Doubtful IDs from Nepal [Archive] - Butterfly Discussion Forums

Psyche

19-Aug-2020, 11:32 PM

Post 5.
Male Potanthus pallida. Both 1 & 2 should be the same species. 1. male . 2 female.

Three species are rather similar.

P. pallida FW cell black hole more distinct; Spots 4 & 5 widely detached from spot 6, also detached or nearly so from spot 3.(fully detached in female).
FW spots 2 & c3 relatively narrow, about 1.5 X width of spots 4 & 5.
Abdominal end broadly black. Underside usually light coloured, bands edged in dark spots.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92720001.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/83_32484-889-5b7110830fdd1-1.jpg
https://www.flickriver.com/photos/33212211@N00/48792637206/
Female Sri Lanka.
https://biodiversityofsrilanka.blogspot.com/2016/01/indian-dartpallid-dart-potanthus-pallida.html

Potanthus lydia lydia. FW with distinct black hole in cell.
FW spots 4 & 5 lightly detached from spot 6 & usually with slight overlap with spot 3.
Spots 2 & 3 relatively wide about 2X that of 4 & 5.
Abominal end black ;
Underside lightly dark shaded & marked with dark spots.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/3160/Potanthus-lydia
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92830001.html

SSp fraseri (Not found in India but give some idea of how P. lydia looks.
FW spots 4 & 5 may be fully detached . inner margins of spots 4 & 5 convergent.
https://www.flickriver.com/photos/gancw1/21048264764/
https://c1.staticflickr.com/6/5648/21483016020_e0f34ba0dc.jpg

Potanthus pseudomaesa. FW with black hole in cell narrow (ssp pseudomaesa).
FW spots 4 & 5 detached from spot 6 & with slight overlap tp spot 3. Spots 2 & 3 relatively broad.
Abdominal end with a black patch or band.
Underside lightly shaded , strong black spots.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92740010.html

SSp pseudomaesa S. India.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/30062532d7f5f8902c.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_7165-90-55a941a69905b-3.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_7165-90-55a941a69905b-4.jpg

P. trachala; FW spots 4 & 5 fully detached above & below.
Spots 2 & 3 narrow , concave in the male. Abdominal end black banded.
UnF subapical spots with a spiky appearance.
Male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/94_23511-309-5a477cdb1b635-1.jpg
Male ssp tytleri. Singapore.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20trachala%20tytleri/Potanthus_male_upperside_02.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg

Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/94_23510-571-5a477c01d250e-1.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20trachala%20tytleri/Potanthus_female_02.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

28-Aug-2020, 01:31 AM

Sorry for the terrible pic (broken flash and low light), but I think this is P. nesta. Nepal, 1500 ft. August.
26562

Psyche

29-Aug-2020, 12:05 AM

Post 9.

Probably Potanthus mingo.
UnF spots with varying overlap.
UnH band upper end (spots 4 + 5) projected out.
Varying heavy black spots on HW band's outer margin.
Abdominal end strongly black- banded.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92810010.html
Singapore male.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg
Mating pair Female left fresh, male right worn.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tFtROXZYiZI/W_ErxDkE91I/AAAAAAAAUA0/vigPklu01Zk8ED1PVNUUuA9YRNAfy41dQCLcBGAs/s1600/HFH_3107%2BPotanthus%2Bmingo.JPG

P. nesta; FW spots 4 & 5 outer margin often nearly in line with main band.
UnH band upper spots (4+5) not projected out or barely.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92800001.html
Probable P. nesta Thailand.
Note FW band straight; HW band is rectangular & spot 6 is absent.
https://www.samuibutterflies.com/02_images/travels/hesperiidae/potanthusparvus.v.jpg
Probable P. nesta ,India.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/200_5349-417-552887cee7e8b-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/200_5349-417-552887cee7e8b-1.jpg

P. lydia lydia. FW spots 4 & 5 inner margins often convergent. spots 2 & 3 wide.
Abdominal end almost wholly black.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/523_17057-326-58a81406e7d83-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/523_17057-326-58a81406e7d83-2.jpg
Compare P. lydia fraseri P. Malaysia.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-lydia.jpg

P. pallida. FW spots 4 & 5 widely detached from spot 6, detached or just touch spot 3.
Underside may be lightly spotted; abdominal end strongly black-banded.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92720001.html
Sri Lankan male.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQMaopu2fn6RbXao0QaLrzWwBh7Wg5 cRVwCjA&usqp=CAU
Probable male India; Note wide spacing between FW spot 5 & 6, easily seen on UpF, and poor underside markings.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/560_17604-324-58e2776a88b2f-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/560_17604-324-58e2776a88b2f-2.jpg

P. trachala FW spots 4 & 5 typically fully detached .spots 2 & 3 quadrate with concave margins in the male.
Abdominal end black banded ;UnH band upper part strongly projected.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-d1uwxt7ATt8/Vm958icCFzI/AAAAAAAAB68/-buu3ggNh64/s1600/Potanthus_trachala.jpg

P. rectifasciatus ;FW band nearly straight; UnH band continuous in a curve, spot 6 very large.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/33212211@N00/38661764476

P. palnia; FW spot 5 often smaller than spot 5.
Underside dark shaded in a greenish tinge, no obvious spot.
Abdominal end mostly black.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/33212211@N00/37999817064

P. flava alcon. FW band mostly straight tapering to spot 5.
In ssp flava underside often heavily dark spotted.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92780010.html

See images of P. nesta & mara in Evans' Hesperiid catalogue.

TL Seow; Cheers.

Nawab

30-Aug-2020, 06:35 PM

Thank you, sir. Could you see if these are R. scintilla?
1.

26563

2.

26564

Psyche

30-Aug-2020, 07:55 PM

Post 11.
Rapala varuna orseis.
The UnH postdiscal band broad ,double white-sided, it & the cellend bar almost/or touch.
The orange crown encircles the black spot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/183_6328-611-55531ee8ec913-1.jpg

In SE Asia the species is often strongly purple flushed.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Rapala%20varuna%20orseis/indigo%20flash%20-%20Benedict.jpg

TL Seow; Cheers.

Nawab

05-Sep-2020, 03:45 PM

Thank you, sir. Could you see if all these are Parnara bada? All were found in same location. 1500 masl, central Nepal, September.
1a.
26605

1b.
26606

2a.
26607

2b.
26608

3a.
26609

3b.
26610

4a.
26611

4b.
26612

Nawab

05-Sep-2020, 04:14 PM

Sir, could you look at these Caltoris cf. sirius also? I thought these were C. sirius but recently read that only Caltoris kumara, Caltoris bromus and Caltoris canaraica have unH spots 2 and 3. C. kumara is out, and I suppose so is C. canaraica, so are these all C. bromus and not C. sirius? 500 ft., southern central Nepal, July. All same location.

1a.
26613

1b.
26614

2a.
26615

2b.
26616

3a.
26617

3b.
26618

Psyche

06-Sep-2020, 01:15 AM

Post 13.

1 & 2.
Both 1 & 2 have UnH with a spot 6 present.
UpF with 1 with a lower cellspot & 2 with two cellspot.
Parnara guttata mangala. Correction Parnara bada aberration with 1 & 2 cellspots.

4 have no UpF cellspot & UnH with spots 2 - 5.
FW spots 2 & 3 quadrate sothe discal spots are spread out.
Parnara bada.

Parnara bada FW almost always without any cellspot (occa. a lower one)
FW spots 2 & 3 quadrate so the spots are wide apartUnH often with a spot 6.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93050001.html

P. guttata ;Usually 2 cellspot, often lower one absent, also may not any cellspot.
HW almost always with a spot 6. Correction: HW almost never with a spot 6.

P. ganga; FW cellspot occassionally with a lower cellspot.
HW without a spot 6 ; HW spots larger.
FW spot 2 & 3 rectangualr so all the spots are close.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93040001.html

P. apostata debdasi ;HW with a spot 6; UpF dark, spots 2 & 3 quadrate .spots are close together.
See pix in revision below.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303738337_A_revision_of_the_genus_Parnara_Moore_Le pidoptera_Hesperiidae_with_special_reference_to_th e_Asian_species

Post 14.
Has to be Caltoris bromus female.
There are no other species to consider.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

06-Sep-2020, 01:37 AM

Post 13.
P. guttata ;Usually 2 cellspot, often upper one absent, also may not any cellspot.
HW almost always with a spot 6.

Thank you, sir. C. bromus is new to Nepal. I'm confused about P. guttata, I thought it almost never had HW spot 6 while you said "almost always with a spot 6."

Psyche

06-Sep-2020, 06:05 AM

Thank you, sir. C. bromus is new to Nepal. I'm confused about P. guttata, I thought it almost never had HW spot 6 while you said "almost always with a spot 6."

Oops. You are right P. guttata almost never with a HW spot 6.

That means 1 & 2 could be either P. guttata with a HW spot 6 (very rare) or P. bada with cellspots ( one or two).

The aapearance with the FW spots widely spaced is that of P. bada .
Although there is no mention of P. bada with two cellspot it is always possible as an aberration.

P. guttata with two cellspots ,the lower one almost obsolete, spots close together, ; HW without spot 6.
https://v3.boldsystems.org/pics/HSPEC/1750-UP%2B1276428550.JPG
https://v3.boldsystems.org/pics/HSPEC/1750-UN%2B1276428576.JPG

TL Seow: Cheers.
PS examples of Parnara with cellspots in Maharastra ,Karnateka, S. India where only P. bada is known
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/97_6607-644-5566d7c7ba7bd-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/118_8741-984-56192c7ba097a-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/709_43988-197-5d784ca70cada-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1607_64597-689-5f3f7e0043bd1-4.jpg

P. ganga range extend to Gujarat & Madhya Pradesh.

Nawab

14-Sep-2020, 10:53 AM

Sir, could you tell me about Caltoris confusa? Can it have HW spots?

Psyche

14-Sep-2020, 11:51 AM

Sir, could you tell me about Caltoris confusa? Can it have HW spots?

Caltoris confusa.
Similar to C. bromus but,
1, Darker & often with reduced markings, ie. upper cellspot & spot 3 may be absent; FW spot 2 & 3 narrower ( tend to be quadrate in C. bromus )
2. UnF without a spot/pale area in space 1b.
UpF male without a spot in space 1b .(Note C. bromus male occasionally have a space 1b spot UpF.)
3. UnH without spot ; overlaid with ochreous scalings; impossible to differentiate from bromus or sirius.

There is an example from China in the article below. fig 19-20.
https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Atalanta_42_0193-0200.pdf
Compare also with C. bromus female , fig 15, 16.
And C. bromus male fig 49 to 52.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

15-Sep-2020, 10:08 PM

Thank you, sir. Could you look at this Rapala? I guess one of R. rectivitta or R. nissa.
26664

Psyche

16-Sep-2020, 04:22 AM

Should be correct as the female Rapala nissa.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/RapalaNissa/RapalaNissa_NikhilBhopale_aq353.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.
There is no description of the female R. rectivitta.
R. rectivitta is said to have straighter bands.
Possibly bands are always brown & cilia dark brown.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/3180/Rapala-rectivitta

Nawab

17-Sep-2020, 10:12 PM

This Spindasis syama peguanus seems to be different than others I've seen. The FW marginal line is broken and post discal lines re joined. Could it be someting else?

26675

26676

Psyche

18-Sep-2020, 12:21 AM

S. syama have a FW cellbar which is club-shaped & a HW sub-basal band broken into 3 spots.

2, other species with these features are S. elwesi & zhengweilei.

In S. zhengweilei the head of the club may be detached & the bands are narrow, with wide spacing of the ground colour.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/2987/Spindasis-zhengweilie

It is quite similar to S. elwesi.
Evans described this Un pale yellow with broader bands, the male UpF blue shot ,often with orange markings.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/82865001.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/3252/Spindasis-elwesi

Several features suggest this might be S. elwesi.
The HW marginal (or submarginal) line is broken into spots.
THe UpF twin postdiscal bands converge more.
The bands are rather broad.

However it easily may be a form of S. syama without seeing the upperside.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/1111/Spindasis-syama

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

18-Sep-2020, 02:31 AM

Psyche

18-Sep-2020, 07:39 AM

Thank you, sir. Evans, 1932 says broader black bands, the bands aren't very black. The submarginal spots and the converged postdiscal bands are indeed confusing. No UpF shots taken. The place had many S. syama but two of these forms were seen on same location along with some S. lohita.

Most if not all of related Spindasis can have the bands edged in black or red.
There are said to be very few specimens of S. elwesi, so the one or two examples here do not show the variations.

TL Seow : Cheers.

Nawab

18-Sep-2020, 07:14 PM

Thank you for further clarification, sir. Would this one be Burara anadi?

26677

26678

Psyche

18-Sep-2020, 08:52 PM

Post 26.

Yes, this should be Burara anadi.
In the 2nd pic, the HW discal patch is composed of streak which extend into space 7.

