Thailand butterflies ID

[sabafish]

Hi Dr. Seow,

I recently went on a trip to West Thailand, Thong Pha Phum, Kanchanaburi.

Could I seek your assistance to help ID the following butterflies which I got stuck with. Thanks in advance!

1. Koruthaialos sp.? Not sure which one though.

27535

2. Could this be Halpe hauxwelli?

27536

3. I am leaning towards Onryza sp. but I am not sure.

27538


4. Halpe sp.? Can't get any further.

27537

5. Halpe sp.? Can't get any further.

27539

[Psyche]

1. Male Koruthaialos rubecula.


K. sindu.
Palpus 3rd segment very short & button like.
Note 3rd segment between antennae.
Female.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Koruthaialos-sindu-1.jpg


K. rubecula.
Palpus 3rd segment long & spike-like.
Female have broad orange ,on underside reaching costa as in K. sindu.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fmjLjGY6WMI/VHAv8jVL65I/AAAAAAAARU0/vzDXKBjkFds/s1600/DSC_0049.JPG

[Psyche]

2. Male Halpe wantona
HW interneural spots merge into a dark band.
Submarginal pale spots rounded , inspace 1b larger & paler.
See. Kanchanaburi male.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91410001.html


H.hauxwelli have marginal band broken into spots; all spots dark & contrasted.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Halpe-hauxwelli.jpg


H. burmana.
HW interneural & submarginal spors better defined with sharp points.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Halpe-burmana.jpg


H. arcuata.
HW discal & basal areas uniformly grey brown.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Halpe-arcuata-1.jpg

[Psyche]

3. Onryza aiamica wsf.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Onryza-siamica.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91210001.html

[Psyche]

4. Pithauria stramineipennis.

Pitahauria have long narrow FWs & antenna with long orange tip.

P. stramineipennis.
Body & UpF wingbase with straw-coloured scales.Underside pale with diffuse spots.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Pithauria-stramineipennis-1080x675.jpg
https://res.cloudinary.com/ppc1/image/upload/v1467087454/h7mryf5ohsegwimjtzwf.jpg

[Psyche]

5. Uncertain.

Probably a worn Halpe wantona.





TL Seow: Cheers.

[sabafish]

Thanks Dr Seow!

Have another set of butterflies to verify/ID.

6a. Reached Allotinus taras by eliminating the other species. Not sure if it is accurate.

27540

6b. Not sure if same species as 6a but this individual was found in the same area about 15 minutes apart.

27541

7. I think this is a Scobura sp. but can't get to species.

27542

8a. Yasoda pita? As UN background more yellow? Description taken from Butterflies of Thailand 2nd edition by Pisuth.

27543

8b. Yasoda tripunctata As UN background more orange yellow?

27544


9. Hasora chromus?

27545


10a. Curetis santana?

27546

10b. Could this also be Curetis santana?

27547

[Psyche]

6a & 6b.
Both are Allotinus taras.
HW postdiscal spot 6 closer to spot 5 than to spot 7.
Submarginal spots tiny, black & white.
FW apex shaded brown.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc2/80350001.html

The similar A. sarrastes is southerly& the FW apex is not brownish.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc2/80360001.html

[Psyche]

7. Scobura phiditia.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91660001.html
https://geenature.com/taxa/animalia/species/scobura-phiditia/

[Psyche]

8a & 8b.

Very difficult.
I think both are Yasoda pita dohertyi.

The markings overlap in both species & so is very tricky.


Y. pita
HW postdiscal band less dislocated at vein 2 near the lower end.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Yasoda-pita-dohertyi.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Yasoda-pita.jpg
P. Malaysia.
http://lh5.ggpht.com/_aYeeLpP4qmg/S9Jt9yRH7tI/AAAAAAAACnY/CIrHJnTF3Gk/s1600-h/Yasoda%20pita%20dohertyi-MYFH_20100415_D6472-640%5B5%5D.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-M4dYTOwv0nw/WWwRp01NwQI/AAAAAAAAdYM/MIMJ2mLGCiwyWFZzW4R_ec9mtvmCqzqTACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC_4144.JPG


Y. tripunctata.
HW postdiscal band usually completely dislocated at vein 2.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yasoda#/media/File:YadsodaTripunctataMFUpUnAC1.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/beautiful_bugs/26810263883
https://res.cloudinary.com/ppc1/image/upload/v1531908541/pyuzo7otsbmaubg0t5kx.jpg

[Psyche]

9. Hasora chromus.

Hasora taminatus bhavara is confusingly similar to H. chromus.

