow; veins uniformly dark-dusted.

5. Pelopidas mathias male.
Note grey-tinged often strongly as seen here.

6. Potanthus serina male.
Abdominal end black band & FW spot 4 larger than spot 5.

7. Uncertain.
There seem to be HW small white spots 2, & 3, hyaline yellowish spots 4 & 5 & Fw upper cellspot suggesting P. lubricans but antenna do not match.
See 3 & compare antenna.
General appearance resembles C. malaya female, but spotting if correct do not match.

8. Pelopidas mathias male.
Strong grey tone.

9. Potanthus omaha male.
Abdominal end yellow & black veins neat & distinct.

10. Telicota besta male.
FW spots 4 & 5 equal & well overlapping spot 3. HW veins noticeably dark.


TL Seow:Cheers.

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

A couple of skipper seen recently that i would like my ID confirmed.
1 - T.besta?
Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169944

2 - P.nathias?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169941

3 - C.cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169942

4 - P.omaha? Veins dark dusted
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169985

5 - P.lubricans?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169989

6 - C.cormasa?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178169997

7 - telicota augius? Really very orange
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/178170123

2 following bonus from malaysia

8 - Koruthaialos sp?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176986587

9 - Koruthaialos sp?
inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176986580


Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 173.

1.Telicota besta female.
Veins strongly black; dull colour.


2. Borbo cinnara.
hW spots 2, 3, 4, 6.; FW subapical 3 in an arc. antennal club thick ;greenish body hair.


3 female Baoris probably B.oceia.
Antennae all black ;uniform dark brown ;no red tone.


4. Male Potanthus omaha ;uniform darkish veins ;abdominal end yellow.


5.Female Caltoris philippina.
Antennae black lubricans have antennae tipped orange & white.
greenish ochreous rough scalings.


6. Female Caltoris bromus.
Prominent pale area on antennae; Uniform brown. 2 subapical spots


7. Male Telicota besta ;HW veins with shadowlines. Face whitish.
male T. besta with upperside confirmation.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/307061219/large.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vtt7-hEYFFg/U1vG9SAuX9I/AAAAAAAAdPE/C_9zWD3vCpY/s1600/TB_adult_male_05.jpg

T. augias
https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5336/9950853134_aaff7fdc56_b.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hp7OPF_eJ6Q/U6ZQMNh6IkI/AAAAAAAAOPs/KFaTN4_wis4/s1600/HFH_2956-Palm-Dart-(Telicota-augias-augias).jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6riT3uzrel0/VgoXg6gugdI/AAAAAAAABhk/BmQspbMAvkk/s1600/Telicota%2Baugias_male_1.jpg


8. Koruthaialos rubecula.
UnF orange red band not reaching costa.

9. Koruthaialos sindu.
UnF orange band reaching costa.


K. sindu note also palpi short.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6RkAaBJ000s/T-K3aDr6a_I/AAAAAAAAGNA/OxkxMDv66sE/s640/DSC1400++Koruthaialos+sindu.jpg

K. rubecula
UnF orange red band reaching costa ; Palpi long.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Koruthaialos-rubecula.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Zicky]

Post 173.

1.Telicota besta female.
Veins strongly black; dull colour.


2. Borbo cinnara.
hW spots 2, 3, 4, 6.; FW subapical 3 in an arc. antennal club thick ;greenish body hair.


3 female Baoris probably B.oceia.
Antennae all black ;uniform dark brown ;no red tone.


4. Male Potanthus omaha ;uniform darkish veins ;abdominal end yellow.


5.Female Caltoris philippina.
Antennae black lubricans have antennae tipped orange & white.
greenish ochreous rough scalings.


6. Female Caltoris bromus.
Prominent pale area on antennae; Uniform brown. 2 subapical spots


7. Male Telicota besta ;HW veins with shadowlines. Face whitish.
male T. besta with upperside confirmation.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/307061219/large.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vtt7-hEYFFg/U1vG9SAuX9I/AAAAAAAAdPE/C_9zWD3vCpY/s1600/TB_adult_male_05.jpg

T. augias
https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5336/9950853134_aaff7fdc56_b.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Hp7OPF_eJ6Q/U6ZQMNh6IkI/AAAAAAAAOPs/KFaTN4_wis4/s1600/HFH_2956-Palm-Dart-(Telicota-augias-augias).jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6riT3uzrel0/VgoXg6gugdI/AAAAAAAABhk/BmQspbMAvkk/s1600/Telicota%2Baugias_male_1.jpg