B. anadi
HW discal patch composed of streaks including in space 7.
HW orange cilia reaching vein 7.
Orange less pronounced, & abdominal end partly brown.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/BuraraAnadi/BuraraAnadi_MilindBhakare_am888.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/183_13084-279-57a74438f16cf-1.jpg

B. jaina.
HW discal patch of streaks not in space 7.
HW orange cilia reaching vein 7 & abdominal end broadly orange.
A FW white cellspot may be oresent.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/BuraraJaina/BuraraJaina_KSaji_ae601.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/BuraraJaina/01BuraraJaina_HemantOgale_ab508.jpg

B. harisa ;
HW discal patch broadly streaky & away from the cellend ; HW orange cilia reaching vein 5.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/152_18387-7-593ad54d618b7-1.jpg

B. oedipodea.
HW discal patch solid & away from the cellend.
HW orange cilia reaching vein 6.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/BuraraOedipodea/BuraraOedipodea_HarshaKumar_aa348.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

18-Sep-2020, 11:08 PM

Many thanks for the great keys, sir. I think these are Polytremis discreta discreta and Celaenorrhinus putra putra. Could you confirm?

1.
26680

2.
26681

Psyche

19-Sep-2020, 06:46 PM

Post 28.

1. Polytremis discreta (also placed in a new genus Zenonoida.)
HW tornal cilia white.

2. Celaenorrhinus putra.

I have only just beginning to understand the complexities of C. leucocera & putra which was so confusing in the past.

C. leucocera; Range India to SE Asia mainland.
FW dorsum (lower margin) > (greater than ) termen (outer margin).
FW termen convex ,apex more rounded.
Discal band generally extend beyond the radius (upper arm of the FW cell).
HW cilia broadly whitish, chequered.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/95_6285-593-5550b83f5bfab-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/tbe745.jpg
Form with the FW discal band barely extending beyond the radius.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/455_21505-194-5a013e37e1306-1.jpg

C. putra ;Range Sundaland ,SE Asia to NE India, Assam, Sikkim , Nepal.
FW produced, FW dorsum = termen.
FW termen straighter & in the male noticeably sharper.
FW discal band rarely extend beyond the radius.
HW cila narrowly whitish, less prominent.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/3031053b9424190283.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_53308-217-5e9361ce2f7a9-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1210_53797-712-5e97336b525ba-1.jpg

The early entomologist amassed drawersful of specimens, yet no record of C. putra was given to South India.
Nor does the checklist for Bangladesh include this species.
Yet many shots from S. India are atributed to C. putra based on the appearance of the discal band.

Separating the species in set specimens was not so difficult as seen in the links below.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90470001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90480010.html

All sightings of C. putra in S. India are likely erroneous.
Genitalia shown are doubtful. They depict the left clasp of two different specimens, showing only the outside of the clasps.Correction: Images correctly shows the right clasp & inside.
Genitalia need to show the right clasp with the detail of the inside ,which may have additional features.
Evans made no mention of genitalia difference between the two species.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

20-Sep-2020, 12:11 AM

Many thanks once again, sir. This one looks like Pithauria murdava at first glance, however looking closer, it looks like a darker form of Pithauria stramineipennis. Central Nepal, and P. murdava was recorded from the east only. All my P. stramineipennis have prolific straw colored clothing on FW and HW unlike in this one.

26686

26689

26688

Psyche

20-Sep-2020, 12:31 AM

Post 30.

It is P. murdava female.
The 2nd pic shows the underside of the left FW completely dark.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91440001.html

The UnF in P. stamineipennis have a large pale area.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91430001.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

20-Sep-2020, 11:42 PM

Sir, could you look at this Melanitis? It is monsoon here, and these species are supposed to be WSF. But this one is weird. It's either a DSF M. leda or Melanitis zitenius zitenius which I've never seen and is supposed to be found in the east only. Can we get dsf in monsoon? Found near paddy field like any Melanitis.

26690

Psyche

21-Sep-2020, 12:37 AM

Post 32.

Melanitis leda.

DSF can occur in areas with no defined dry season.
Singapore , WSF, Intermediate, DSF.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UnL4l5zKh7c/VbOPcZrfzyI/AAAAAAAAjB4/9j4vwoWvgWE/s1600/11040579_834738103279827_5794089316119762488_n.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Melanitis%20leda%20leda/CEB_adult_Frederick_01.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gWT7bXJwg3s/VbUOvyXn1eI/AAAAAAAAjFQ/Ys20KTPNdgI/s1600/cEB_adult_Khew_02.jpg

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40010001.html

M. zitenius can be recognised at once by the longer tail at vein 4 ,being about 3X that at vein 2.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Melanitis-zitenius-1080x675.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40030010.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

21-Sep-2020, 12:42 AM

Thank you, sir. That's what I thought, but here we have a defined dry season. December to May. But I suppose, this somehow got left out.

Nawab

22-Sep-2020, 01:54 AM

Okay, I know this is Celastrina gigas, but I need some concrete keys to convince people. Sir, any help?

26693

Psyche

22-Sep-2020, 06:49 PM

Post 35.

This is a real tough one since there are hardly any description of C. gigas except one in German.

There also DSF whch can look quite different.

Of the Celastrina species in your area, they can be divided into groups.

1, HW postdiscal marks comprise rounded spots & short bars.

C. lavendularis.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/celastrina-lavendularis/
C. hersilia.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Celastrina-hersilia.jpg

2. HW postdiscal marks reduced to small rounded spots.

C. huegelii.
Underside medium grey ;submarginal & marginal spots relatively well-formed except towards the apex.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/angiud/49144973403
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celastrina_huegeli#/media/File:CelastrinaHuegeliiOreoidesMFUpUnAC1.jpg

C. argiolus.
Submarginal & marginal spots weak often faded especially on the HW.
Ssp iynteata. Underside geyish white.
https://thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/celastrina-argiolus/
Ssp kollari. Underside cream white Marginal & submarginal spots on both wing often faded out.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/93_12767-87-578495b3edcc7-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/87_1955-634-547f2164a70e4-1.jpg

C. gigas.
The only description is German.
https://archive.org/stream/mitteilungenderm311941mn#page/608/mode/1up

A rough Google translation yield only the base is moss green like C. oreas.
Evans also describe this as C. ladonides gigas.
It so happens both these two have more greenish bases.
See link below for both species.
http://www.lycaenidae.gmxhome.de/Lycaenopsis/Celastrina/celastrina-index.htm

From the BOI website the only other diffrent Celastrina has to be C. gigas.

C; gigas.
Underside pale greyish white, the submarginal & marginal marks weak but present. Base ? greenish.
FW submarginal lunules in space 1b & 2 more broadly diffuse & linked continuously.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/113_45930-588-5d98b807eb92c-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/1319_43245-312-5d52a018f1fa1-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/791_36724-767-5bf4eda4c987f-1.jpg

Your image looks to be correct.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

28-Sep-2020, 07:40 PM

Sir, is this Aeromachus kali or A. pygmaeus?

26710

26711

Nawab

28-Sep-2020, 10:47 PM

These 2 individuals were found at 4300 ft. along with Ypthima sakra. They looked different than usual Ypthima baldus, rather dull scales without any shine. Are they still Y. baldus?
1a
26719

1b
26720

2
26721

Psyche

29-Sep-2020, 12:05 AM

Post 37.
You have two species here.

1. is A. pygmaeus.The antennal club is rounded & drumstick like.
UnH tornus no white marginal spot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/118_20311-547-59cfc3f20ddf4-1.jpg

A. kali ;HW tornus with a whitish marginal spot. Antennal club longer & gradual.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/AeromachusKali/AeromachusKali_TarunKarmakar_an949.jpg
https://biodiversity.bt/biodiv/observations//75f053e3-675a-4bf8-8e1f-882019515bfb/946_gall.jpg

2. Probably A. jhora. Antennal club gradual UpF almost unmarked.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/93_18833-265-595d81a770739-4.jpg
A. dubius.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/AeromachusDubius/01AeromachusDubius_KrushnameghKunte_aa891.jpg

Psyche

29-Sep-2020, 12:06 AM

Post 38.
Y. baldus.
Very worn with total loss of cilia.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/YpthimaBaldus/YpthimaBaldus_KrushnameghKunte_ah911.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

29-Sep-2020, 08:46 PM

Thank you, sir. I think this is a typical Pelopidas conjuncta. Could you have a look please?
26722

Psyche

29-Sep-2020, 10:30 PM

Female Pelopidas mathias.
The ground colour is strongly grey with marginal pale shading.
There is a spot 7 which is not present in P. conjuncta.
https://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/hesperiinae/pelopidas/sp-2v.jpg

P. conjuncta (= conjunctus).
Much larger.
FW spots large & yellowish.
HW spots whitish, typically spots 2, 3, 4, & 6.Spot 7 is absent.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/622_48772-857-5ded3ce71c40c-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/991_34227-619-5ba77580c9a98-1.jpg
Singapore ssp conjuncta male & female.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FvDO3Lfw_To/VwiMznz4M2I/AAAAAAAAmCc/nvyGYR91VEIRPMXu_8UtbWohigle6IdhQ/s1600/PC_adult_Khew_03.jpg
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MmIILLLpQZE/VwiMvbBGGHI/AAAAAAAAmCY/05oVLWUW3tI2GrfXxr9lro4Bf5rIvrM7A/s1600/PC_adult_Anthony_01.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

29-Sep-2020, 11:59 PM

Thank you, sir. I mainly thought P. conjuncta because of the purplish gloss it has and yellowish FW spots. Perhaps this one is P. agna then. Fond on same location, same time. This too appears purplish. Never seen P. mathias or P. agna this color before. Or maybe it's just my eyes. :D
26723

Psyche

30-Sep-2020, 03:23 PM

Post 43.

Pelopidas agna is right.

P. mathias ;
Underside shaded unevevnly with the marginal zones paler.
Males with FW spots 2 & 3 quadrate.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vqr7KmROfek/VK_uf1hWp7I/AAAAAAAAfwY/N4uLlFOKIUM/s1600/SBS_adult_male_upperside_01.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_0EK80AsaR7g/S1sg6OwEETI/AAAAAAAACU0/OatvAsaSIg0/s400/DSC2581-Short-Branded+Swift.jpg
female.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pelopidas%20mathias%20mathias/Small%20Branded%20Swift%20-%202%20-%20Sum%20Chee%20Ming.jpg

P. agna.
Underside evenly brown.
Male with FW spots 2 & 3 narrow.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/PelopidasAgna/PelopidasAgna_AbhaySoman_ag262.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Pelopidas%20agna%20agna/Pelopidas-agna-agna-(Bengal-Swift)-01---Horace-Tan.jpg
female.
https://live.staticflickr.com/579/22195353146_02f00c7df8_b.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

05-Oct-2020, 10:11 PM

This individual is confusing me. Cannot be Potanthus, looks strange for Telicota or Oriens. Could it be Cephrenes?
26725

Psyche

05-Oct-2020, 11:51 PM

Post 45.

Female Telicota bambusae.

Telicota species lack a HW spot 7 seen in Potanthus.
Females are darker ,the FW cellmark have a 'black hole' in it.

Female T. bambusae .FW cellend bars both long.
Male & female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/TelicotaBambusae/01TelicotaBambusae_KSaji_ad012.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/TelicotaBambusae/TelicotaBambusae_HemantOgale_an075.jpg

Female T. colon ;FW cellend bars unequal ; FW spots 4 & 5 detached & distorted in shape.
Two females.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcTcQp363pTjQnHBTjOQN5S1xi_MgB6 _SKvYdw&usqp=CAU
https://lepidoptera.eu/minipic/25377/1/2018-04-08

Female T. linna';Both FW cellend bars short.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GfwkAkMITv4/VznhAIMptEI/AAAAAAAAmRM/XZFGfFws7_85wUXm9JQLC3HCEb1zfXuZgCLcB/s1600/TL_female_up_01.jpg

Female T. besta ;FW cellend unequal, the upper much longer; Spots 4 & 5 normal shape.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P5w37zUj7Bo/U1vGmLYjGiI/AAAAAAAAdOs/OuhLXLLVMTg/s1600/TB_adult_female_up_01.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

06-Oct-2020, 12:32 AM

Thank you so much, sir. T. bambusae makes sense. Had never seen Telicota with discontinuous band before.

Nawab

25-Oct-2020, 03:06 PM

Which Tarucus? I think T. nara but has some anomalities.

26757

Psyche

25-Oct-2020, 08:35 PM

Post 48.

Most likely Tarucus venosus.

Of the Tarucus that are similar T. indicus & balkanicus are found mostly in the west & south.

Of T nara the typical form range from S. India to Bengal, while two synonyms extricatus & alternatus are mostly western.