In H. taminatus, the FW dorsum(lower margin) is longer than the termen(outer margin)
This gives the FW a straighter look at rest.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90220020.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/HasoraTaminatus/HasoraTaminatus_TarunKarmakar_ap099.jpg
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hasora_taminatus_-_White-banded_Awl_at_Periya_(9).jpg


In H. chromus the FW dorsum = the termen.
This gives the FW a sharper slanted look.
The white band is well=defined on the inside margin & diffuse on the outer margin.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90210001.html
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/TLlFhuwvTMI/AAAAAAAAIhE/B7tIJUxO8Q4/s1600/HCC_adult_Khew_01.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/drsaji/3992088159
https://alchetron.com/cdn/hasora-chromus-10dbd480-d7af-48f1-b13a-ab41d42c953-resize-750.jpeg

[Psyche]

http://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=27546&d=1650027426


10a .Curetis santana.
HW postdiscal spot 6 & 7 in line &'flat'.
Submarginal spots 6 & 7if visible out of line.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RKEt0LWyTZk/TedMeodZvJI/AAAAAAAALBw/ztO0xlQMXdk/s1600/MS_adult_Loke_01.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t9119-E8An8/TeEj9s6FNeI/AAAAAAAAK9g/7YCPQZn4KH0/s1600/MS_adult_05.jpg

[Psyche]

http://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=27547&d=1650027573


10b. Curetis bulis.
HW with postdiscal spot 7 large ,lunulate(crescent)with spot 6 small & tuck underneath it.
Submarginalspot 6 & 7 if visible in line.

https://a4.pbase.com/o6/25/686825/1/86571379.m11BPFtm.CuretissantanamalayicaMalayanSun beam.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Curetis-bulis.jpg




TL Seow: Cheers.

[sabafish]

Thanks for going through the list Dr. Seow! Will try to digest all the points.

For now, probably the last of my unconfident/unknown IDs.


11. Scobura isota?

27548

12. Is it possible to ID Heliophorus without the upperside?

I am down to Heliophorus epicles vs Heliophorus ila for this photo.

27549

13. Could this be Abisara echerius? If not is it Abisara saturata?

27550

14. Celaenorrhinus nigricans?

27551

15. Tagiades menaka?

27552

16. Not sure if my poor upperside photo can ID this Kallima. I am leaning to Kallima limborgii?

2755327554

17. Another Allotinus but this time FW not so pointed at the apex, so Allotinus corbeti? But the HW does not quite resemble it. Unless Allotinus unicolor female?

27555

18a. I think I have narrowed it down to Arhopala; Alea group, but I am unable to proceed further.

27556


18b. Not sure if same species as 18a as it was found in the same area on the same day. Likewise seems to belong to the Alea group?

27557

19. Seems to resemble Matapa sasivarna but not as much green scales so I am leaning towards Matapa cresta with paler FW towards apex, tornal cilia of HW orange/yellow and abdominal hair tuft orange-yellow?

27558

[Psyche]

11. Scobura isota.
The tiny spot below spot 3 is irrelevant.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91680001.html

In S cephala thi spot is large.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91670001.html

[Psyche]

12. Heliophorus epicles. male.

The two species are confusingly similar, their markings overlap.


H. epicles.
FW margin more rounded in male, than in the male of H. ila.
HW red border always more protruding inwards in space 6.
Black submarginal spots stronger.
White shadings in space 3, 4, & 5 less.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b011020.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Heliophorus-epicles-latilimbata.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b011030.html
India.
https://indiabiodiversity.org/files-api/api/get/raw/img//Heliophorus_epicles/53b.jpg


H ila
Male FW margin straighter.
HW red border less protruding in space 6 , more often level.
HW black submarginal spots weaker & white shading more extensive.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b015010.html
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0PE2s45hdV8/ViT-xK0U92I/AAAAAAAABII/bofbUBVtBUI/s1600/BBB%2B-%2B1A7561.jpg
Taiwan male & female ssp matsumura.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HQ-clvr_a7U/VY9Wf4xwEQI/AAAAAAAARqI/i1roC1M2pA0/s1600/HFH_0917-Purple-Sapphire%2B%25E7%25B4%25AB%25E6%2597%25A5%25E7%258 1%25B0%25E8%259D%25B6%2B.jpg
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dqa5ZSvU4AAxX_2.jpg


The two species seem to be much misIDed.

[Psyche]

13. Female Abisara echerius.

Males have the tail at vein 4 rounded.

Both sexes of E. echerius have the HW topmost spot 7 much smaller than the spots 5 & 6.
HW tornal spots rounded.
Female without a FW white cross band.
Male.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Abisara_echerius_%281%29.jpg
female.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Abisara-echerius.jpg


A. saturata.
The saturata male have all three spots 5, 6, & 7 about equal in size.
The two tornal black spots have sharp points.
https://live.staticflickr.com/8214/8333214670_2e63bb1bd8_c.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rzo8wjfyCsM/SgJcurKd_QI/AAAAAAAADXA/uL2prVS4Qzc/s400/MPJ_adult_female_Sunny_02_c.jpg

[Psyche]

14. Celaenorrhinnus nigricans.
FW band extend to costa,spot 3 cotiguous, single spot in space 1b. antennal club partly white.
HW plain.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90500001.html

[Psyche]

15. Tagiades menaka menaka.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90920010.html


T. cohaerens is similar but lacks the postdiscal spots in space 3 & 4.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90920010.html

[Psyche]

16. Likely to be K. inachus female.

Several species have been raised in recent years, all very confusing.

