ID for few Butterflies from Bhutan

[gkbaliga]

I am posting these on behalf of my friend Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel on his request. He has shot these butterfly pictures in Bhutan.

I presume the images numbered 1,2 & 3 are of a single individual.

6,7 & 8 are of different, but single individual. (He told me so.)


ID help is appreciated.



1.
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1798/43900629821_5817495312_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/29TmcLH)TS6b (https://flic.kr/p/29TmcLH) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

2.
https://farm1.staticflickr.com/942/42995998485_5b70bdef5f_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/28vpJoH)TS6a (https://flic.kr/p/28vpJoH) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

3.
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1831/43900633081_27135db507_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/29TmdJV)Ts6 (https://flic.kr/p/29TmdJV) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

4.
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1837/43900633201_8b0fc7236d_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/29TmdLZ)TS5 (https://flic.kr/p/29TmdLZ) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


5.
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1817/43900632161_08b051ed55_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/29Tmdt4)TS4 (https://flic.kr/p/29Tmdt4) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


6.
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1819/43900632271_088756c5e4_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/29TmduX)Ts3 (https://flic.kr/p/29TmduX) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


7.
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1772/43900630261_93c705f625_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/29TmcUi)TS2 (https://flic.kr/p/29TmcUi) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


8.
https://farm1.staticflickr.com/848/43182269584_41797c8db0_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/28MSqio)Ts1 (https://flic.kr/p/28MSqio) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

1, 2, 3, Baoris chapmani.
The broad sweeping curved margin FW is that of Baoris.
B. chapmani have a few FW spots.
B. unicolor have no FW spot.


4. Scobura isota. Two HW spots.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/137_17669-60-58e4814069513-3.jpg
S. cephala should be like this.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91670001.html

5. Probably Onryza maga. Plain Bush Hopper. Both O. meiktila & siamica are too far south. [ Correction as O. siamica removed.]
Evans described Ampittia maga in which he state the UnH is entirely yellow.
Range given Central China, Malay Peninsula (error) & a ssp in Formosa(Taiwan).
This is now known as Onryza maga, the Taiwanese ssp is below.
http://www.vel.cc/in.asp?i=338

6, 7, 8, should be Rapala scintilla.
R. scintilla is the only Rapala species in which the HW is blue shot, the rest being steely blue.
Others are blueshot on both wings or only steely blue.

Very rarely shot. Range extend into Nepal.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83920001.html
Peninsular Malaysia.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dCmHFjgixfc/U2INxo6S3eI/AAAAAAAAOE8/90RzjJrtPr4/s1600/DSC_0266.JPG

TL Seow: Cheers.
PS. Evans' article on Hesperiids state Onryza siamica & meiktila dsf have UnH plain ochreous. O. siamica is a more northerly species.

[Psyche]

ID Correction

5 is likely to be dsf Onryza maga . It is the most northerly species & Bhutan is next door to China.
The 3 large subapical spots also resembles it closely.
THe other two have a different look.

https://wingscales.com/Hesperiidae/Onryza-siamica
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/Butterflies/onryza-meiktila/

TL Seow: Cheers.

[Banded Yeoman]

Rapala scintilla!! Your images show Dr Seow's description of "blue-shot hindwings and steely blue forewings" very beautifully. From photographs of the set specimens it is impossible to see these subtleties in colouration.

While it is clear that the uppersides of these male Rapala are vital for identifying them, I was wondering... what if we're dealing with females? Many of them are a featureless brown above. (Or, are there differences that I'm simply overlooking?)

[gkbaliga]

Thank you very much on behalf of Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel and myself Dr. Seow.

These are some species which are difficult to identify by most common people like us.

Your observation and questions raise interest and curiosity in the images eh Jonathan. Happy Butterflying.

[gkbaliga]

Good day Dr. Seow

Mr. Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel wonders whether the following image could be female of the same Rapala Species posted earlier namely Rapala scintilla.
He says he had shot the image around the same time of shooting other three images, but may be a kilometer away from where he had shot the other individual.

He however regrets he could not get the upper view of this one. :-(

9.https://farm1.staticflickr.com/941/42117791650_fe156e970e_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/27aNG6y)Rapala (https://flic.kr/p/27aNG6y) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

Post 6.
The hindwing band/line is more or less entire & straight.
In the male R. scintilla above it is dislocated at several points.

This should be the female Rapala nissa.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/1004/Rapala-nissa


TL Seow: Cheers.

PS. Rapala rectivitta is very similar but both FW & HW bands are very straight & thicker.
http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/3180/Rapala-rectivitta
http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/94_23498-893-5a474e7f4217d-2.jpg

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much for educating us Dr. Seow.

[atronox]

From the looks of it, the one in post #6 could also be Rapala buxaria. Not sure what the distinguishing features are

[Psyche]

From the looks of it, the one in post #6 could also be Rapala buxaria. Not sure what the distinguishing features are

Rapala buxaria is a synonym of R. rectivitta.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rapala_rectivitta
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83960001.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Nice observation Aaron Soh and Dr. Seow.

There are two tricky specimens (Photos shot by Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel) here Dr. Seow. Most likely these are relatively recently listed species.

There is a catalogue published by Ugyen Wangchuck Insttute for Conservaton and Environment, Bhutan which I have uploaded on my google drive

Here is the link. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1MN90olkqvFW-MzqY3oA6Y_R1HotG9XGQ


The fist one is listed as Esakiozephyrus camurius (Murayama, 1986) in the catalogue.

When Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel had asked someone to help him in identifying the second specimen, he was told that it is Esakiozerphyrus camurius

Both me and Tshulthrim are confused. Both of them could be the same species and it looks as if they are added to check lists recently.

Are both specimen the same species? Any idea on the status of the species Dr. Seow?


https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1818/43241817174_0a03876235_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/28T8BHY)Esakiozerphyrus camurius (https://flic.kr/p/28T8BHY) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


https://farm1.staticflickr.com/852/43912162312_0dbd7d11b5_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/29UniYL)Fujiokaozephyrus camrius (https://flic.kr/p/29UniYL) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

Yes, they are both E. camurius..
The broad white band, its position on the wings all match correctly. The 2nd specimen is very worn& the orange markings faded.