The form of T. nara have the HW discal spots less irregular & rougly form 3 bands.
Typical male & underside.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/TarucusNara/02TarucusNara_RohanLovalekar_ai948.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/TarucusNara/TarucusNara_RohanLovalekar_ai949.jpg

T. venosus; HW discal spots irregular & disorganised.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/a-28798.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/a-28796.jpg

All the Taracus species. fig 2 T. venosus. Note chaotic arrangement of HW spots.
https://archive.org/stream/transactionsofen1917roya#page/n371/mode/1up

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

22-Nov-2020, 09:16 PM

Symbrenthia brabira?
26849

Psyche

23-Nov-2020, 07:30 PM

Post 50.

Definitely Symbrenthia brabira.

S. brabira ;Less black spotted ; FW postdiscal & discal black spots largely absent & reduced to narrow streaks.
HW postdiscal spots quadrate ( squarish & flat-topped) )with less metallic green.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1611_65199-978-5f4f5e6c3177f-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/29833530a57828f159.jpg

S. hypselis ;More heavily marked; FW postdiscal & discal spots strongly developed.
HW postdiscal spots elongate ,with prominent green metallic scales.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/558_73881-822-5faaf46a1a58b-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/ap434.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

23-Nov-2020, 09:27 PM

Thank you, Dr. Seow!

Nawab

25-Jan-2021, 02:08 AM

Prosotas bhutea?
26862
26863

Psyche

26-Jan-2021, 12:11 AM

Post 53.

Yes. It is Prosotas bhutea.

P. nora. HW submarginal & marginal spots of equal intensity. ie same degree of of blackness.
FW postdiscal spots quadrate with straight sides.
FW space 1b with a postdiscal spots & a sub-basal extension of the midcell band.
All examples with the FW raised to show space 1b.
India.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/302265347df154ffff.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/3041953b96a0ea22c6.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/a-28854.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ProsotasNora/ProsotasNora_KSaji_ac719.jpg

Prosotas pia . HW submarginal spots weaker & more faded than the marginal spots.
FW postdiscal spots quadrate with straight sides.
FW space 1b with postdiscal spot & extension of the mid cell band (may be weaker).
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ProsotasPia/ProsotasPia_KrushnameghKunte_ai938.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ProsotasPia/01ProsotasPia_KrushnameghKunte_ai937.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosotas_pia#/media/File:ProsotasPiaEliotiMUpUnAC1.jpg
Female Thailand ssp marginata.
https://www.samuibutterflies.com/02_images/linkbuttons/butterflies/lycaenidae/prosotaspia/underside.jpg

Prosotas bhutea.
HW submarginal spots weaker than marginal spots (as in P. pia)
FW postdiscal band composed of spots with rounded margins.
FW space 1b with out a postdiscal spot nor an extension of the mid cell band.
Wingbase more dark shaded.
All examples with FW raised to show space 1b.
P. bhutea bhutea Thailand.
https://www.neutron.phys.ethz.ch/Lepidoptera/Old_Specimens/Lycaenidae/AZ11-0202V.jpg
India.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/137_17671-539-58e4825cce173-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/117_45699-305-5d93941ededed-2.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

30-Jan-2021, 11:14 PM

Weird Catochrysops. Never seen one like this before.
26867
26868

Psyche

31-Jan-2021, 02:30 AM

Post 55.

I am afraid there is no match for this one.
It is closest to Catochrysops panormus but a number of features are different.

1. Should always have black HW spots in C. panormus although they may be faint in some examples.
2. The orange crown is large & squarish here.
3. The UpH always have a large black spot near the tail in C. panormus.

C. panormus.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/92_5388-843-5529109be2e8a-1.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:142-Catochrysops_panormus.JPG

Similar but also with black spots.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilades_parrhasius#/media/File:Chilades_parrhasius_parrhasius_-_Small_Cupid_female1.jpg

No other genus around these or in Virachola. have similar marking,

Probably a species from the Tibetan side.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

31-Jan-2021, 02:47 AM

Ok sir. I found it today and there were at least 2 of them there which is unusual for an aberration. I've been thinking it could be new to science. Let me know if you come across more information. The genus cannot be anything else than Catochrysops .

Psyche

31-Jan-2021, 06:55 AM

Catochrysops strabo strabo.

Throughout continental Asia there are only two known species of Catochrysops.

The dsf of C. strabo may loses all its black spots.

The submarginal spots are a clue to its ID.

In C. strabo, the submarginal spots have mostly straight margins & form a regular band.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/599_63903-694-5f270a1062969-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/379_10720-409-569c122693b65-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/607_22102-877-5a12c39547ddd-1.jpg

In C. panormus, the submarginal spots are chevrons (shallow 'V's ) & form a zigzag band.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/97_56163-367-5eac642f2c200-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/416_43803-798-5d6e8e797a19e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/279_26819-80-5aad26e67f80c-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

01-Feb-2021, 07:13 PM

Thank you very much, sir. Could you please look at this Celastrina as well?
26869
26870

Psyche

01-Feb-2021, 09:04 PM

POst 59.

Celastrina argiolus iynteana. male dsf.
This the same as the mae from Nan below.
Matching features are on the upperside.
11. FW blue with a faint white discal patch.
2. FW black border tapers down to tornus.
3. HW more uniform blue with the veins not or barely darken.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/80860010.html

The male C. gigas is uniformly darkish blue.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/2916/Celastrina-gigas

The males of C. hersilia have the HW with the veins strongly darken,
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/80863010.html

The other males have a uniform blue FW without the faint white patch.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/80865010.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celastrina_huegeli#/media/File:CelastrinaHuegeliiOreoidesMFUpUnAC1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

25-Feb-2021, 11:43 PM

This is a little weird for Hasora chromus chromus.

26883

Psyche

26-Feb-2021, 08:34 PM

Post 61.

Should be Hasora taminatus bhavara.

H. chromus chromus.
FW usually without a subapical spot 6. (examples with spot 6 not uncommon)
UnH mostly uniform brown with a weak purple sheen.
UnH band rather uniform in width with both margins irregular.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90210001.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/106_21597-181-5a03e75559959-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/622_47447-505-5dbb345862f28-1.jpg

Hasora vitta indica.
FW almost always with a subapical spot 6.
UnH band broaden in the upper half, where the outer margin is rather diffuse.
UnH outer half purplish brown & inner half pale greyish blue.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90250010.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/HasoraVitta/HasoraVitta_KrushnameghKunte_ai834.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/1069_41242-492-5ceabbe560ccc-1.jpg

H. taminatus bhavara.
FW almost always without a subapical spot 6.
UnH band with the band somewhat wider in the upper half, the outer margin less diffuse.
UnH inner half greenish blue & outer half purplish brown.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90220020.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/HasoraTaminatus/HasoraTaminatus_TarunKarmakar_ap100.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/HasoraTaminatus/01HasoraTerminatus_KrushnameghKunte_ah939.jpg

H. khoda coulteri
FW without a subapical spot.
UnH brown, white band with defined margins.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90260010.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

28-Feb-2021, 09:10 PM

Many thanks to you, sir! Could you please look at these Aeromachus also?

1.26884

2.26885

3.26886

4.26887

Psyche

01-Mar-2021, 01:04 AM

Post 63.

1 Probably A. jhora. Correction Have to be A. jhora. Antennal club too gradual & narrow to be A. pygmaeus. Also FW cilia chequered.
2, 3, & 4 are A. jhora.

A. pygmaeus.
Labial palp ( palpi 2nd segment)= face, whitish.
Antennal club, end rounded without a defined apiculus (tip). Antenna very short.
FW cilia uniformly dark.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/379_15309-643-582c9c6ff0de5-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/83_15047-671-581dd0859d87f-1.jpg

A. jhora
Labial palp whitish.
Antennal club with a defined apiculus.
FW cilia typically chequered.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/93_17672-41-58e4efd937b4e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1611_63155-377-5f1804a7ebc17-1.jpg

A. dubius.
Labial palp brownish.
Antennal club with apiculus.
Underside spots ochreous.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/739_22044-417-5a11a94ce4197-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/1_29028-561-5aef217745438-1.jpg

A. kali.
Labial palp dark brown.
Antennal club with an apiculus.
Underside spots white tinged lilac/blue.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/AeromachusKali/AeromachusKali_TarunKarmakar_an949.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/AeromachusKali/AeromachusKali_TarunKarmakar_an948.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

03-Mar-2021, 01:36 PM

Thank you, sir. There are some Aeromachus with checkered cilia and long antennal club while there are some consistently without checkered cilia also with somewhat long or gradual antennae. The ones without checkered cilia have rather washed out HW spots.

1. 26888

2. 26889

3. 26890

Nawab

03-Mar-2021, 01:41 PM

P.S.: I also saw those uncheckered cilia individuals with gradual antennae mating.

26891

Psyche

03-Mar-2021, 07:00 PM

I just found out that A. dubius impha have white labial palps & look exactly like A. jhora.

South India have only two species A. dubius & pygmaeus so these two can be sorted out.

A. dubius dubius.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/0-boi/as545.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/1_29028-561-5aef217745438-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/AeromachusDubius/02AeromachusDubius_KrushnameghKunte_aa892.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/1_9243-964-5630d674786a0-1.jpg

A. pygmaeus.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/573_21533-329-5a01e057725c2-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/520_15470-218-5837e53172b5f-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/446_15743-694-585e7de842924-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/164_20705-457-59ea0d6f34231-1.jpg

A. jhora creta HK.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/--wnjfckuHmc/WjFDQs1wQ6I/AAAAAAAATt0/2B1wLnSXqrgSO20esTpjhzCENT2WMSJRwCLcBGAs/s1600/HFH4298%2BAeromachus%2Bjhora%2B%25E5%25AF%25AC%25E 9%258D%2594%25E5%25BC%2584%25E8%259D%25B6%2B.JPG
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/18513325/large.jpg?1545328590
http://woxiong.butterfly-photo.com/displayimage.php?album=178&pid=1376

A. dubius impha.
Thailand.
http://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Aeromachus-dubius.jpg
This below ,a male with straight FW margin looks to be male A. jhora
https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Aeromachus-dubius-impha
Compare male jhora.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeromachus_jhora#/media/File:Jhora.jpg

(TBC).

Psyche

03-Mar-2021, 08:03 PM

The difference between A. dubius & jhora as given in the key of BMP (butterflies of the Malay Peninsula.)

Antennal apiculus beginning beyond the thickest part of the club, & usually at right angle to the club.............................................. A. jhora.

Antennal apiculus beginning at the thickest part of the club & not at right angle to the club. Wings more rounded....................................A. dubius.

It is impossible to judge the position of the apiculus except in a top down view in a set specimen.

Psyche

03-Mar-2021, 11:29 PM

Valid A. jhora India for comparison.
Note front antenna with the apiculus (tip) bent out.
http://www.flutters.org/home/photogallery/index.php?level=picture&id=2733

Psyche

04-Mar-2021, 01:11 AM

Post 63.

1, 2, 3, $ 4.
Aeromachus jhora jhora. ;Antennal club with a more gradual thickening ; FW cilia usually chequered.

Post 65.
1 Aeromachus pygmaeus. Correction: A. dubius impha.
Antennal club abruptly thicken, the end rounded without a point.FW cilia generally dark, not chequered.

2 & 3 . Aeromachus dubious impha. (Zooming into image 3 shows club with tip )
Antennal club somewhat abruptly thicken but ending with a tip. FW cilia usually chequered.

Post 66. Mating pair, male above.
Aeromachus jhora jhora.
Antennal club gradually thicken with a tip. FW cilia usually chequered.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

04-Mar-2021, 02:10 AM

Thank you so much for going into detail, sir. I'm still stuck with Post 65. #1 Aeromachus pygmaeus though and some of such individuals. The FW cilia isn't checkered but the antennae is long and gradual. In that particular pic, the antennae isn't well focused, my bad. Here's a more proper one of the same individual. I agree with you on Aeromachus dubious impha, and since both were flying around together and were taken on same date, I think #1 Aeromachus pygmaeus is also Aeromachus dubious impha. I have some specimens avaialbe but sadly I cannot dissect because I don't have the miscroscope. I'll let you know what comes out when I dissect it one day. Thank you for everything again.

65. #1. Focused antenna

26892

Psyche

04-Mar-2021, 05:27 AM

Post 71.

Concur with you that Post 65 #1 is A. dubius impha.
The antennal club is definitely elongate.

There is very little difference between A. jhora & dubius impha.

What the description meant is in A. jhora the antennal club is longer, more gradual, becoming thickest, than narrowing forward before the apiculus is joined.
AS seen here.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeromachus_jhora#/media/File:Jhora.jpg

In A. dubius impha, the antennal club at its thickest is joined by the apiculus, thus the club is shorter with a more abrupt appearance.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

04-Mar-2021, 01:04 PM

Wow, thank you sir! That really simplifies it. And A. pygmaeus will always have antenna without apiculus, right? At all instances?

Psyche

04-Mar-2021, 07:21 PM

Wow, thank you sir! That really simplifies it. And A. pygmaeus will always have antenna without apiculus, right? At all instances?

Essentially so.
The description for A. pygmaeus read.
Antenna with the tip blunt, the club straight without a well-defined apiculus.The antenna is short, less than 1/2 the length of the costa.
Also A. pygmaeus is very small FW < 10mm . A set specimen is half the size of A. jhora.