8. Koruthaialos rubecula.
UnF orange red band not reaching costa.

9. Koruthaialos sindu.
UnF orange band reaching costa.


K. sindu note also palpi short.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6RkAaBJ000s/T-K3aDr6a_I/AAAAAAAAGNA/OxkxMDv66sE/s640/DSC1400++Koruthaialos+sindu.jpg

K. rubecula
UnF orange red band reaching costa ; Palpi long.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Koruthaialos-rubecula.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

Thanks Doctor Seow, looks like im rusty on skipper ID these days

[Zicky]

Hi Doctor Seow,

A couple of skippers that requires some clarification:confused:

1 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204386701
Caltoris phillipina?the FW Spots arent visible in this pic since it flew off after this shot

2 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204386696
Borbo cinnara?

3 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202965093
think a caltoris but not too sure

4 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201000715
First thought was pemera pugnens, but this isnt too sure as well

5 - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200690193
Caltoris cormasa? Seems quite typical with the ID feature

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Post 178.

#1 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204386701
Caltoris philippina should be right.
Fw long ,narrow without spot.


#2 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/204386696
Probably male Pelopidas agna
There is a HW cellspot.
Ground is light brown. Looks dirty but more due to wear.

Typical P. mathias is grey-tinged.
eg.
https://baliwildlife.com/wp-content/gallery/the-small-branded-swift/cache/IMG_0231.jpg-nggid041650-ngg0dyn-615x431-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg


#3 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202965093
Xanthoneura corissa. Correction: Possibly an unusual variant female Caltoris malaya.
A brand new discovery for Singapore.
Note it is very fresh & could not have travel from 'oversea'.
(Xanthoneura = yellow sinew/ tendon /nerve.)
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Xanthoneura-corissa-indrasana
https://www.jungledragon.com/image/119683/skipper_butterfly_the_plain_yellow_lancer_xanthone ura_corissa_patmapana.html/zoom


#4 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/201000715
The spots & antennae are as for Pemara pugnans. Worn.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/pemara-pugnans/



#5 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/200690193
Caltoris bromus.
Colour & pale area on the antennae are as for this species.



TL Seow; Cheers.

[Zicky]

Post 178.


#3 https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202965093
Xanthoneura corissa.
A brand new discovery for Singapore.
Note it is very fresh & could not have travel from 'oversea'.
(Xanthoneura = yellow sinew/ tendon /nerve.)
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Xanthoneura-corissa-indrasana


TL Seow; Cheers.

Very interesting Doctor Seow!
However i have some points i would like to clarify, from the general pics on the link you send and the internet, the eyes of Xanthoneura corissa appears to be red and of a much Ochre and deep yellow looking colour on the wings. Pictures online also seem to show some more veins connecting above vein 2 in the hindwing, though the general veination looks correct, what are your thoughts?

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

There is only one skipper marked like this, ochreous brown with yellow veins.

The eyes may be red brown ,the redness dependent on the lighting.
The antenna have a black club with a whitish dot at the tip, & a pale area below it.
The subapical spots have the lower one much larger.
FW cilia blackish, HW cilia yellowish.


TL Seow ; Cheers.

[Psyche]

Revision.

https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/202965093

There are a few features which do not match that of Xanthoneura.
The two subapical spots are spot 6 & 7. (if three then + spot 8)
There is a spot below spot 6 which is spot 4 .ie no spot in space 5.
This is typical in Caltoris.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93360001.html

In Xanthoneura FW spot 4 & 5 are consistently absent.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92170010.html
See also individuals here.
https://www.jungledragon.com/tag/76473/xanthoneura_corissa.html

With a FW spot 4 present the individual can not be Xanthoneura.

The checklist have a female IDed as caltoris malaya with paler veins.
If this is correct then this individual looks very similar.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/showbutterfly/394

However the usual C malaya looks different.
Males.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/150643011
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/133445751
Undoubted female .Note UpF without cellspot, Abdominal end indicate female.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/148489815
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/255719657/large.jpeg
Another female (from pointed FW apex & midmargin angle.)
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/147253164

Based on these observations it is possibly a variant female Caltoris malaya.
An upperside view should settle this.

Note also the antennae match that of Xanthoneura but do not seem to match that of C. malaya.
Thailand female C. malaya with three subapical spots.
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Caltoris-malaya



TL Seow: Cheers.