E.camurius is readily IDed because ir is the only species in the genus with a broad white band.
The band also makes a sharp triangle in space 1b.

The others have a narrow white band which do nt forms a sharp trangle in space 1b.

Huang made several collecting espeditions to the Tibetan side.
In the link below in colour plate IV fig 29 is E camurius. fig 27 E.longicaudatus, fig 28 E. bieti.
http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Neue-Entomologische-Nachrichten_51_0065-0151.pdf


Another species found in Tibet Assam, Manipur & surrounding areas E. tsangkei is now Teratozephyrus tsangkei.
This resembles E. camurius with a very thin white band.
Below Fig 55, 56.
https://archive.org/stream/tudesdentomolo11ober#page/n62/mode/1up
Huang also shows a torn female at plate IV fig 30.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[atronox]

Rapala buxaria is a synonym of R. rectivitta.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rapala_rectivitta
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83960001.html

TL Seow: Cheers.

Whoops i didn't realise that. Thx Dr Seow.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you Dr Seow

Is there any species with the name Fujiokaozephyrus camrius?
If yes, is it synonymous with E. camrius?
Any info available on it?



Our good old Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel gives me three more images from Bhutan with a request to see if they can be identified.

https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1775/29044479147_1636962c16_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/LfyxKR)02 (https://flic.kr/p/LfyxKR) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1835/29044479447_b2974d0747_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/LfyxR2)02a (https://flic.kr/p/LfyxR2) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1771/29044479277_79a9cd29cd_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/LfyxN6)01 (https://flic.kr/p/LfyxN6) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

[QUOTE=gkbaliga;132826]Thank you Dr Seow

Is there any species with the name Fujiokaozephyrus camrius?
If yes, is it synonymous with E. camrius?
Any info available on it?

As long as the species name camurius is the same it is the same butterfly.

Murayama first name camurius as Ezakiozephyrus camurius in 1986.
Fujioka placed camurius as a subspecies of tsangkie in the genus Teratzephyrus ie as T. tsangkie camurius in 1994.
Huang in 2001 restore camurius as a full species, ie Teratozephyrus camurius.

Koiwaya in 2007 create Fujiokaozephyrus (in honour of Fujioka) for these two closely related species F. camurius & tsangkie.
http://ftp.funet.fi/index/Tree_of_life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/lycaenidae/theclinae/esakiozephyrus/
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fujiokaozephyrus

1. male Pseudoborbo bevani. This form with small rounded spots is common in the northern areas.
eg Hong Kong.
http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8335/8141433833_b41f535518_b.jpg
http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8468/8141467426_20efa00688_h.jpg

2. male Pelopidas agna. Note HW with a cellspot . UnH with a uniform brown colour.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-yFt6Y2FL2K0/Vk6sxIXhjII/AAAAAAAAkjk/BOTDjsR60wg/s1600/PA_male_06a.jpg
http://farm6.static.flickr.com/5655/20780004244_b686905d29.jpg

P. mathias is often confused. UnH with pale shadings giving it an uneven ground colour.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelopidas_(skipper)#/media/File%3APelopidas_sp.jpg
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Pelopidas-mathias.jpg


3. Borbo cinnara. Generally darker than P. bevani with greenish hairs.
http://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot.com/2015/08/134-borbo-cinnara-rice-swift.html


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Ha Ha......This Taxonomy is interesting Dr. Seow.

Keeps changing, doesn't it. You are an Encyclopedia. You seem to have answers to every doubt of ours.
Just for my information, are all these changes approved through ICZN or on the basis of scientific papers published?

Thanks for other ids

[Psyche]

Ha Ha......This Taxonomy is interesting Dr. Seow.

Keeps changing, doesn't it. You are an Encyclopedia. You seem to have answers to every doubt of ours.
Just for my information, are all these changes approved through ICZN or on the basis of scientific papers published?

Thanks for other ids


I have no knowledge of this species, but merely googled the answers from the net.

The ICZN is particularly important in the species name ie camurius.
This is the earliest name & have priority.
If there are other name given to this butterfly at a later date they are invalid.
The taxon (=taxonomic name)camurius is the valid name of this butterfly.
This name should published in a reputable or established scientific publication.
It need not be in English but nowaday it is imperative to have an English translation.

Any dispute regarding this name can be referred to ICZN.

As to change in the generic name it depends on the scientist .
Koiwaya create a new genus Fujiokaozephyrusbecause he find that camurius is diferent in many respect to other species placed in both Teratzephyrus & Esakiozephyrus.

Acceptance to the generic name change is fromm peer scientists who study his paper.

If you disagree you can continue to use Esakiozephyrus. There is no penalty.

Another case in point is Pseudoborbo bevani. Lee made the generic name change in 1966.
Many scientists felt it was unnecessary & continue with Borbo bevani.

The name Pseudoborbo have gain traction because it is widely used in east Asia by many Japanese scientists, & bloggers.

In a recent DNA study paper ,the author found there is sufficient justification for the change to Pseudoborbo.
The same author also divides Polytremis into several genera (groan!)

In another case, a DNA study have shown all the Asian Charaxes & Polura species are closely related to each other & to a group of Charaxes species in Africa.
This means that all Polyura species should be put back into Charaxes.
Butterflies of India have follow suit, but few scientists have made the change.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Ha ha... Yes Dr. Seow.

This Taxonomy thing is both a challenge as well as fun. I just watch these things without really getting deep into it since I am a hobbyist.

Keeps changing and always fraught with controversies.

I had heard about the earlier proposed change about Psuedoborbo, but was not aware of the latest DNA study reports. Not aware of the Polytremis also.

Some people maintain that the charaxes issue is not yet settled to satisfactory level and continue with Polyura.

Thanks for all the discussion anyways.