The great difficulty is between A. jhora & dubius.
The club in jhora is more cylindrical & that in dubius more bulbous (bulging) but the difference appear slight.
eg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/93_17672-41-58e4efd937b4e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/AeromachusDubius/02AeromachusDubius_KrushnameghKunte_aa892.jpg

The UnH in A. dubius is not constant.
SOme example have reduced HW spots & resembles ssp dubius.
eg. ssp impha from Thailand marked as in ssp dubius.
http://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Aeromachus-dubius.jpg
Others not so.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91110010.html

If you have specimens you could check on the antennal features.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

14-Mar-2021, 01:21 PM

Sir, could you please look at this Rapala?

26894
26896

Psyche

14-Mar-2021, 05:34 PM

Post 75.

Very likely to be Rapala manea male.

Very worn Blue flash on lower FW, vaguely on HW.

UnH postdiscal band crooked, eliminating straight band species eg R. nissa, rectivitta, rosacea/melida.
Tornal black spot reduced as in dsf.

R. varuna have broad bands.
R. scintilla is blueshot only on HW.

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/83_2916-477-54b1337aa0d9e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/200_22411-189-5a1a32af2fdd4-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/83_9654-989-564ac000cb7f6-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

17-Mar-2021, 07:18 PM

Thank you so much, sir. Are these Telicota bambusae or T. ohara jix?
1.
26897
26898

2.
26899
26900

Psyche

17-Mar-2021, 09:49 PM

Post 77.

They are both T. ohara jix.

T. ohara jix.
FW with male brand very narrow, straight & usually close to the outer border of the black space.
UnH band with the inner margin straight or mostly so.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/monsoon_jyoti_gogoi/4258299793/in/photostream/
https://www.flickr.com/photos/monsoon_jyoti_gogoi/4258299791/in/photostream/
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Telicota-ohara-1.jpg

T. bambusae bambusae.
FW male brand broader & placed in the middle of the black space.
UnH band inner margin strongly notched in space 4 .
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/TelicotaBambusae/01TelicotaBambusae_KSaji_ad012.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/3065653e7173dd76db.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/83_19028-184-59709d794d73a-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

19-Mar-2021, 12:34 AM

Many thanks, sir. Pseudocoladenia fatih and fatua always confuse me, some individuals are so intermediate. Would this be fatua?

26901

Nawab

19-Mar-2021, 01:53 AM

Sir, also, I'm very much confused by this royal. Could you check please?
26902
26903

Psyche

19-Mar-2021, 07:59 PM

Post 79.

Very difficult.
Based on your location in Nepal it should be P. fatih.

The species are very similar & were onced considered as ssp.

P. dan fabia.
FW spot 2 & 3 with little or no overlap.
FW cellend spot outer margin more strongly notched.
Range Sikkim to Myanmar ,Ataran.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/av091.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/135_10672-18-5698cf3866614-1.jpg

P. festa.
FW hyaline spots large & contiguous ; Spot 3 almost filling the base of space 3.
Ground dark & dark spots often obscure. variable.
Male hyaline spots distinctly yellow.
Range Sikkim to Myanmar.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90640020.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1611_74942-347-5fb8d901ba965-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/a-28804.jpg

P. fatih & fatua.

FW spot 3 well away from the base of space 3, leaving a dark triangle.
FW spot 3 & spot 2 overlap at least by half (typically ).

P. fatih : Ground more ochreous, larger.
Range Kangra to Nepal.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/111_42079-447-5d12f42d5f970-1.jpg
There are forms in which the ground is reddish.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/596_44997-129-5d88a69fe8250-1.jpg

P. fatua : smaller & the ground should be strongly reddish.
Male FW more produced. Impossible to judge.
Range Sikkim to N. Myanmar
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/85_14152-369-57e7eb253737e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/346_54254-49-5e9a6b3ce2506-1.jpg
Browner form
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/97_57686-519-5ebc2924d5ec1-1.jpg

TL Seow; Cheers.

Psyche

19-Mar-2021, 10:41 PM

Sir, also, I'm very much confused by this royal. Could you check please?
26902
26903

Likely to be a female Pratapa deva lila.
The long labial palps 3rd segment & upperside pale blue suggest a female.
Dsf with reduced black spot UnH & UpH marginal spots.

Only Tajuria cippus & Pratapa deva lila may have the postdiscal band broken into linear streaks. Correction : also T. jehana.

Example with UnH spot reduced to a dot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/233_17497-384-58d8a68c36a60-2.jpg

Typical female with marginal black spots.Ssp. devana.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratapa_deva#/media/File:DevanaMFUpUn_479_AC1.jpg

TL Seow; Cheers.

Commander

20-Mar-2021, 12:57 AM

Tajuria cippus has jet black opaque eyes. This one's not a Tajuria for sure...

Nawab

20-Mar-2021, 01:02 AM

Thank you, sir. I was confused between Pratapa deva and Tajuria jehana actually. True, Tajuria cippus is very different with those black eyes.

Psyche

20-Mar-2021, 01:11 AM

Tajuria cippus has jet black opaque eyes. This one's not a Tajuria for sure...

Great observation here , Khew.

I somehow fail to notice it.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Psyche

20-Mar-2021, 01:22 AM

Thank you, sir. I was confused between Pratapa deva and Tajuria jehana actually. True, Tajuria cippus is very different with those black eyes.

You got a point here.

It also look similar to T. jehana as some have the HW band/line broken into streaks.

However if it is correctly a female, than the jehana female have much heavier HW markings.

TL Seow; Cheers.

Psyche

20-Mar-2021, 01:32 AM

T. jehana can be ruled out as the Postdiscal streaks are placed much closer to the termen (outer margin).
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/759_38388-883-5c48100116efe-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/596_43451-228-5d5c1843bd9b4-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

20-Mar-2021, 01:42 AM

That's a great point! Thank you so much, sir!

Nawab

31-Mar-2021, 12:46 AM

Some Pedesta?
26910

Psyche

31-Mar-2021, 02:00 AM

Post 89.

It should be Ochlodes brahma.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/298925328936be426b.jpg
O. siva have black lined spots.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/tx/334-Ochlodes

Pedesta masuriensis have white FW spots.
P. panda & pandita have obscure or obsolete HW spots.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/tx/304-Pedesta

TL Seow: Cheers

Nawab

31-Mar-2021, 02:37 AM

Thank you, sir. Looks right, but the antennal club is very different. Here's my Ochlodes brahma for comparison.

26911

Psyche

31-Mar-2021, 06:34 AM

In the post 89 shot there is a severe perspective distortion.

The antenna & wings are stretched out to the left & right as in a wide-angle shot.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

31-Mar-2021, 05:54 PM

That is possible, thank you sir!

Nawab

05-Apr-2021, 11:32 PM

Psyche

06-Apr-2021, 06:25 PM

Some Pedesta?
26910

Both shots show the same distortion ie the body is too long.

I think if the camera is set on wide angle for scenery shots, using the macro mode for closeup would cause the subject to be stretched out laterally ie left & right.
However, I will need a camera pro to comment on this.

It is possible both are of the same species.

In pic post 89 it is definitely a male (abdominal end, FW rounded apex & straight termen)
P. pandita can be ruled out as the male antenna is tipped orange & have a white spot.
Male P. pandita.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_47322-444-5db9200375cb7-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/346_55227-520-5ea2353f557fe-1.jpg
Female ;FW apex more pointed, termen convex, longer body profile.Antenna without a white dot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/93_29703-1-5b0a5529b5547-1.jpg

P. panda is not known to have HW spot.
It does not look quite right for Ochlodes brahma.

In a search for something similar, this appear to match Pedesta (Thoressa) masuriensis tali.
In the taxon tali the FW spots are yellow & the HW range from spotless to a variable number. The antenna is more gradual.
You may download the pdf, page 199, images 14 (spotless HW) & 15.
Not sure if this is possible. Zobodat pdf article.
https://www.google.com/search?q=notes+on+the+genus+thoressa&rlz=1C1MSIM_enMY705MY706&oq=notes+on+the+genus+thoressa&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.10083j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Author Hao Huang state that tali is so different that it is probably a different species.
HOwever it is found farther to the east in Sichuan & Yunnan.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

11-Apr-2021, 10:56 PM

Thank you, sir. I found a similar variant of Pedesta recently. Comparison with typical Pedesta masuriensis given for reference.
Typical Pedesta masuriensis.
1a.
26922
1b.
26923
HW spots missing, upper FW spots less compact, and background more brownish, almost like in P. pandita.
2a.
26924
2b.
26925

Nawab

11-Apr-2021, 11:02 PM

Could you look at this Neptis as well, sir? It seems like Neptis capnodes pandoces to me.
26927

Psyche

11-Apr-2021, 11:59 PM

Pedesta masuriensis tali is also elevated to full species as Pedesta tali.

You can see both here.
Fig 46 & 47 ( underside) P. masuriensis.

Fig 48 & 49 (underside) P. tali.
The underside often have 3 spots here rather diffuse.

https://zenodo.org/record/3990965#.YHMMQB8zaUk

TL Seow: Cheers.

Psyche

12-Apr-2021, 12:23 AM

Post 97.

Agreed. It should be Neptis capnodes.

4 species are somewhat similar.

FW submarginal spots gently curved at apex; FW postdiscal spots rounded & well separated.
HW discal band of nearly uniform width.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720190010.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720120010.html

FW submarginal spots distinctly bent in at apex; FW postdiscal spots may be large & close.

1. Neptis capnodes: HW discal band of nearly uniform width.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720170010.html

2. Neptis soma ;HW discal band broader at costa.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720180010.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

12-Apr-2021, 03:57 PM

Many thanks, sir. Could you check this Rapala as well? I think this is Rapala tara but the tornal spot isn't very much diffused. Maybe R. damona?
26928

Psyche

12-Apr-2021, 10:21 PM

Post 100.
Probably female Rapala dieneces.

4 species are somewhat similar with the postdiscal bands narrow, the HW band partly irregular & in space 1b (where the bluegrey patch is) forms a dome or arch.

Rapala tara: HW postdiscal band with several dislocation ,notably complete dislocation at vein 2 & 3.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/2913/Rapala-tara

Rapala suffusa. FW band curved bent towards the costa, HW orange crown obsolete, being yellow /ochreous & merging with the ground colour.
Indian forms have small black spot 2 & the arch/dome flatten.
Singapore 1 male ,2 females.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Rapala%20suffusa%20barthema/SuffushFlash_Jonathan.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/production-chroma/prism-thumbnails/photos/5eacab0f3c12ef2e6c93e4a0/d17422f2f564476faac77b74107b7996.jpg-resize_then_fit-_frame_bg_color_FAFAFA-h_353-crop_width_464-gravity_center-preserve_ratio_true-w_353-crop_height_464-crop_y_90-crop_x_152_.jpg
https://farm4.static.flickr.com/3301/3474959465_126294c2e6.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/3142/Rapala-suffusa

Rapala damona: FW postdiscal band curved in towards costa (variable) Male orange brown, female paler; orange crown not well defined.
Singapore male & probable female.
https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4600/27485579769_010662737f_c.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-66Xxi-yYPLc/Ux_ApPzQX9I/AAAAAAAALxM/g4QCADCzDrM/s1600/SuffusedFlash-SunnyC.png

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/3154/Rapala-damona

Rapala dieneces: FW postdiscal band usually fairly straight. HW orange crown better defined & contrasted from the ground colour; marginal zone often with yellow/orange shadings.
Singapore male & 3 female.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Nq8JtCdenzg/T6ex5MpgMGI/AAAAAAAAFzk/7O9lOYPyrcg/s1600/DSC0150+Scarlet+Flash.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Rapala%20dieneces%20dieneces/ScarletFlash%20-%20Chng.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Rapala%20dieneces%20dieneces/ScarletFlash_Nelson.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Rapala%20dieneces%20dieneces/ScarletFlash_Ellen.JPG

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/928/Rapala-dieneces

This female have the FW band straight though undulate & the HW orange crown better defined.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

18-Apr-2021, 01:11 AM

Sir, could you help me with these Choaspes, Cupido and Caltoris respectively?
1. https://www.flickr.com/photos/157512739@N03/51121504966/in/dateposted-public/

2. https://www.flickr.com/photos/157512739@N03/51121505991/in/dateposted-public/

3. https://www.flickr.com/photos/157512739@N03/51122296820/in/dateposted-public/

P.S: sorry, seems the pics don't show up. Will try later.
Update: Added from Flickr.

Psyche

18-Apr-2021, 05:12 PM

Post 102.