The female of K limborgi is not known to have very long FW tip, so I would rule this out. K. limborgi is also a deeper orange & blue than the others.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760350001.html


K. alicia is a rarity.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760330010.html

Of the remaining two.
K. inachus usually have the discal white spot more heavily black ringed & appear larger.
The black submarginal line crossing the orange band is more prominent.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760320010.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/nym/760340001.html

[Psyche]

17 .Female Allotinus unicolor.

A. unicolor.
FW with postdiscal series of spots not broken in the middle.
HW postdiscal spot 6 rounded & set well inside of spot 7.
Male & female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/2532145/large.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_OmSdB8rKsM/VmbsPAmkRUI/AAAAAAAAOgw/HLOBKfxCSa8/s1600/LesserDarkwing-SunnyC.png


A. corbeti
Small species with rounded wings.
FW postdiscal series of spots dislocated in the middle.
HW postdiscal spot 6 under spot 7 (both spots comma-shaped here).
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/allotinus-corbeti/

[Psyche]

http://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=27556&d=1650085004
http://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=27557&d=1650085028


18 a & b.

They are members of the alea subgroup.
Half a dozen similar species occur in P.Mlaysia.
Most of them do not occur past pensinsular Thailand.

Two likely species in central Thailand are A. selta & milleri.

The male selta is stated to have rounded FW but this is difficult to judge.
A. milleri is indigo blueon the upperside.
A. selta male have the upperside FW border expanded at the apex.

A. selta is the more likely diagnosis as it is commoner in the north.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4f/82110001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4f/82160001.html

[Psyche]

http://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=27558&d=1650085361

19. Matapa sasivarna.

Only M. sasivarna have the HW veins black.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/itchydogimages/16536355949
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/95_1635-527-546f7ab718003-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_47334-38-5db9477046daa-1.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[sabafish]

Thanks Dr Seow, for helping me go through the list!

[sabafish]

Hi Dr Seow,

I have just concluded a trip to Khao Yai, Thailand and I would like to seek your assistance to help check the IDs of some of the butterflies that I took there.

Thank you!

1) Lethe mekara?

28206

2) Melanitis leda?

28207

3) Not sure if this is Melanitis leda or Melanitis phedima?

28208

4) Melanitis zitenius?

28209

5)Mycalesis adamsonii?

28210

6)Mycalesis anaxioides?

28212

7)Dacalana cotys?

28211

8) Heliophorus epicles?

2821328219

9)Charaxes bernardus?

28214

10) Appias albina?

28215

11) Miletus chinensis?

28216

12)Notocrypta paralysos?

28217

13) Notocrypta curvifascia?

28218

[Psyche]

Post 25.

1. Lethe mekara.
L mekara lacks the tail at vein 4 seen in similarly marked L. kansa & sinorix.


2. Melanitis leda dsf.
3 & 4; Melanitis zitenius.
M. leda have very short tain at v.4. The ground is often striated & black ringed ocelli may be present.
M. zitenius & phedima have longer tail at HW v. 4
M. zitenius have the FW costa evenly curved.
M. phedima have the FW costa strongly curved or convex.
See fieldshots at the bottom of each Yukata webpage for the FW contour of zitenius & phedima.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40010001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40030010.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/95_17355-265-58d033b60ed90-1_1.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40020020.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/observation/Melanitis%20phedima%20bela_1665206597_236531.jpg


5. Mycalesis anaxias.
6. M. anaxiodes.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40770010.html

7.Dacalana cotys.
Thw white bands are broad & the orange crown do not invade the white band.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dacalana_cotys#/media/File:CotysMFUpUn_486_AC1.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 25.

8. Heliophorus epicles. FW with red border.
The HW red border is relatively broad & its inner margin irregularly crenate, with unequal lobes.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b011020.html
H. ila is similar but the inner margin of the HW red border more regular.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4b/8b015020.html
Two species similar to H. ila , H. kohimensis & indicus are found further north

H. epicles & ila are much mixed up.
Here are some valid images.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/95_80712-288-60792f537eb61-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sites/default/files/95_80712-288-60792f537eb61-1.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gancw1/23832942152/in/photostream/
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Heliophorus_ila_nolus#/media/File:Ila_nolus_ACC_3043to4.jpg

9. Charaxes bernardus.
The pale ,yellowish discal fascia is helpful.
HW black postdiscal fascia diffuse & irregular.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/cha/60170010.html
In C. aristogiton the HW black fascia is well-defined & straighter.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/cha/60190001.html
In C. marmax, the markings are weaker, & poorly contrasted with the yellower ground colour.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/cha/60200001.html

10. Appias albina As it is.

11. Miletus chinensis.
FW postdiscal spots well-aligned; markings without any enhancement.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Miletus-chinensis-learchus-2.jpg

12 Notocrypta clavata female.
If the underside FW white band extends broadly to the costa it is diagnostic. Female may have a spot in space 4.
Some examples of N. paralysos have small white extension to the costa.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91610001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91600020.html

13 Notocrypta curvifascia.
UnF white band do not extend to the costa.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91620001.html
In N. feisthamelii
UnF white band with some extensin to the costa.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91630010.html



TL Seow: Cheers.