[atronox]

Some other taxa with uncertain status:

-Spidasis/Cigaritis- generally regarded as distinct

-Deudorix/Virachola- one of them lacks secondary sexual characters and because of this most taxonomists agree to keep them separate. Those that disagree sink Virachola as a subgenus

-Zeltus/Hypolycaena- Hypolycaena comprises a very heterogeneous lot of spp and some taxonomists prefer to split the African and Indo-Australian spp. Z. amasa is actually closer to the African spp. It's well-known that the early stages of spp. like erylus and phorbas are quite different from the rest of the monocot-feeding spp. and for that there have been proposals to split these few from the rest

-Arhopala abseus- apparently this is now in Flos, which is not very surprising

[gkbaliga]

Hello Dr Seow

Posting on behalf of Mr. Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel again
Both shot in Bhutan and both images are of the same specimen.
Could this be Pelopidas Agna?

https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1936/44808413664_c52e555019_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2bgyQhh)Pelopidas2 (https://flic.kr/p/2bgyQhh) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1938/44808414084_bf7607db6a_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2bgyQpw)Pelopidas (https://flic.kr/p/2bgyQpw) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

post 20.
Yes this is a male Pelopidas agna.

P. agna Un ground uniformly brown : Male UpF spot 2 always rectangular , often very narrow.
https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7288/16667452898_f7c57b0179_b.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Little_Branded_Swift_Pelopidas_agna_UN_Sanjay _Gandhi_National_Park_Mumbai_DSC2992_(2).JPG
http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/PelopidasAgna/02PelopidasAgna_KrushnameghKunte_ak553.jpg

P. mathias ;Un greyish brown uneven, with paler marginal areas;Male UpF with spot 2 quadrate/trapezoid.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vqr7KmROfek/VK_uf1hWp7I/AAAAAAAAfwY/N4uLlFOKIUM/s1600/SBS_adult_male_upperside_01.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/PelopidasMathias/PelopidasMathias_RohitGirotra_ap754.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pelopidas_sp.jpg

Note the females of the two on the upperside are practically identical.
http://butterflycircle.blogspot.com/2015/11/life-history-of-bengal-swift.html


TL Seow; Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much Dr Seow

[gkbaliga]

Greetings from India Dr Seow

Again posting on behalf of our friend from Bhutan. All following photos shot in Bhutan at Elevation 1,200 meters

Post 23 Sl. No 1
Which Potanthus could this be?
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1945/45585935481_5ae7145823_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2csgQqR)Potanthus (https://flic.kr/p/2csgQqR) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr




Post 23 Sl. No 2
Which Polytremis could this be P. Eltola ? P. discreta ? (Both photos same individual)
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1959/30644663327_33dfa8733b_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/NFXULg)Polytremis2 (https://flic.kr/p/NFXULg) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1964/45585935571_2780c144a5_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2csgQsp)Polytremis (https://flic.kr/p/2csgQsp) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr



Post 23 Sl. No 3
Is it possible to identify this Pelopidas sp? only one view available.
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1932/45535447602_345d1344a1_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2cnP59b)Pelopidas (https://flic.kr/p/2cnP59b) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr




Post 23 Sl. No 4
Which Parnara sp. could this be?
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1915/45585935731_4522786b6c_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2csgQva)Parnara (https://flic.kr/p/2csgQva) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

23/1
Potanthus pseudomaesa.
FW spot 4 & 5 with little overlap; spot 2 & 3 wide; HW upper spot (4+5) projected out; Abdominal end with black patch.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/thumb/th_111_10071-589-565eddeea639e-1.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92740010.html

23/2
P. discreta.HW tornal cilia white ;FW spots less yellow.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93190001.html

P. eltola.
HW tornal celia yellow; FW spots yellower.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93200001.html


23/3
Pelopidas agna.

P. agna . Underside uniformly brown without pale shadings.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tQNuynda7-c/Vk6to9P81eI/AAAAAAAAkj4/aNtww6l2YUM/s1600/PA_male_06b.jpg

P. mathias.Underside greyer brown with uneven paler shadings in the marginal areas.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Gzu0QPtBPM0/UHl8xj_7P-I/AAAAAAAAGzY/tElCTPdMZzs/s1600/DSC0089+Small+Branded+Swift.jpg

23/ 4.
This is difficult.
Probably Parnara apostata.

P. bada UnH with small irregular spots typically yellowish.

P. ganga UnH with larger spots but somewhat irregular, typically yellowish. HW spot 6 usually absent.
http://www.flutters.org/home/photogallery/plog-content/images/butterfliesbrnbspnbspnbsphesperiidae-the-skippers-br/subfamily-hesperiinae--brnbspnbspnbsp-genus-parnara--swift-/parnara-ganga-up-malabar-hills-02sep11_blaisepereira.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R91gL8h9sCM/Vd_ByExbz5I/AAAAAAAAGtI/F4xOEm8NKok/s1600/Parnara%2Bganga1.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5YxifWbLmRk/VePpu-PCYII/AAAAAAAAGxQ/g_BZ23Hq5i4/s1600/Parnara%2Bcf%2Bganga.jpg

P. guttata.
UnH with spots strongly white arranged in a straight line ;HW spot 6 usually absent.UpF usually with 2 cellspots.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SvOduIMH81c/WjFDDKmZBaI/AAAAAAAATtw/kSp6a4Wyc2QfSUmyqErads83QIDHNhJ8gCLcBGAs/s1600/HFH4390%2BParnara%2Bguttata.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Parnara_guttata_and_Zinnia_violacea_2011-08-20.jpg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parnara_guttata#/media/File:Parnara.guttata.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Parnara_guttata_bytreef.jpg

P. apostata; UnH with spots in a slightly irregular line, whitish , HW spot 6 often present; UpF dark with no cellspot.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qtL__xzJRf4/VNgK7Pgb_wI/AAAAAAAAT8Y/IZFmEV2EwSc/s1600/DSC_0336.JPG
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JvGvOpLy-cU/VNddXAvdR5I/AAAAAAAAT7M/AK3R-0A30eA/s1600/DSC_0328.JPG


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much Dr. Seow

Our friend from Bhutan seeks help for another specimen. Both the images below are probably of the same individual according to him.

Could this be identified?

https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1916/45594446482_286df2d47a_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2ct2ssf)02 (https://flic.kr/p/2ct2ssf) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1902/45594446292_8bd3bec07c_m.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2ct2soY)02a (https://flic.kr/p/2ct2soY) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

Post 25.