1. Should be Choaspes stigmata .

HW tail longer, pointed, longer than the black spot in space 1b; orange area from tail tip to inner margin of space 1b longer than HW cell.
Round spot in space 1b small, black space in space 1a (visible if open) well from the margin.
Evans state the two small black spots in space 2 are nearer vein 3 above them than vein 2 below them.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/90300010.html
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844845#/media/File:Close_wing_basking_of_Choaspes_stigmata_Evans ,_1932_%E2%80%93_Branded_Awlking_WLB-NEI_DSC_4533.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_53345-789-5e940d08403b2-1.jpg
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Close_wing_moisture_sucking_of_Choaspes_stigm ata_Evans,_1932_%E2%80%93_Branded_Awlking_WLB-NEI_DSC_4537.jpg

HW tail blunt. shorter than the round black spot in space 1b; length of orange area from tail tip to inner margin of space 1b =/less than HW cell length.

a. C. benjaminii HW round spot in space 1b small; black area in space 1a (visible if open as a 'V') not reaching near margin.
( All three images show the black area in space 1a, in the fold below the black spot, being far from the margin.)
Evans state the two small black spots in space 2 lie centrally between vein 2 & 3.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ChoaspesBenjaminii/ChoaspesBenjaminii_MilindBhakare_am792.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_27408-161-5ab9b83430fdb-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/94_57504-781-5eb939a11b1b8-1.jpg

b. C. furcata.HW black spot in space 1b large with an incurved head; black space in space 1a large reaching close to margin.
Evans stae the two small black spots in space 2 lie centrally between vein 2 & 3.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/av115.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1824_79151-642-6032c2f8efba2-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/94_57498-675-5eb9181320e8d-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/94_57500-653-5eb9193409023-1.jpg

c. C. xanthopogon. ;HW black spot in space 1b large but head straight; black area in space 1a reaching near margin.
Evans stae the two small black spots in space 2 lies nearer vein 2 below them than vein 3 above them.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/95_57124-980-5eb534ae88f3e-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1514_53265-973-5e934b81ad3ae-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/94_57505-659-5eb939f130b1c-1.jpg

Psyche

18-Apr-2021, 09:08 PM

Post 102.

2. should be Everes hugelii dipora. I am leaving it as Everes.
Note FW & HW postdiscal (or discal following Evans) spot 2 shifted in.

There seem a tremendous confusion with the two species E. argiades diporides & E. hugelii dipora.

Here is Evans' description of the two species.

E. argiades .
UnF discal spots all in line; UnH discal spots 2-5 on an even arc; male upF dark border under 2mm.
a. female uph orange spot at tornus .male upf border under 1mm........E. argiades diporides. Chitra to N. Burma.
b. female no orange spot at tornus. very variable ,WSF spots larger below; male border 1.5mm. ....E. argiades hellotia. Sikkim, Bhutan.

E. dipora (= E. hugelii dipora)
Unf discal spot in 2 shifted in; unh discal spots 3-5 in a straight line, spot in 2 shifted in.
Above male border > 2mm & often a prominent end cell spot.
Female uph no orange spot at tornus; unh orange spots more extensive & not sharply defined...... Kashmir to S. Shan States.

Following the above description .
E. argiades diporides.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/87_33827-40-5b9e558a11e12-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/87_33827-40-5b9e558a11e12-1.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/93_18106-354-590eaac452d14-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/93_18106-354-590eaac452d14-3.jpg

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/80590010.html

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/94_3520-75-54c765949415f-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/94_3520-75-54c765949415f-1.jpg

E. hugelii dipora.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/80610010.html

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/EveresHuegelii/EveresHuegelii_MilindBhakare_am715.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/EveresHuegelii/EveresHuegelii_MilindBhakare_am714.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/183_3254-376-54bcecad52e50-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/183_3254-376-54bcecad52e50-2.jpg

E. lacturnus ;HW spot 7 darker than the rest; all marginal & submarginal spots clear.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/958/Everes-lacturnus

Psyche

18-Apr-2021, 09:40 PM

Post 102

3 should be Caltoris cormasa. Correction: Probably Caltoris aurociliata.-

Most of the Caltoris have two cellspots, bromus, brunnea, cahira sirius, confusa, tenuis.
Others have no cellspots.

C. cormasa typically have one ceelspot though an upper tiny spot is not uncommon.
The FW spots are also more yellowidh than other species.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93340001.html
http://nlliew66butterflies.blogspot.com/2015/01/the-full-stop-swift-caltoris-cormasa.html

C. cormasa have a strong reddish tone but the white balance here looks incorrect, the leaf a bit grey.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

18-Apr-2021, 10:52 PM

Thank you so much, sir. Could the Caltoris be Caltoris aurociliata? The yellow cilia is strong.

Psyche

18-Apr-2021, 11:53 PM

Thank you so much, sir. Could the Caltoris be Caltoris aurociliata? The yellow cilia is strong.

I have thought about this but all the correct pix have 2 tiny subapical spots though this one with 3 subapical spots could be a female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/94_51423-465-5e6deb60d5e77-1.jpg

However at certain angle & lighting the cilia appears pale.
This below is a male Caltoris cormasa with the cilia appearing pale yellowish.
26934

Do you have another shot that will show the cilia is yellow in other view?
Otherwise it is difficult to tell if this is significant.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

19-Apr-2021, 12:57 AM

Same shot but with flash on.
26935

Flash off
26936

Nawab

19-Apr-2021, 01:42 AM

Looking at the images on Yutaka website, Caltoris cormasa seem to have much darker upperwings than those of Caltoris aurociliata. Much like in my individual. However, the shape of the FW cellspot doesn't match which looks much like a full-stop in cormasa than a bar in aurociliata.

Psyche

19-Apr-2021, 08:57 AM

You do have a point here.

However the shape of the lower cellspot varies in all species.
There are image of C. aurociliata with two small round cellspots.

Others like C. bromus & cahira may also have a similar large elliptical lower spot with the upper one missing.

C. cormasa is common in Singapore but 99% of shots do not show the upperside.
Here is one by Sunny Chir.
It was tentatively IDed as C. bromus because of the twin cellspots, but the reddish UnH suggest it is probably C. cormasa.
26937

Still a large lower elliptic cellspot seem the commoner form in C. aurociliata.
A positive ID is a side view showing the yellow cilia on both wings. It is the only species which can do that.

TL Seow: Cheers.

PS. I think you are right. It should be Caltoris aurociliata.
Although not the expected yellow-orange colour the cilia are sharply defined from the wing margins in this species.

Nawab

21-Apr-2021, 02:08 PM

Thank you so much, sir. I think I have two different Choaspes here. Could you check? C. benjaminii and C. furcata?

1. 26938

2. 26939

Psyche

21-Apr-2021, 02:43 PM

Post 11.

You got them right.

1. C. furcztz.
The black area in space 1a is large & comes close to the margin
The large spot in space 1b is angled inwards.

2. C. bejaminii japonica.
The black area in space 1a is small & does not come near the margin.
The spot in space 1b is not angled in.
The tail is particularly short.

Evans state of C. benjaminii & furcata, the two black spots in space 2 (which is partially orange) are placed centrally ie roughly equal distance from vein 2 below & vein 3 above.
In C. stigmata the two spots are nearer vein 3 above & in C. xanthopogon they are nearer vein 2 below.
Can be hard to judge.

Upperside male C. benjaminii mostly green; C. stigmata & furcata, basally green;C. xanthopogon mostly brown.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Psyche

25-Apr-2021, 12:15 AM

In response to Post 89.
The confusion grows. I found another individual but without HW spots, same place and same date and time. But I had apparently IDed this as Pedesta pandita, so was in a different folder. This leads me to think that Post 89 was same species with HW spots. Angle distortion seems weird since I have many pics of these individuals with same morphology. Could you share your thoughts, sir?
26918

I have just read through Evans' description of Pedesta & realised there are some confusion between P. panda & pandita.

Pedesta panda; FW spot in space 3 (spot 3) small & well-separated from the cellspot. Spot 2 is close to the cellspot.
Spots yellow.
Note FW subapical spots large & in line. Antennal tip orange without a white dot.

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/279_30130-4-5b1aa5919ed5f-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/279_30130-4-5b1aa5919ed5f-1.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/356_30024-604-5b15598ae8596-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/356_30024-604-5b15598ae8596-2.jpg

MisIDed.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/93_29702-823-5b0a52bd23ca2-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/93_29702-823-5b0a52bd23ca2-2.jpg

Pedesta pandita. FW spot 2 well-separated from the cellspot. Likewise so would spot 3.
Darker brown above & spots pale yellowish.
Note FW subapical spots smaller & tapering. Antennal tip orange with a white dot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_47322-444-5db9200375cb7-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_47322-444-5db9200375cb7-2.jpg

Variant with spot 2 & 3 not overlapping.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/346_55227-520-5ea2353f557fe-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/346_55227-520-5ea2353f557fe-1.jpg

Correction: Both examples of P. pandita are actually Thoressa hyrie.

The large subapical spots & antennal tip orange , without a white dot ID'ed this as Pandita panda. Correction: Conclusion in error.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

25-Apr-2021, 02:25 PM

Psyche

25-Apr-2021, 03:23 PM

Many thanks for looking into it, sir. So, Pedesta pandita, both male and female, have white dot on antennae? This means most of the IDs on ifoundbutterflies are incorrect and P. panda possibly extends further west from Nagaland, up to Nepal.

It seems P. panda is the commoner species & P. pandita is the much rarer.

The correct images of both species are based on the UpF spots arrangement & there is no ambiguity between the two species , ie. the spot arrangement is distinct for each species.
The spots are also distinctly yellow in P. panda.

All correct images are male & the antennal colour of the female can only be inferred at.

Pedesta is very closely related to Halpe which also show similar antennal tip colour.

Species like Halpe zema, zola & ormenes have the antennal tip orange with a white dot in both sexes.
H. zema.
Male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/296965308ff2a400ad.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/171_41431-901-5cf5419d92fff-3.jpg

Halpe ormenes female on the right. Singapore.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Halpe%20ormenes%20vilasina/Dark%20Banded%20Ace%20-%20Bene%20Tay.jpg

Most species without the white dot.
H. hindu male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/379_21041-455-59f70110aeaa5-1.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/HalpeHindu/01HalpeHindu_KSaji_ad984.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

PS. Need to check out possible confusion of P. pandita & Thoressa hyrie.

Psyche

25-Apr-2021, 04:12 PM

Correction.
All examples of P. pandita in which the antenna tip have a white dot at the base are Thoressa hyrie.

These are Thoressa hyrie.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_47322-444-5db9200375cb7-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_47322-444-5db9200375cb7-2.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/346_55227-520-5ea2353f557fe-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/346_55227-520-5ea2353f557fe-1.jpg

Pedesta pandita ;FW spot 2 & 3 broadly overlapping & well separated from the cellspot. Subapical spots large & in line.
Antennal tip orange without a white dot.
Correct image of Pedesta pandita.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/PedestaPandita/PedestaPandita_GauravAgavekar_aa653.jpg

Psyche

25-Apr-2021, 07:19 PM

http://www.butterflycircle.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=26918

Based on its overall brownish shading it is likely to be P. pandita.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/PedestaPandita/PedestaPandita_KrushnameghKunte_an485.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedesta_pandita

The main doubt is the more gradual antennal club.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

26-Apr-2021, 09:47 PM

That's a great digging, sir! That's why I was wondering why Pedesta pandita had a male brand. I do agree that my species is P. pandita. Thank you so much again!

Psyche

27-Apr-2021, 05:39 PM

That's a great digging, sir! That's why I was wondering why Pedesta pandita had a male brand. I do agree that my species is P. pandita. Thank you so much again!

You are right about the male brand.
All Pedesta species have none.

Everybody make errors.
Even many museum lodged specimens are misidentified.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

07-May-2021, 02:58 AM

Sir, could you look at this Erionota please?

26941

Psyche

07-May-2021, 08:08 PM

Post 120.

Male Erionota torus.

There are a lot of confusion with the Erionota spp.

E. torus. FW 30/36 mm.
FW margin strongly convexc, apex more pointed in the female.
Antennal club 1/2 white above in female & 1/2 to 2/3 white above in the male.
HW patch broad & more or less uniform width.
UpF apex may have white shading.
Male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/649_69938-374-5f733a0fd691d-1.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erionota_torus#/media/File:Erionota_torus-Kadavoor-2016-06-10-001.jpg
https://www.pbase.com/dancy/image/82916318
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/tbf208.jpg

Female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Erionota%20torus/Sunny-Chir---EOS-1D-Mark-III--20_01_2012--0882.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/97_7869-71-55d474950f711-2.jpg

E. thrax. FW 31/37 mm.
FW apex sharper & margin straight. UpF apical margin may be lightly shaded white.
Antennal club 1/2 white in female & 2/3 white in male.
HW patch relatively broad throughout.

Male.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Erionota%20thrax%20thrax/Banana%20Skipper%20-%20Khew.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/233_4665-933-55094553af268-1.jpg

Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ErionotaThrax/01ErionotaThrax_KrushnameghKunte_ag436.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Erionota%20thrax%20thrax/Sunny-Chir---EOS-1D-Mark-III--28_01_2012--0060.jpg

.
E. acroleuca apicalis

Previously the continental population was given as E. acroleuca apex.
Taxon apex type location Luzon is now considered as a ssp or full species & is not aplicable to the mainland population (unless the Philippine & continental forms are considered the same.)
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92340010.html
There does not seem to be any article treating taxon apex as a separate species.
See PDF ,A taxonomic note on Erionota acroleuca.
https://www.google.com/search?q=erionota+apex+revision&rlz=1C1MSIM_enMY705MY706&oq=erionota+apex+revision&aqs=chrome..69i57.10701j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

FW sharp ,margin straight. UpF apical margin shaded white but may be brown.
Antennal club fully white above in the male & 1/2 white in the female.
HW with the pale patch much narrower in the upper half.
Smaller FW 29/31 mm.

Male.
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Erionota-hiraca-1-1080x720.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Erionota%20hiraca%20apicalis/Erionota-hiraca-apicalis%20-%20sunny.jpg

Female.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oGOIfwCnqFo/Voi16-GCzAI/AAAAAAAAlLE/5t1j1UrhHe0/s1600/WTBS_female_01.jpg

Unusual form E. torus males with large white are on the club. HW patch partially narrower .Probably of hybrid origin with E. acroleuca.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_53920-988-5e975f86b3ed0-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_55187-430-5ea1a2e3adf8f-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

08-May-2021, 07:05 PM

Many thanks, sir. What do you think of this Callerebia?

26945

26946

Psyche

08-May-2021, 08:34 PM

Post 122.

Callerebia hybrida.

Two species have prominent ocelli in space 1b & 2 & a UnH dark discal fascia which is strongly stepped at vein 5.

C. annanda.
HW discal fascia more diffuse , especially in the upper part..
HW submarginal fascia broad running into & connecting the two ocelli in space 1b & 2.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/93_772-992-544dbeca0bcea-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/187_43386-676-5d5842bf0dc09-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/2875/Callerebia-annada

C. hybrida.
HW discal fascia sharper, more linear.
HW submarginal fascia also more linear & runs short of connecting the two ocelli.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/113_44945-738-5d8773278ff25-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/2855/Callerebia-hybrida

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

08-May-2021, 08:40 PM

Thank you, sir. Those are great keys!

Nawab

09-May-2021, 08:38 PM

Sir, could you check this Catochrysops?
26958
26959

Psyche

09-May-2021, 10:00 PM

Post 125.

The two spwcies can be hard to judge in some cases.
The position of the costal spot can be ambiguous.
The text states in C. panormus the FW costal spot is adjoining the band ,meaning it is very close to it.
The upperside colouration is also hard to judge in photos.

Here are pictures of both.

C. panormus male.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/81010010.html

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/822_53872-829-5e973db012a21-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/822_53872-829-5e973db012a21-2.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/CatochrysopsPanormus/CatochrysopsPanormus_KrushnameghKunte_ah952.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/0-boi/CatochrysopsPanormus_KrushnameghKunte_ah951.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/CatochrysopsPanormus/Catochrysops%20panormus_MilindBhakare_al137.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/CatochrysopsPanormus/Catochrysops%20panormus_MilindBhakare_al136.jpg

C. strabo. male.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/81000001.html

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/CatochrysopsStrabo/CatochrysopsStrabo_SubramanyamKalluri_ak117.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/CatochrysopsStrabo/CatochrysopsStrabo_SubramanyamKalluri_ak116.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/tbe590.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/tbe589.jpg

In male C. strabo the FW submarginal chevrons are more flatten out so that the submarginal band have more level margins.
On the HW the submarginal chevrons are all rather broad.

In C. panormus male, the FW submarginal chevrons are strongly V-shaped.
On the HW the submarginal chevrons are all narrower.

From all the examples this individual is a C. strabo male . The upperside normally have darker outer streaks

The females of both species have UnH submarginal chevrons broad.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/CatochrysopsStrabo/CatochrysopsStrabo_SubramanyamKalluri_ak122.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/CatochrysopsStrabo/CatochrysopsStrabo_SubramanyamKalluri_ak123.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/589_22926-410-5a2b9fe924dd5-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

09-May-2021, 10:08 PM

Thank you, sir. I had an impression that silvery veins on upperwings means C. panormus.

Psyche

09-May-2021, 10:37 PM

Thank you, sir. I had an impression that silvery veins on upperwings means C. panormus.

The vein stripes are present in both species at certain angle & is not diagnostic.
The text state C. panormus male is pale clear blue & in C. strabo male it is lilact (pale purplish blue).
In photos the colour varies so much it is impossible to judge.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Psyche

10-May-2021, 10:42 AM

Thank you, sir. I had an impression that silvery veins on upperwings means C. panormus.

I think you are right here.

So far in India this feature is consistent.
It would appear that the silvery veins are evident only when the butterfly is still alive.

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/137_9717-328-564e0ccd146d3-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/137_9717-328-564e0ccd146d3-2.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/944_34078-295-5ba38ed04bfcc-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/944_34078-295-5ba38ed04bfcc-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.
PS. As for post 125 it should still be C. strabo.
Similar to this male.
https://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/India%20-%20Catochrysops%20strabo.htm

PS 2. Australia have only species, C. panormus. (+ a totally different C. amasea.)
This is C. panormus in Australia.
https://dl.id.au/1/g.php?c=4&i=162
http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/lyca/panormus.html

Nawab

11-May-2021, 02:39 AM

Noted. Thank you again for confirming, sir.

Nawab

11-May-2021, 09:53 AM

Sir, could you please see this?
26960

Antenna closeup
26961

Nawab

16-May-2021, 03:21 PM

Which Neptis?

26963
26964

Psyche

16-May-2021, 05:35 PM

Post 131.

Should be Parnara bada probably dsf with poorly defined markings.

Parnara have shorter antenna, a thicker club & a short apiculus which sometimes not visible.

P. mathias almost always with a HW cellspot. longer antennal with gradual club & apiculus.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/821/Pelopidas-mathias

Parnara bada; FW with spot 3 equidistant from spot 2 & 4.
HW typically with a spot 6. Spots 2 - 5 usually small & rounded.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/164_6426-607-555b4119c8e50-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/164_6426-607-555b4119c8e50-1.jpg

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93050001.html

Parnara ganga FW spot 3 typically nearer spot 2 & farther from spot 4. A small lower cellspot may be present.
HW almost always without a spot 6. Spots 2 - 5 tend to be larger & conjoined.
http://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot.com/2015/08/135-parnara-ganga-continental-swift.html

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/270_8060-638-55e5fdba7a69f-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/270_8060-638-55e5fdba7a69f-1.jpg

http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93040001.html

Psyche

16-May-2021, 05:44 PM

Post 132.

Neptis nata adipala.
FW submarginal spots distinctly bent in at apex.
FW posdiscal spots rounded & well separated.
HW discal white band of uniform width.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720190010.html

Similar.
FW submarginal spots strongly bent in at apex.
FW postdiscal spots larger & closer together.
HW white discal band widens toward the costa (upper margin).
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720180010.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

20-May-2021, 01:57 AM

Sir, would this be Seseria sambara?
26992

Psyche

20-May-2021, 07:16 PM

Post 135.

Seseria dohertyi.

The two species can be very confusingly difficult.

Seseria sambara.
FW with the discal spot in space 1b typically narrow & notched/excavate on the outer margin.
FW white patch in space 1a (on the lower margin) obsolete in wsf or weak narrow & sullie4d.
HW upper end of white band in space 7 narrower or about equal in width to the outer postdiscal black spot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/a-28781.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/a-28782.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/94_27801-409-5ac372f8f0f8d-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/85_5890-782-5539ba28b52ad-1.jpg

Seseria dohertyi.
FW with the white spot in space 1b with a straighter outer margin.
White patch in space 1a typically prominent & wide.
HW upper end of white band in space 7 wide, 1.5 to 2.5 X wider than the outer black postdiscal spot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/a-28776.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/a-28778.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1611_82344-657-609ab3606f411-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/SeseriaDohertyi/SeseriaDohertyi_MilindBhakare_am863.jpg

S. dohertyi is much commoner.
Intermediates occur.
Many misID'ed as S. sambara.
eg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/558_17745-786-58f1d2e3abce8-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/622_28144-316-5acdc3764d007-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

25-May-2021, 01:17 AM

Sir, is this Neptis nata adipala or N. capnodes pandoces?

27056
27057

Psyche

25-May-2021, 01:53 AM

Post 137.

This should be Neptis capnodes.

The markings appear identical to N. nata but larger.
FW with submarginal spots curved in at apex.
FW postdiscal spots larger & closer; likewise the two subapical spots.
HW discal band expanding slightly upwards.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720170010.html

The differences are slight but consistent.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lim1/720190010.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

25-May-2021, 01:56 AM

Thank you, sir. That's what I thought.

Nawab

25-May-2021, 05:44 PM

Sir, is this Ypthima avanta?

27073

Psyche

25-May-2021, 06:15 PM

Post 140.

It should be Y. avanta.
The lower 3 spots are in a straight line.

In the other similar 5 rings, Y. baldus, affectata, & persimilis the lower 3 ocelli are out of line.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

27-May-2021, 09:59 PM

Post 94. Page 10.
Sir, I just realized this could be a Sovia grahami.

Psyche

28-May-2021, 12:27 AM

Post 94. Page 10.
Sir, I just realized this could be a Sovia grahami.

Quite right.
Long body & gradual antenna.

I thought all Sovia were heavily spotted like S. albipecta.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MXwJjTYriK8/UoTswBmal-I/AAAAAAAAMgg/jwaYRJdJdTY/s1600/HFH8679+Sovia+albipecta+(Silver-+breast+Ace).jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.
PS.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_45895-244-5d983bea010aa-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_20077-633-59c4a3dbb4038-2.jpg

Psyche

28-May-2021, 01:02 AM

In response to Post 89.
26918

Both Sovia lucasi & separata have chequered cilia.

The underside of S. grahami is stated to be ochreous brown in FW apex costa & HW.

The underside of S. malta FW apex, costa & HW is ferruginous ie rusty brown.

So it should be correctly S. grahami.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

28-May-2021, 02:07 AM

Just wondering if the antenna apiculus color is correct. Heard S. grahami has white at club end.

Psyche

28-May-2021, 06:49 AM

I forgot what was discussed later.

It can not be S. grahami.
S. grahami have black antennae & white spots. This pic compared to valid images is correct.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/94_45895-244-5d983bea010aa-1.jpg

The salient point is the large yellow subapical spots which matches P. pandita but the antenna club appear too long.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

06-Jun-2021, 09:57 PM

Sir, could you look at these Caltoris please? I believe the third one is Caltoris cahira which is common in Nepal and has brown underside but the other ones have almost reddish undersides.
1a
27127
1b
27128
2a
27129
2b
27130
3
27131

Psyche

07-Jun-2021, 12:22 AM

I presumed you are certain that 1a & 1b are the same insect since the colour difference is quite marked.

I will go thru the Caltoris with two FW cellspots again.

C. bromus ;FW UnF usually a spot 1b (Evans state always but ths is not true.)
UnH dark brown overlaid with ochreous scales; Female may have spots in space 2 & 3.