This would be fairly typical for Pseudoborbo bevani.
There are a lot of mixed up with the two species , that sometimes it is difficult to tell which is right.

Pseudoborbo bevani.
More golden brown ;FW typically one cellspot; spot 2 & 3 more rounded ;spot in space 1b poor or absent.
UnH with the spots not sharply defined.
Antennal with more prominent pale area.

Typical examples.
Taiwan.
https://farm7.static.flickr.com/6201/6076444717_90e68afe8c_b.jpg
https://farm7.static.flickr.com/6198/6076976712_5a3c00fcc0_b.jpg
HK.
http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8468/8141467426_20efa00688_h.jpg
Thailand.
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Borbo-bevani-1080x722.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93070001.html


Borbo cinnara
Darker grey brown above.
FW with 1-2 cellspots, sometimes none. ; spot 2 & 3 irregular, 2 is crescentic; spot 1b is always prominent in both sexes.
UnH with the spots typically well-defined.
Antennal pale area obscure or absent.
India.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/BorboCinnara/BorboCinnara_KSaji_ad956.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/BorboCinnara/BorboCinnara_SagarSarang_aq114.jpg
Thailand
https://wingscales.com/content/record/3101-1-7ab39.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93060001.html


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much Dr Seow

[gkbaliga]

One doubt Dr. Seow

Many people consider this as one of the id pointers for B.bevani. Do you think it is valid?

spot 3 in UPF to be more nearer to spot 2 than to spot 4.

In other words distance between spot 3 & 4 is more than that between 2 & 3

[Psyche]

One doubt Dr. Seow

Many people consider this as one of the id pointers for B.bevani. Do you think it is valid?

spot 3 in UPF to be more nearer to spot 2 than to spot 4.

In other words distance between spot 3 & 4 is more than that between 2 & 3


The statement is true & valid but caution in interpreting a field shot.

In P. bevani ,spot 3 is distinctly nearer spot 2 than spot 4 (Note spot 4 sometimes may be absent.)
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93070001.html

In B. cinnara FW spot 3 is only a little bit nearer spot 2 than spot 4, & may be appeared almost equidistant from both.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93060001.html


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you for clarification Dr Seow

Yes. I shall use the pointer cautiously

[gkbaliga]

Greetings from India Dr. Seow

Our friend from Bhutan seeks id help for two specimens (All photos shot in Bhutan)

Could this be Potanthus confucius or Potanthus trachala?

https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7900/46786711241_49ea531af4_n.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2eho8ec)Potanthus (https://flic.kr/p/2eho8ec) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://farm5.staticflickr.com/4829/32910882268_8f57857543_n.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/S9dSGC)Potanthus2 (https://flic.kr/p/S9dSGC) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

Our friend says above two photos are of the same specimen.

Could the following one be Pantoporia hordonia ?

https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7890/32910882508_e00eee17b5_n.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/S9dSLL)Pantaporia (https://flic.kr/p/S9dSLL) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

Post 31.

The 2 Potanthus are of different individuals. The 2nd have the uppermost subapical spot (8) very small.

1. Veins not dark dusted; HW band end spot not projected out. Probably P. ganda.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6KehhAM8g1Y/VgemhKAeKFI/AAAAAAAABcs/_sFxcLJwu74/s1600/Potanthus%2Bganda.jpg

P. pseudomaesa ;FW spots 4 & 5 with little overlap with others. HW band outer spot projected.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/Potanthus/thumb/th_PotanthusSp_RohitGirotra_ak402.jpg

2. Upperside FW with spot 8 vestigial, FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4.
Probably Potanthus juno.

P. juno male with spot 8 vestigial or absent; spot 5 smaller than spot 4.
http://www.samuibutterflies.com/02_images/linkbuttons/butterflies/hesperidae/potanthusjuno/upperside.jpg
https://www.thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-juno-1080x724.jpg

P. serina large, FW spot 5 distinctly smaller than spot 4. UnH band often with a small spot 6 on inner corner of band.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_0EK80AsaR7g/SXc73LHh45I/AAAAAAAAANI/RC-rFeYEUgw/s400/DSC_0028-Potanthus-serina.jpg
http://i63.tinypic.com/15hhbbl.jpg


3. Typical Pantoporia hordonia;
FW grey band broad, 2X that of orange band & continuous.
http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Pantoporia%20hordonia%20001a.jpg

Often confused with P. sandaka :FW grey band narrow often constricted or broken into beads.
https://www.grafimx.com/img.php?src=foto/u5/2014-08-25praveengnairc4080c49428ff54.jpg&w=1140


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much Dr Seow

[gkbaliga]

Greetings Dr. Seow

Our friend from Bhutan seeks help for identifying Ceruleans and Line Blues.
Is it possible to identify these specimens? All specimens shot in Bhutan

https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7853/33649962878_c2d655c303_n.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/TgwRBL)Blue1 (https://flic.kr/p/TgwRBL) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7918/40560759653_ebc8672c53_n.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/24NduJi)Blue2 (https://flic.kr/p/24NduJi) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7865/40560759613_843df78bd1_n.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/24NduHB)Blue3 (https://flic.kr/p/24NduHB) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7916/33649962808_6812cafa87_n.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/TgwRAy)Blue4 (https://flic.kr/p/TgwRAy) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


Thanks in advance.

[Psyche]

POst 34.
1 Jamides alecto.
FW postdiscal band broken; HW basal band broken; FW inner white striae broad esp in lower half.UpF with a dark border.
https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Jamides_alecto_alocina#/media/File:JamidesAlectoAlocinaMFUpUnAC1.jpg

Similar J. elpis; but white striae thin at least the lower FW ones. UpF border a thread.
http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2014/97_591-45-5437f97cf3608-2.jpg
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ed/2a/0c/ed2a0cf95aeca41496ae27a617a8f9fd.jpg


2 & 3 Probably Nacaduba sanaya dsf. 4-line blue. Correction J. bochus; HW with white stria forming a sharp spike (typical of Jamides).
Dark striae within bands absent or very weak ;FW postdiscal band dislocated (v.6); HW black spot without metallic scales.
wsf Thailand.
https://wingscales.com/content/record/410-1-e0bfc.jpg

4. Nacaduba hermus ;Dark striae weak; FW postdiscal band not/barely dislocated; HW black spot with metallic scales. Correction :Typical 6-line blue & fairly typical Nacaduba kurava.
http://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/NacadubaHermus/NacadubaHermus_HemantOgale_ab589.jpg

Similar N. pavana; dark striae strong; HW black spot with metallic scales.
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g0zaLcuBKIk/TrSVdqIUbdI/AAAAAAAAL9w/t22gpwq_x1w/s1600/NP_adult_Khew_02.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[atronox]

#3 Seems more like Jamides bochus plato from the widely spaced striae on the hindwing

#4 Is probably N. kurava euplea from the berenice group.