Male showing no UpF spot 1b but a UnF spot 1b.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1611_65198-769-5f4f5e290e3d3-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1611_65198-769-5f4f5e290e3d3-2.jpg
1st male Taiwan with upper FW cellspot missing. (Note Taiwan have only two species C. bromus & cahira. Correction: a 3rd C. ranrunna is known.))
http://idv.sinica.edu.tw/ynsu/photo/butterfly/slides/02-23-2-DSC_7726.html
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/mCDbVbDdrqyeX-KUiml3ZAoj7QJkJFobE73P_IXX1Qp4oLOxYF27ZjMM5MEY707n YBG_iBmIfBWA10XRjpfBtGFt71oZ74Uj-tojb5r10T7U6U6dIEZLa1bt1jp3xXUGgeJ9FPlVH8dE
Females.Taiwan
https://eoldata.taibif.tw/files/eoldata/imagecache/data_object_image/images/252/h34-2-1.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/53747735@N08/6191990971/in/photostream/
https://farm3.static.flickr.com/2813/9509360804_aec2551d54_b.jpg

C. cahira austeni.UnF male no spot 1b
UnH uniformly darker brown or chocolate.
Male P. Malaysia
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gancw1/21680122591
Sikkim
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1611_58606-944-5ec9e60bdb11a-1.jpg
Taiwan
http://butterfly-taiwan.blogspot.com/2011/08/h34-1.html
Female Singapore.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7l1dr3n_gKc/UNkf7-O6cQI/AAAAAAAAIJg/leZVbtGOi8k/s1600/DFP+2252+Caltoris+bromus.jpg
Female Taiwan.
https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8170/7969810082_4448f3ce8b_z.jpg

C. brunnea; Male with brand similar to Pelopidas.
UnH deep purple brown .
Male.
https://www.neutron.phys.ethz.ch/Lepidoptera/Collecting/2010-2011/Az11-1092R.jpg
https://www.neutron.phys.ethz.ch/Lepidoptera/Collecting/2010-2011/Az11-1092V.jpg
http://www.samuibutterflies.com/insects/butterflies/hesperidae/caltorisbrunneacaere/

C. tenuis Body with greenish hair & UnH with greenish scales.
Paschimbanga
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caltoris_cahira_austeni#/media/File:Close_wing_position_of_Caltoris_cahira_austen i_Moore,_1883_-_Austen's_swift_WLB_DSC_4180.jpg

C. cormasa; UpF with upper cellspot absent or tiny.
UnH with deeper reddish brown tone; Spots tend to yellowish.
Singapore.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1mxC9fmsGu0/VGOQLox6uJI/AAAAAAAAfXI/MzDK3T1EV9I/s1600/CC_field_02.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TjKxWVHrQmg/VGbOal2gmXI/AAAAAAAAfZE/UXtIkUB2kE0/s1600/CC_adult_CherHern_01.jpg
Female P. Malaysia.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dg1jseJPJ2g/VMOMMYRta1I/AAAAAAAATvM/76OWCJaA7Yc/s1600/DSC_0115.JPG

C. chimdroa ; cilia bright yellow.

C. sirius: UpF with a spot 1b in both sexes.
UnH ochreous brown
Probable Caltoris sirius. UpF & UnF shows a distinct spot 1b.
C. bromus male occasionally shows a spot 1b UpF & below but it is diffuse.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/26689187@N00/4792991787/in/album-72157624014448123/

C. confusa ; Dark brown
FW spots reduced especially upper cellspot & spot 3 may be absent.
Probable C. confusa ,Arunachal Pradesh,
There is a great reduction of spots ie upper cellspot is missing, spot 3 is tiny & subapical spot 7 a dot.
The colour is not reddish as in C. cormasa, nor deep brown as in C. bromus or cahira .
https://www.flickr.com/photos/26689187@N00/4644367365

Psyche

07-Jun-2021, 12:31 AM

Post 147.

1 should be C. bromus.
Although there is no UnF spot 1b, the UnH brown is not dark enough in pic 1b to indicate C. cahira.

2 is very unusual in that the 3 subapical spots are in line.
FW upper cellspot is much reduced but this can happen in both C. bromus & cahira.
The darke shading on UnH is uneven & much as in this male C. bromus.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1611_65198-769-5f4f5e290e3d3-1.jpg
Probably male C. bromus.

3. UnF & UnH are evenly brown
UnF spot 3 & upper cellspot are almost obsolete.
Uncertain. Perhaps C. confusa.

TL Seow : Cheers.

Nawab

02-Sep-2021, 07:44 PM

Hello sir. How have you been? Could you please look at these species for me?
1. Neptis miah? A little abnormal.
27316
27317
2. Rohana tonkiniana? Was larger in size.

27318
3. R. parisatis? Was much smaller.
27319

4. Lethe kansa?
27320
5. Caltoris sirius? Was a female. I have a genialia image if required.
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27322

Nawab

04-Sep-2021, 01:57 PM

Sir, could you also check this Euploea sp. along with the above ones?
27324

Psyche

04-Sep-2021, 04:33 PM

Post 150.

1. Neptis ananta.

Three species in which the the FW submarginal band is largely greyish can be confusing.

Neptis miah.
Fw subapical band entire (not divided) & connected to the postdiscal spots.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/3040353b95f9895ec1.jpg

The other two have the subapical band divided & also separated from the postdiscal spots.

Neptis ananta.
FW with spot 6 of the subapical fascia much wider in the upper half.
Cell bar not so strongly notched at cellend.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/942_30472-626-5b3069cdbf8f5-1.jpg

Neptis namba.
FW with spot 6 of the subapical fascia narrow & only slightly broad in the upper half.
Cell bar strongly notched at the cellend.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/a-28770.jpg

Psyche

04-Sep-2021, 04:46 PM

Post 150 . 2 & 3.

I supposed Rohana tonkiniana has recently been recorded in Nepal.

I think you have these in reverse.

These two are very similar.

R. parisatis.
Male UpF ground colour uniformly black.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/apa/750010020.html

R. tonkiniana.
UpF ground colour paler at the apical margin.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/apa/750020010.html

The difference can only be seen in the fieldshots at the bottom of each webpage.

Psyche

04-Sep-2021, 04:54 PM

Post150.
4. Lethe kansa is right.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/135_5057-168-55225ab14f764-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2014/97_453-503-542cf4598a87c-1.jpg

Psyche

04-Sep-2021, 05:17 PM

Post 150.

5. More lightly the female of Caltoris brunnea.

C. sirius is ochreous brown on the underside & the upper cellspot tend to be small or even absent.
Male have a spot in sdpace 1b UpF as in the female.
There are two pix in this pdf file on Butts in Tripura.
https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rche/v47n1/0718-8994-rche-47-01-35.pdf
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93280001.html

C. brunnea have two large FW cellspots & is purplish brown on the underside.
Male have a brand as in Pelopidas.
Male.
https://www.neutron.phys.ethz.ch/Lepidoptera/Collecting/2010-2011/Az11-1092R.jpg
https://www.neutron.phys.ethz.ch/Lepidoptera/Collecting/2010-2011/Az11-1092V.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93260010.html

Psyche

04-Sep-2021, 05:27 PM

Post 151.

This matched very well with E. algea deione.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/1_27410-399-5ab9c956c86f4-1.jpg

The next closest.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_59995-349-5ee10b4b8aedb-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

06-Sep-2021, 03:16 AM

Thank you so much, sir. Could you look at this Ypthima as well. No fascia at all. Y. kasmira?

27325

Psyche

06-Sep-2021, 10:24 AM

Post 157.

Ypthima huebneri.
On the FW the discal fascia to the inside of the ocellus is visible. The submarginal fascia is also prominent.

Evans states of kasmira, 'Below all fasciae obsolete.'
Only the submarginal fascia may be vaguely seen.

Y. kasmira.
Dsf & semi-dsf. Pakistan.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20384944
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/20364620

Wsf.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/183_19901-912-59be0bed2a752-1.jpg

Perhaps a DNA analysis is needed to see if Y. kasmira deserves to be a full species.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

06-Sep-2021, 02:21 PM

Thank you, sir. I think I have some nice Celaenorrhinus spp. here.

1.
27326

2.
27327

Psyche

06-Sep-2021, 08:08 PM

Celaenorrhinus is a tough genus.

Shouls be male & female Celaenorrhinus leucocera.

Species in which there is no orange sub-basal (or basal) spot in space 1b.
Similar species include C. morena, plagifera, patula, putra & leucocera.

Species in which the upper spot in space 1b is placed just outside spot 2 & lined with the tornal corner.
C. patula. HW cilia yellow & narrowly chequered at the veins.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/94_23503-25-5a4759dfbcbc3-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1611_63356-139-5f1fa5e1b9df9-1.jpg

C. plagifera. HW spots large & well-marked
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/29918532c1845a3453.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/tbe746.jpg

Species in which the FW upper spot in space 1b is more or less under spot 2.

C. morena
Antennal club basally white, shaft chequered. FW cellspot no extension above radius.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/94_23501-217-5a4758ca718cd-1.jpg

Male with antenna club & shaft white, female with the club partially white, shaft brown.

C. putra. FW more produced Termen = dorsum. No white extension above radius.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/3031253b9429cbbe9d.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/1_14635-445-580b1716c8b27-1.jpg

C. leucocera; Dorsum (lower margin) greater than termen. Usually with white extension above the radius (upper arm of the cell).
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/183_13087-406-57a74a0c15def-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/CelaenorrhinusLeucocera/CelaenorrhinusLeucocera_RohanLovalekar_aj882.jpg

The shape of the wing is impossible to judge in most photos.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

07-Sep-2021, 12:22 PM

Sir, could you check this Nacaduba, please? Thought this was N. kurava euplea, the only 6 line one we have but the upperside wasnt transparent from any angle. Would this be N. beroe gythion?

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Psyche

07-Sep-2021, 06:01 PM

This is rather difficult.
The upperside with the pale dusting suggest N. berenice.
The underside suggest N. kurava.

This need further checking.
Possibly hybrid between the two.
ID is based on the upperside in the male so this is most likely a form of N. berenice.

Psyche

07-Sep-2021, 08:48 PM

Nacaduba beroe male.
Dark striae within bands mostly obsolete.
Always without a spot above the midcell band, at the costa.
FW postdiscal band usually broken in the middle.
Upperside deeper violet blue.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/164_15568-9-5843c949da7a9-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/164_15569-494-5843c95727b2f-1.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Nacaduba%20beroe%20neon/NB_adult_male_01.jpg

Nacaduba kurava. male.
Dark striae often weak in the mae.
Submarginal spots large rounded margins.
FW postdiscal band almost always straight & unbroken
Upperside deeper blue with a see-thru effect.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacaduba_kurava#/media/File:KuravaThaiBruneiMFUpUnAC1.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Nacaduba%20kurava%20nemana/TransparentSixlineBlue-SunnyC2.JPG

Nacaduba berenice male.
Dark striae within bands well-developed.
Submarginal spots irregular , may be narrow or broad.
FW postdiscal band typically broken in the middle or crooked.
Upperside lavende blue with a frosted appearance.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Nacaduba%20berenice%20icena/Nacaduba_berenice_male_800x.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ceLml99O5Os/VKquR3N_IsI/AAAAAAAATSA/yR_FNE7zWcw/w1200-h630-p-k-no-nu/DSC_0187.JPG
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Nacaduba%20berenice%20icena/154%20Nacaduba%20berenice%20icena%20(Rounded%206-Line%20Blue)%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nacaduba_berenice_plumbeomicans_-_Rounded_Six-Lineblue_(5)_male.jpg#/media/File:Nacaduba_berenice_plumbeomicans_-_Rounded_Six-Lineblue_(5)_male.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

07-Sep-2021, 09:55 PM

Thank you, sir. I was thinking N. beroe gythion. N. berenice may not be found in east Nepal,and there seem to be pics of N. beroe on IFB with spot above midcell band. Matches with some example of N. berenice akaba which is N. beroe gythion now.

Psyche

07-Sep-2021, 10:27 PM

The absence of the costal spot above the mid-cell band is an almost certainty in the ID of N. beroe.
There are a number of errors in IFB.
N. berenice is a common species ranging from India to Australia.

Here are examples of the male N. beroe.

N. beroe gythion.
India.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/164_15568-9-5843c949da7a9-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_53533-469-5e957148de93d-1.jpg
Thailand.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Nacaduba-beroe.jpg
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nacaduba_beroe_gythion#/media/File:NacadubaBeroeGythionMUpUnAC1.jpg

N. beroe neon.
P. Malaysia.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yS0EBTwvFoQ/VP75FBXA8sI/AAAAAAAAUbE/3fW3Rbxdoxo/s1600/DSC_0105.JPG
Singapore.
https://wanderingbutterflyeffect.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/6a0100a801ee89000e0123ddf39fce860b.jpg

N. beroe asakusa. Taiwan.
https://www.tbn.org.tw/taxa/69f43c68-c5a7-4c68-8304-2c1e21dbfdce

TL Seow: Cheers

PS .[I] Nacaduba berenice akaba Type location Borneo. There is no change in the status of this. The Bornean ssp of N. beroe is neon the same as in Sumatra, Malaya & Singapore.

Psyche

08-Sep-2021, 06:53 AM

Correction.
The upperside is too dark to be N. berenice.

The only explanation is there are two butterflies.

The upperside is that of N. beroe.

The underside shot is that of N. kurava.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

08-Sep-2021, 01:15 PM

No, sir. It's very much a single individual. No doubt on that. Perhaps not all kurava individuals are transparent. Or perhaps it's a hybrid.

Psyche

08-Sep-2021, 04:07 PM

No, sir. It's very much a single individual. No doubt on that. Perhaps not all kurava individuals are transparent. Or perhaps it's a hybrid.

Agreed. The underside is fairly typical for N. kurava.
Marked variations either as natural aberration or from gene introgression can occur.

In the old days collectors often keep dozens of specimens of a single species.
Invariably, a few would be found to be abnormally marked.

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

10-Sep-2021, 04:16 AM

I left this thinking it's Erionota torus, but now they appear E. thrax to me. I feel so bad that I didn't take good shots.
27331
27332

Psyche

10-Sep-2021, 06:54 PM

Agreed. It is a male Erionota thrax.

The two can be quite confusing, in S.E. Asia where the difference is less marked.

It is advisable to ID the sex/gender first as this helps in the ID.

Male have the antennal club about 3/4 white.

Female havs the antennal club about 1/2 white.

From the 2nd pic it is a male.