[Psyche]

#3 Seems more like Jamides bochus plato from the widely spaced striae on the hindwing

#4 Is probably N. kurava euplea from the berenice group.

Quite right here .
I am getting everything mixed up.

2 & 3 are Jamides bochus.
Jamides have one of the white striae in the lower/ inner margin forms a spike.

4. is Nacaduba kurava. It is a 6-line blue.
I have it right earlier but somehow consider it a 4 line blue later.
The submarginal spots are more rounded & the FW postdiscal band rather straight.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Hi Dr. Seow and Aaron Soh.... Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel from Bhutan, the original photographer of these specimens joins me in thanking you people for the good discussion and information given to us.

Cheers

[gkbaliga]

Greetings from South India Dr. Seow

Our friend from Bhutan seeks help for identifying few Butterfly specimens shot in and around Bhutan.
Most grateful if you could help.

1. Which Potanthus could this be. This and the next photo are of the same specimen.

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48358092381_71717b24bf_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gFeS6t)Potanthus 1 (https://flic.kr/p/2gFeS6t) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48358092456_03c8e43f8f_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gFeS7L)Potanthus 1a (https://flic.kr/p/2gFeS7L) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


2. Which Satyr could this be. Not sure if both the images are of the same individual. Elevation around 2,500 to 3,000 meters.
(Could it be Aulocera brahminus Blanchard, 1853 Narrow-banded Satyr ) ?

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48324195787_a2b333f659_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gCf8Pr)Satyr (https://flic.kr/p/2gCf8Pr) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48324196142_10116203af_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gCf8Vy)Satyr (2) (https://flic.kr/p/2gCf8Vy) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


3. Could this be Taractrocera maevius Common Grass Dart? Elevation around 300 mts.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48324075351_c766638ece_b.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gCew1X)Tshultrim (https://flic.kr/p/2gCew1X) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


4. Which Tarucus could this be? Elevation around 300 mts.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48324195702_7e87bfde2b_c.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gCf8MY)Tarucus sp (https://flic.kr/p/2gCf8MY) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

Post 30.

1. Potanthus nesta;
FW band with continuous overlap (as in P. confucius) HW upperside band veins not darkened; abdominal end black-banded; UnH band almost rectangular (ie spot 4+5 project out very little).
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92800001.html

2. Aulocera spp. unknown either padma or brahminus; Description & images are very confusing & do not match.
eg Kollar's image of A. padma fig 1 & 2. There seem to be a mismatch of the upperside & underside bands.
https://archive.org/stream/kaschmirunddasr04hg#page/n238/mode/1up

3. Taractrocera maevius.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taractrocera#/media/File:TaractroceraMaevius_784_1_Fitch.png
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:COMMON_GRASS_DART_Taractrocera_maevius.JPG

4. Tarucus balkanicus.

This & T indicus are so similar on the underside that error IDs are rife.
It is thus necessary to get the correct image.

Tarucus balkanicus Turkey where T indicus is absent.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarucus_balkanicus#/media/File:Tarucus_balkanicus.jpg

T. indicus.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/a-28792.jpg

In T. balkanicus the basal black band extend more darkly along the costa; the black spot between the FW discal & postdiscal bands is rounded (oblong in T. indicus).


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

No. 2 Aulocera padma.
The first image have part of the HW lowered, & exposing the FW spot in space 4.

The band in A. padma is relative wide & so this spot 4 is an elongate triangle.
The same spot 4 in A. brahminus is more rounded in shape.

This can be seen in Seitz's illustrations showing both species.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/The_Macrolepidoptera_of_the_world_%28Taf._41%29_%2 88145251989%29.jpg


TL Seow:Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much Dr Seow. Our friend Tshultrim Drukpa Wangyel conveys his gratitude too.

Here is an image. Shot in Bhutan, Elevation 3,990 meters.

Could this be Lethe atkinsonia Hewitson, 1876 – Small Goldenfork ?
Your help in identifyng the species will be very useful



https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48433125311_73f584da79.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gMSqLF)Goldenfork (https://flic.kr/p/2gMSqLF) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

Post 42.

There is no perfect match here.
The wingshape is distorted being stretched so the markings tend to be further apart.
Also this is rather dark with less of the white fasciation.
However, I am pretty confident it is Lethe sura.
At the base of space 4 is a white crescent spot, & from there the rest of the markings can be worked out.
https://live.staticflickr.com/879/41850508415_d3c012580f_b.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/856/Lethe-sura


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

""There is no perfect match here.""

This is the reason we were confused. However we now see likeliness of Lethe sura
Thank you so much Dr. Seow.

[gkbaliga]

Good Morning Dr Seow

Greetings from South India.
Our friend from Bhutan has these two specimen's images. ID help from you is appreciated

1.https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48501472472_c640c6dbd0.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gTUJ11)01 (https://flic.kr/p/2gTUJ11) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr



2. We have little confusion regarding these two images of the same specimen.
Could it be Dodona eugenes or Dodona dipoea

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48501472527_bbb323d0b1.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gTUJ1X)Punch (https://flic.kr/p/2gTUJ1X) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48501302361_eb800f70f6.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gTTRr4)Punch2 (https://flic.kr/p/2gTTRr4) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[gkbaliga]

Good Afternoon Dr. Seow

Our friend Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel tells me that nobody has recorded (to the best of his knowledge) Tarucus balkanicus from Bhutan.
(Posted in my post 39, identified by you in post 40). He would like to give you special thanks for helping him pin point the id.

He has given me one more Potanthus Specimen. He believes all 3 images are of the same specimen / species.
Would you be kind enough to help him decide on the id? All these and the images in the previous post are shot in Bhutan

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48509031236_1cea29a11b.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gUzsXw)Potanthus (https://flic.kr/p/2gUzsXw) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48509214082_2d655de74b.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gUApj3)Potanthus1 (https://flic.kr/p/2gUApj3) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48509214142_84d759cba9.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2gUApk5)Potanthus3 (https://flic.kr/p/2gUApk5) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

Post 42.

1. Allotinus drumila ;strongly marked by orange brown spots.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/862/Allotinus-drumila

2. Dodona eugenes has a tail.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/#!/sp/898/Dodona-eugenes

Dodona dipoea has no tail.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/1080/Dodona-dipoea

[Psyche]

Good Afternoon Dr. Seow

Our friend Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel tells me that nobody has recorded (to the best of his knowledge) Tarucus balkanicus from Bhutan.
(Posted in my post 39, identified by you in post 40). He would like to give you special thanks for helping him pin point the id.



Dont take my word for this one although I still think it is T. balkanicus.

There plenty of examples of true T. balkanicus from Europe & the spot shape varies.
The FW spot mentioned may also be oblong in balkanicus.
Turkey.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tarucus_balkanicus_0.jpg
The same spot can round in T. indicus.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarucus_indica#/media/File:Indian_Pointed_Pierrot_Tarucus_indica_DSCN081 5_(6).jpg

The short postdiscal band with the rounded head tend to be widely dislocated & detached in T. balkanicus.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balkan_kaplan%C4%B1_-_Tarucus_balkanicus.jpg


All I can say at the moment it look much more like T. balkanicus.

[Psyche]

Post 46.

Potanthus pseudomaesa. male.
Abdominal end with a black band.
FW band spots 4 & 5 with little overlap above & below.
FW spots 2 & 3 widest.
HW with spot 6 small on the upperside ;veins not dark-dusted.
UnH band with dark spots & edgings.
Male.
http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Potanthus%20omaha%208690-001a.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_11/thumb/th_30062532d7f5f8902c.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/thumb/th_171_7165-90-55a941a69905b-4.jpg
Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/thumb/th_780_34738-170-5bb45bfd090c6-1.jpg


Similar species with the abdominal end with a black band.

P. juno Abdominal end lightly black FW spot 8 absent or vestigial: FW spot 5 usually smaller than spot 4.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-juno-1080x724.jpg
female.
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WroJpPq0U5g/WGddN4VeO8I/AAAAAAAAQQk/yLDmI309uw8nDMBP_wvQFzx7edYEtR6IACLcB/s1600/JunoDart-KohCH.jpg

P. trachala.deep orange lFW spots 4 & 5 fully detached ; spots spiky ; HW spot 4 +5 project out more; UnH dark edgings .
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kvlAhJLLsd0/VAxf7FbehUI/AAAAAAAAQFc/hP3tC8esw5s/s1600/HFH3746-Potanthus-trachala-tytleri.jpg

P. serina; FW spot 5 smaller than spot 4; HW band with a small spot 6 at inner end; dark shaded ,no spots.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20serina/Potanthus-serina-KSK.jpg

P. pallida; FW spots 4 & 5 widely detached; FW spots strongly divided by dark veins. UnH dark shaded.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-K_9vR_LQ-UM/Vo0KCQQEeNI/AAAAAAAAGQo/Ale7nwDESUQ/s1600/Untitled-1.jpg
female
http://slbutterflies.lk/storage/app/public/butterflies/b1492795764.JPG

P. sita; FW spots 4 & 5 well detached, spiky ; similar to P. trachala but spots yellow.
https://live.staticflickr.com/2742/4261936867_070544c037.jpg

P. palnia; FW spots 5 usually smaller than spot 4 ;UnH dark-shaded greenish; no dark spots ;abdominal end wholly black.
https://farm5.static.flickr.com/4536/37999817064_e5eb33ea48_b.jpg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/76033499@N00/30430140096/

P. lydia ;Abdomen dark, end wholly black; FW spot 4 & 5 with inner margins convergent; UnH lightly shaded.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-lydia.jpg
https://c1.staticflickr.com/6/5648/21483016020_e0f34ba0dc.jpg

P. rectifasciatus FW band rather straight ;HW spot 6 large , prominent ;UnH with heavy spotting.
https://farm5.static.flickr.com/4585/38661764476_5a39db4bb7_b.jpg

P. mingo ;Similar to P ganda or omaha but abdominal end with a black band ;UnH with dark spots ;band margins excavate.
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tFtROXZYiZI/W_ErxDkE91I/AAAAAAAAUA0/vigPklu01Zk8ED1PVNUUuA9YRNAfy41dQCLcBGAs/s1600/HFH_3107%2BPotanthus%2Bmingo.JPG

P. flava UnH usually with heavy dark spots. Spots may be very spiky.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92780010.html
Japan.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/3a/10/d7/3a10d7c4860c43c027660744c9ea7c2e.jpg
Probable P. flavus Thailand.
https://www.thaibugs.com/wp-content/gallery/hesperiidae/Potanthus%20species%201.jpg

P. nesta ;FW band with continuous overlap or nearly so (like confucius, but abdominal end with black band). UnH band rectangular ,spot 6 small.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92800001.html
http://www.samuibutterflies.com/02_images/travels/hesperiidae/potanthusparvus.v.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Dont take my word for this one although I still think it is T. balkanicus.

...................

All I can say at the moment it look much more like T. balkanicus.

Never mind that Dr Seow. Both Tshulthrim Drukpa Wangyel and I am thankful for all your support and help regarding this id and ids of other specimens.

[gkbaliga]

Greetings from South India Dr. Seow

Our friend from Bhutan needs help in identifying the following specimens.
All shot in Bhutan


1 a and 1 b both images of the same specimen shot at 1200 mts elevation. Could this be Pelopidas Agna
1. a.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48802932071_b7a623271d.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hmxMri)Skipper1 (https://flic.kr/p/2hmxMri) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

1, b.