Erionota thrax.
Males.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/769_22681-57-5a251c58ada48-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/233_4665-933-55094553af268-1.jpg
Females.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ErionotaThrax/01ErionotaThrax_KrushnameghKunte_ag436.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1858_78715-381-60179f763c7c9-1.jpg

Erionota torus.
Males.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_55187-430-5ea1a2e3adf8f-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/287_53920-988-5e975f86b3ed0-1.jpg
Females.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1554_64383-184-5f38a943df378-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/435_18934-185-5969043351446-1.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

13-Sep-2021, 11:39 PM

Thanks for the confirmation, sir. Could you please check this Jamides? Looks little different than the regular alecto.
27337
27338

Psyche

14-Sep-2021, 05:35 PM

Yes the female Jamides alecto. The UnF white striae are all broad.
Note the lowest stria of the postdiscal bnad hangs free, so this is not unique to J. caeruleus.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jamides_alecto_alocina#/media/File:JamidesAlectoAlocinaMFUpUnAC1.jpg
Female.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/maanay/39855109760/

Female J. caeruleus.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Jamides%20caeruleus%20caeruleus/Skyblue%20-%20Horace%20Tan.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamides_caerulea#/media/File:JamidesCaeruleusMFUpUnAC1.jpg

Female. J. elpis.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Jamides%20elpis%20pseudelpis/Glistering%20Cerulean%20-%202%20-%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Jamides%20elpis%20pseudelpis/Glistering%20Cerulean%20-%20Bobby%20Mun.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

16-Sep-2021, 01:37 AM

Thank you, sir. I need a serious confirmation on this one. Scobura isota isnt reported from Nepal before, and I found a bunch of these in east, near Sikkim in dry season of March. While I saw more than 10 individuals, I managed to photograph several and all were typical S. isota as per Evans '49. Question is, if this is enough or do I need genitalia, which isnt possible for me now.
27340
27341
27342
27343
27344
27345
27346
27347

Psyche

16-Sep-2021, 07:20 PM

They are all fairly typical dsf Scobura isota.

S. isota & cephala have been much confused.

Scobura cephala.
FW spot 4 always present.
UnH with a large rectangular spot in space 1b, in continuation of the spot in space 2 (In Evans' time space 1b is called space 1c .)
Dsf with lighter brown shadings beyond the spots. In wsf always deeply shaded brown.
See fieldshots at bottom of webpage.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91670001.html

Scobura isota.
FW spot 4 usually absent.
UnH spot in space 1b absent or small & vestigial, often with a corresponding small spot in space 6.
Dsf unH ground entirely yellow.
WsF UnH with brown shading as in S. cephala.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91680001.html

These should all be S. isota.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/2761/Scobura-cephala

Also check the key here.
Page 2. key line 5 for S. cephala & isota.
Note: Space M3 is space 3, space CuA2 is space 1b.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290869587_The_Genus_Scobura_Elwes_Edwards_1897_Fro m_China_With_Descriptions_Of_Two_New_Species_Lepid optera_Hesperiidae

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

16-Sep-2021, 09:06 PM

Thank you so much, sir. Also I came to know that S. cephala will never have spots reduced like in most of my individuals.

Nawab

11-Oct-2021, 12:14 PM

Sir, could you please look at this Potanthus and Melanitis? Could the Melanitis be M. zitenius?

1a
27375

1b
27376

2a
27377

2b
27378

Psyche

11-Oct-2021, 10:27 PM

Post 176.

1. Probably Potanthus nesta.

Potanthus is particularly difficult.

Three species with the abdominal end yellow can be eliminated. ie P. pava, confucius, & ganda.

Three species in which the HW band's upermost spot (4 + 5) is strongly projected out & FW spots 4 & 5 are detached or nearly so are out ie P. pallida, P pseudomaesa, & trachala.

P. rectifasciatus have a very large spot 6 connecting the band to spot 7.
https://live.staticflickr.com/4585/38661764476_5a39db4bb7_z.jpg

P. dara is pale yellowish with FW spots 4 & 5 detached & a prominent HW spot 6 above. ( Description corrected.)
Male & Female. Correction : These two may be forms of P. pallida with a prominent HW spot 6.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1461_66285-871-5f5909fae298e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/200_7517-31-55bcee65a3959-2.jpg
P. pallida S. India have only 5 spp. pava, confucius, pallida ,pseudomaesa & palnia.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/975_56092-930-5eabc3bfc9c29-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/1509_68016-748-5f64cac2df66b-3.jpg
Potanthus dara.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/26689187@N00/4852304343
https://www.flickr.com/photos/26689187@N00/4853857016

P. palnia have underside with a strong greenish ochreous shade.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/365_10988-729-56bca4df0929d-1.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/5832/30430140096_c16e1ae172_b.jpg
https://farm5.static.flickr.com/4536/37999817064_e5eb33ea48_b.jpg

Potanthus lydia is mostly dark orange & the underside with obscure spots.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/94_23515-769-5a47807a03494-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/94_23515-769-5a47807a03494-2.jpg
Ssp fraseri.
https://c1.staticflickr.com/6/5648/21483016020_e0f34ba0dc.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/113650871/large.jpg?1613963106
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/29307535/large.jpg?1545203091

P. juno have spot 8 absent or obscure; spot 5 smaller than spot 6.
http://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-juno-1080x675.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WroJpPq0U5g/WGddN4VeO8I/AAAAAAAAQQk/yLDmI309uw8nDMBP_wvQFzx7edYEtR6IACLcB/s450/JunoDart-KohCH.jpg

P. mingo have outer margin of HW band excavate with dark spots & HW band upper spot marked by a deep step on the inner margin.
Two males
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg
http://i20.photobucket.com/albums/b250/wongcheeming/Pulau%20Semakau/IMG_9042-orangeSkipper.jpg
Female on the left. Male right is rather worn.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tFtROXZYiZI/W_ErxDkE91I/AAAAAAAAUA0/vigPklu01Zk8ED1PVNUUuA9YRNAfy41dQCLcBGAs/s1600/HFH_3107%2BPotanthus%2Bmingo.JPG

Potanthus flava
Generally the underside is marked by dark spots excavating the margins into spikes.
Ssp flavus (flava)
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D9U9oeeU8AA8nmx.jpg

Potanthus sita.
Similar to P. flava.
Resembles P. trachala but spots yellow.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92760001.html
Probable P. sita.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/118_39742-150-5cc042758f481-1.jpg
https://live.staticflickr.com/2742/4261936867_070544c037_z.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/304_57245-475-5eb6824470a0c-1.jpg

That leaves two.

Potanthus mara.
FW band continuous like P. confucius. Lower spots 1b, 2, & 3 are broad.
HW band inner margin with a moderate step. Spot in space 1b large.
Male Female. Correction: These two below are Telicota ohara.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/622_81406-899-607bdcf3e4734-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/622_81432-26-607bdfa0bf2df-1.jpg
Correct example of Potanthus mara, see fig 25 A & B in the images on the right.
https://www.google.com/search?q=potanthus+mara&rlz=1C1MSIM_enMY705MY706&sxsrf=AOaemvL1G7I1kkBXCX9wcOX3hHMZr8wH4A:163398664 4067&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj3vvLLosPzAhXayjgGHRwCDmkQ_AUoAnoECAEQB A&biw=1920&bih=937&dpr=1#imgrc=l97BA1-AM_o7pM
Probable P. mara male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/233_8720-693-561921055485c-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/233_8720-693-561921055485c-1.jpg

Potanthus nesta;
FW band narrow with varying overlap.
HW band also rectangular without a prominent inner step; HW spot in space 1b narrow.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92800001.html

Probable examples.

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/118_39741-147-5cc0424da1634-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/1_39741-147-5cc0424da1634-2.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/200_5349-417-552887cee7e8b-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/200_5349-417-552887cee7e8b-1.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1_86850-725-61371dd958ef7-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/368_86850-725-61371dd958ef7-1.jpg

PS. Potanthus nesta is often confused as P. confucius.
P. confucius dushta Male. Note the abdominal end is yellow. In P. nesta it is black.
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/vdE6zmyoWyDnBB8hoXtq4sYUvqzs6zJuR1GFeRyanAF0d-nBC1bcGQGAINmZ1v9CdPkV50Jt9sWWLo_CoyRHdd8nwxxS0TQ9 MiH25DpUGQab2LeP
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-confucius-1080x717.jpg

Psyche

11-Oct-2021, 10:38 PM

Post 176.

2, Melanitis zitenius.

M. leda; costa gradual curvature.
HW tails at vein 2 & 4 short, about equal length.
WSf with prominent eyespots.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40010001.html

M. zitenius, Costa gradual curvature.
HW tai at vein 4 2-3 X that at vein 2.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40030010.html

M. phedima.Costa strongly arched giving the FW a more rounded look.
HW tail at vein 2 a small knob.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/sat/40020020.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Nawab

21-Oct-2021, 10:03 PM

Dear sir,
Could you please check this Celaenorrhinus sp. for me? It looks very much like C. leucocera but has space 1b spot. C. pyrrha is another candidate but this individual lacks pale spots beyond sp 1b spots.

27385
27386

Psyche

21-Oct-2021, 11:47 PM

Post 179.

It has to be C. leucocera with a minor aberration.

BY following Evans' keys in two ways.

1. Assuming the sub=basal spot in space 1b is valid.
Key 1a, 1b, 1c, 3a(id), 5a(3b) 6a(5), 9a( 6b), 11 (9b) a dead end C. pero.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/2776/Celaenorrhinus-pero

C. pyrrha is out Key 6b to 9. as the antenna is chequered & only the club white.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/29917532c174a712cc.jpg

2. Assuming the sub-basal spot is a minor aberration.
Key 1a to 12a(1c) to 15a (12c).
This include 3 species.. C patula, leucocera & putra.

It matches C. leucocera very well.

TL Seow; Cheers.

Nawab

28-Oct-2021, 07:24 PM

Thank you so much, sir. Could you please check this Potanthus? Looks a little different than P. pseudomaesa.
27390
27391

Psyche

28-Oct-2021, 10:00 PM

Post 181.

This does look good for Potanthus pseudomaesa clio.

Evans state of pseudimaesa that the FW spots 4 & 5 are detached, but this less so in ssp clio.

P pseudomaesa. small FW 12mm.
Abdominal end broadly black banded.
FW spots 4 & 5 detached or almost so, small overlap in ssp clio.
HW upperside with the veins variably darken, but not on the underside.

Ssp pseudomaesa.
Sri lanka.
https://slbutterflies.lk/storage/app/public/butterflies/b1492795816.JPG
India.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/975_35271-348-5bc319112ea6e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/975_67418-792-5f60a8ff14c0e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_7165-90-55a941a69905b-3.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_7165-90-55a941a69905b-4.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/Potanthus/PotanthusSp_RohitGirotra_ak402.jpg
Ssp clio. Small overlap of spots 4 & 5 ( variable ).
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92740010.html
Ssp. clio H. K. female.
https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/conservation/hkbiodiversity/myfindings/images/alfonso0417Potanthus_pseudomaesa.jpg

Very similar.

Potanthus mingo. FW 12mm.
FW spots 4 & 5 with small overlaps ,may be deatched above.
HW band ,veins not darken above & below.
UnH band with deep inner step & outer margins strongly edged with dark spots & excavated.
All Singapore examples.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/172771243/original.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lQGrUAdKoxA/TljGcV6vWII/AAAAAAAABdk/75l7StMF3FY/s320/_MG_1529.jpg
Female left, male right.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tFtROXZYiZI/W_ErxDkE91I/AAAAAAAAUA0/vigPklu01Zk8ED1PVNUUuA9YRNAfy41dQCLcBGAs/s1600/HFH_3107%2BPotanthus%2Bmingo.JPG

May be confused.

P. confucius. FW 12-13mm.
Abdominal end yellow with a thin black line.
FW band continuous & uninterrupted in the male veins not dark (variable in ssp diana.), band may be detached above in female.
HW spot 6 absent or small.
Ssp. diana.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/110_13826-905-57daabf352d12-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/Potanthus/PotanthusSp_HemantOgale_ai381.jpg
SSp dushta. Band more irregular.
https://www.projectnoah.org/spottings/16984275
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92790010.html

Potanthus pava, FW 15mm.
Abdominal end yellow with a narrow black band wider than in confucius.
FW band may be narrow or wide continuous as in P. confucius.
HW with a large spot 6 , more distinctive on the underside.
May have a yellow patch at the base of FW space 2 as in Telicota colon.
UnH spot 6 large, band edged in thin black lines.
Broad band form.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/164_15562-730-5843c82f9fd27-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/124_19204-190-598847f0e8a61-1.jpg
Naarow band form Note unh large spot 6 & black edgings.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_5032-509-551f7d7712114-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_5032-509-551f7d7712114-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_5032-509-551f7d7712114-3.jpg

Potanthus trachala. FW 14-15mm.
Abdominal end with black band.
FW spots 4 & 5 with no overlap.
Spots 2 & 3 narrow, with concave margins in the male.
HW upper spot strongly projected out.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/233_8677-63-56190c574efd4-1.jpg
Singapore.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/8c/bd/70/8cbd702e535779b37521f7b0db7b591d.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20trachala%20tytleri/Potanthus_female_01.jpg

TL Seow: Cheers.