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48803073327_19e1e4117f.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hmyvqK)Skipper2 (https://flic.kr/p/2hmyvqK) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr




Both 2.a and 2. b are of the same specimen. Could this be Borbo cinnara? Thorax greenish ;P

2. a.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48802932146_233b6a85b7.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hmxMsA)Skipper4 (https://flic.kr/p/2hmxMsA) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

2. b.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48802582888_bae9b6cb67.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hmvZCU)Skipper3 (https://flic.kr/p/2hmvZCU) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr



Both 3. a. and 3. b. are of the same specimen. Could this be Pelopidas agna? ;P

3.a.

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48802582938_9fd4ed7740.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hmvZDL)Skipper5 (https://flic.kr/p/2hmvZDL) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

3.b.
https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48802582948_2909c1ca4b.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hmvZDW)Skipper6 (https://flic.kr/p/2hmvZDW) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

1. Pelopidas agna.
FW spots 2 & 3 are not very narrow here.

2. Borbo cinnara.
UNh spots are fairly typical with the main three spots 2, 3, & 6.
2nd pic shows a spot in space 1b.


3. Pelopidas agna.
This is a more typical male with narrow spots 2 & 3.



TL Seow: CHeers.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much Dr Seow

[gkbaliga]

Greetings from South India Dr. Seow

Our friend from Bhutan seeks your help in identifying these following butterflies. All shot in Bhutan.

01. Would this be a Parnara bada or apostata? (He remembers as all 4 are of the same specimen)

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49065789996_54d2f84983_h.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hKLZWu)001 (https://flic.kr/p/2hKLZWu) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49066001092_29900211b0_k.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hKN5G5)003 (https://flic.kr/p/2hKN5G5) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49066000987_821a414b55_h.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hKN5Eg)005 (https://flic.kr/p/2hKN5Eg) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49065272378_075288a051_k.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hKJm53)007 (https://flic.kr/p/2hKJm53) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


02. Which Potanthus would this be? (He believes that all 3 are of the same specimen)

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49065789961_eadaf89c8c_h.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hKLZVT)002 (https://flic.kr/p/2hKLZVT) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49066000937_7880de9e4c_b.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hKN5Dp)006 (https://flic.kr/p/2hKN5Dp) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/49065272603_f70afdfb88_k.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2hKJm8V)004 (https://flic.kr/p/2hKJm8V) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[gkbaliga]

Probably you missed this Dr Seow?

[Psyche]

The Parnaras are very confusing in fieldshots.

IT is necessary to refer to specimens that are IDed properly.
All species have forms in which the HW spots are reduced & rounded.

From the Yutaka site it can be seen that in P. bada spot 3 is rounded or nearly so & is placed midway between spot 2 & 4.
In both P. ganga & apostata spot 3 is elongate & placed closer to spot 2.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93040001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93020001.html
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93050001.html

P. ganga : Spots yellowish ;FW spot 2 elongate (blunt arrowhead) & closer to spot 2 ; HW spots wider (rectangular) close ;HW spot 6 may be present ;FW lower cellspot sometimes present.
Examples showing UP/UN.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ParnaraSp/Parnara_HemantOgale_ai387.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ParnaraSp/Parnara_HemantOgale_ai390.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ParnaraSp/Parnara_HemantOgale_ai398.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ParnaraSp/Parnara_HemantOgale_ai395.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ParnaraSp/ParnaraSp_HemantOgale_aj189.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ParnaraSp/ParnaraSp_HemantOgale_aj190.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/118_8102-151-55e887e5d6e2c-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/118_8101-265-55e887b55a2e0-1.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/106_21612-158-5a03fc08d44f6-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2017/1_21612-158-5a03fc08d44f6-2.jpg

Form with two cellspots.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/97_6607-644-5566d7c7ba7bd-1.jpg


This is by far the commonest species in India but has largely been identified as Parnara bada.

[Psyche]

Parnara bada:: Spots yellowish; FW spot 3 rounded or nearly so & midway between spot 2 & 4; HW spots small rounded separate, . FW rarely with an upper celspot.

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/725_22812-206-5a279ea3aca4e-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2018/622_23847-647-5a50901e84a6a-1.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2014/160_1790-727-54775d90b8e97-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2014/160_1790-727-54775d90b8e97-3.jpg

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/206_10166-616-56651450758f3-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2016/206_10166-616-56651450758f3-1.jpg


Parnara bada appear to be rather rare compared to P. ganga.

[Psyche]

Parnara apostata: Spots whitish; Upperside very dark ; FW without cellspot; FW spot 3 elongate as in P. ganga; HW spots in a stepladder arrangement but can be irregular;HW spot 6 may be present, brownish & obscure.

https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/302195347db90205e8.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/302195347db9fa9e77.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/302195347db99e4c59.jpg


https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/166_3045-988-54b52bcdad495-1.jpg


https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/260_4595-895-5508551b83382-1.jpg


Only in the NE regions.

[Psyche]

Parnara guttata: Spots whitish ; Male with 2 cellspots, female with one upper cellspot ; HW spots usually large & in a stepladder arrangement; HW without spot 6.

Male.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/523_17054-56-58a8121f48ec0-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/523_17054-56-58a8121f48ec0-2.jpg

Female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/523_17060-58-58a816138d73c-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/523_17060-58-58a816138d73c-2.jpg


Only in the extreme north.

[Psyche]

Post 54.

001 & 003.
Should be P. bada.
Although FW spot 3 appear as a blunt arrowhead ,some examples may have this (See Yutaka P. bada female, Chiang Mai).
The spot 3 is placed equal distance from spot 2 & 4.
The UnH spots are all small & rounded.

005.
Probably P. ganga; UnH spots are placed close together.

007;
Probably P. bada.
FW spot 3 midway between spot 2 & 4 ;HW with spot 6 .

002 & 006.
This Ampittia dioscorides.


007.
Potanthus pseudomaesa male.
FW spots 4 & 5 with small overlap with spot 3 & almost none with spot 6; HW band lightly crossed by dark veins.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/92740010.html
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/Potanthus/PotanthusSp_RohitGirotra_ak402.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_7165-90-55a941a69905b-3.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/171_7165-90-55a941a69905b-4.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.
PS. Evans' key differ from the key of Chiba & Eliot particularly with regards to HW spot 6 in Parnara ganga.
Evans state HW spot 6 is rarely present in P. ganga.
Chia & Eliot state HW spot 6 is absent.
Their keys are consistent in stating P. bada have small separate spots.

Yutaka shows the two male P. ganga with HW spot 6.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93050001.html

There are many examples where the upperside is P. ganga but the UnH have a large spot 6, apart from spots 2-5 being largish for P. bada.
eg, same female.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ParnaraSp/Parnara_HemantOgale_ai387.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/ParnaraSp/Parnara_HemantOgale_ai390.jpg


PS. 2 .Typical undoubted Parnara ganga in SE. Asia. These examples match those in the reference books.
Note 1. FW spot 3 very close to spot 2; 2. HW spots rectangular & close together; 3. No HW spot 6.
Langkawi , P. Malaysia.
http://www.samuibutterflies.com/expeditions/hesperiidae/panaraganga/
Vietnam.
http://butterfliesvietnam.blogspot.com/2015/08/135-parnara-ganga-continental-swift.html

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much Dr. Seow

[gkbaliga]

Greetings from South India Dr. Seow

Our friend from Bhutan Thsulthrim Drukpa Wangyel is looking to identify the following specimens. All photos are shot in Bhutan

Id help from you would be most appreciated.


1. https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/50176226062_dabffef551_w.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2jrUgTU)Silverline (https://flic.kr/p/2jrUgTU) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


2. https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/50175433778_0ca6db2360_w.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2jrQdnQ)Skipper (https://flic.kr/p/2jrQdnQ) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr


3. https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/50175433803_29092dc8d0_w.jpg (https://flic.kr/p/2jrQdog)Flash (https://flic.kr/p/2jrQdog) by GKBaliga (https://www.flickr.com/photos/93793400@N02/), on Flickr

[Psyche]

Post 62.

1. Spindasis syama.

S. syama ;FW cell bar intact & FW outermost submarginal line continuous.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/1111/Spindasis-syama

S. elwesi, rukma & ictis.
FW cell bar with end spot sepatarated & outer submarginal line , a series of spot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/3252/Spindasis-elwesi
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/3078/Spindasis-rukma
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/877/Spindasis-ictis

S. nipalicus & zhengwelie.
FW cell bar broken & bands narrower than ground colour.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/931/Spindasis-nipalicus
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/2987/Spindasis-zhengweilie


S. shistacea & vulcanus.
FW with an orange marginal band.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/832/Spindasis-schistacea
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/sp/608/Spindasis-vulcanus

[Psyche]

Post 62.

2. Polytremis eltola.
This vieww is geherally tough to ID.

P. eltola have the cellspot & spot 2 more strongly yellow. HW cilia yellow but to judge in worn specimen.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/260_6050-686-5540eb6b8365b-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2014/1_311-22-541c9291b1ca0-2.jpg

P. discreta.HW cilia white.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/1a_7/302235347debf657a8.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/113_47561-127-5dbea71c2dd63-1.jpg

P. lubricans.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/PolytremisLubricans/PolytremisLubricans_VivekSarkar_ap206.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/PolytremisLubricans/Polytremislubricans_HemantOgale_an148.jpg

[Psyche]

Post 62.
3 Rapala varuna.

The bands in R. varuna is broad ,double white[edged. On the HW the band & the cellend bar comes very close.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/94_3373-343-54c346e56d48d-1.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2015/94_4252-551-54ec5c9e0863d-1.jpg


TL Seow: Cheers.

[gkbaliga]

Thank you so much Dr Seow

Greetigs

[Tshulthrim]

Dear Dr. Seow,

Only after a year i could manage an open wing la, can this both be Onryza maga as stated in previous comment la.
https://flic.kr/p/2n9omu1
https://flic.kr/p/2n9r9rp

Best regards
Tshulthrim

[Psyche]

Dear Dr. Seow,

Only after a year i could manage an open wing la, can this both be Onryza maga as stated in previous comment la.
https://flic.kr/p/2n9omu1
https://flic.kr/p/2n9r9rp

Best regards
Tshulthrim



I am afraid you can't assumed two images taken 2 years apart be the same species.

I can't remember what was discussed last but it is best to ignore it since neither one can be Onryza maga.


https://www.flickr.com/photos/190131380@N08/51947622825/
The wingshape isthat of Pedesta. The 3 subapical spots are in a straight line.
The antenna tip dark orange.
Probably Pedesta panda.

The two similar species are much confused.

P. panda commomner ;FW spot 2 close to cellspot , while spot 3 is far from it.
UnH more ochreous.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/279_30130-4-5b1aa5919ed5f-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2019/279_30130-4-5b1aa5919ed5f-1.jpg

P. pandita rarer; FW spot 2 & 3 overlapping, & both far from the cellspot.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/PedestaPandita/PedestaPandita_GauravAgavekar_aa653.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1611_82341-969-609ab2c9089a5-2.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2021/1611_82341-969-609ab2c9089a5-1.jpg


Onryza has a different wingshape.
O. maga UnH is marked with black spots ,while O. siamica & meiktila have UnH unmarked ochreous in DSF.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Distribution-of-Onryza-maga-(Leech%2C-1890)-with-of-Xue-Li/79178c46531426e053f57daffa514c406f5e5a00
https://www.flickr.com/photos/angiud/42806858264
O. meiktila.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Onryza-meiktila.jpg




https://www.flickr.com/photos/190131380@N08/51947078008/
FW with male brand in space 1b
FW spot 2 & 3 separated.

Probably Thoressa fusca.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/91245001.html

Similar.
T. gupta FW cellspot faint or absent.

Thoressa aina. HW cilia unmarked.
https://zsispeciespage.com/Species/thoressa-aina-de-nicville-1889

Pedesta baileyi HW cilia yellow.





TL Seow: Cheers.

[Tshulthrim]

Thank you so much Dr. Seow once again I thought it was Onryza maga since it was discussed in previous comment la, however thank you once for clearing my doubts and sharing me a key point la.

Best Regards
Tshulthrim