Orange Skippers Id

[Sailfish]

Happy New Year!
Appreciate an id for these skippers.
Thanks.

[Psyche]

1. probably Potanthus ganda male.
There are a lot of dark shadings & the hindwing veins are only lightly darkened.
Forewing spot 5 smaller than 4 suggests P. serina but dark edgings rule it out.
An upperside view is needed here.
(Add. info.: P. trachala have dark notchings of the forewing spots but there is hardly any overlap between spot 4 & 5, and those above & below them.)

2. Telicota linna female. Hindwing veins not darkened.
(Note Telicota lacks the big spot (in space 7) above the band on the hindwing.)
This species appeared to be not rare in Singapore.

3. Potanthus serina male.typical
Note forewing spot 5 half the size of spot 4 ;spots without dark notches.

TL Seow:cheers:

[Sailfish]

Thank you Dr Seow for the id.

For the first skipper, I don't have a chance to take the upperside shots.

:cheers:

[Psyche]

Individual variations make it difficult to compare & make an ID.
Here are the possibilities. All males.

Potanthus ganda .
http://m1.i.pbase.com/g4/25/686825/2/142059551.hxASEFJU.jpg

Potanthus confucius (Taiwan)
http://josephkong.net/d/16510-3/IMG_3134.jpg

Potanthus juno. Note only two subapical spots (3rd may be present but vestigial.)
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eLxO6Cqrl-k/Tv3BPqqdcTI/AAAAAAAAFIw/5qD_fJxEnpw/s400/DSC3668%2BSkipper%2B%2540%2BBukit%2BBrown.jpg

Potanthus trachala. Note little overlap of the forewing groups of spots; may varies.
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/--T6Y6vf_Hbk/UQvVICjVKtI/AAAAAAAAJEo/OtYXqc0KuiE/s640/HFH2662-Potanthus+sp.jpg

Potanthus mingo.
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f3wB2A2ujBs/TljGL_hdu_I/AAAAAAAABdc/afUjssvXasc/s1600/_MG_1531.jpg

It looks closest to the last two.
It could be a P. trachala variant in which theere is more overlap on the underside. (Note the degree of overlap usually do not match on the two sides.)
It also looks close to P. mingo.

TL Seow:cheers:

[Psyche]

1. male Potanthus serina.

The disparity in size of spot 4 & 5 on the forewing is greater in P. serina than in any other Potanthus species in Singapore except P. juno.

This single feature alone point to its true ID.
The supporting features are.
1. The veins across the hindwing band are often lightly darkened.
2. The marginal areas have well-defined dark veins.
3. The hindwing band often has a small extension into space 6 at the top.
4. Dark notchings of the outer margins of the spots/band can also be present as in the female below.

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_yzw2AzY2du4/S3gVZePPXOI/AAAAAAAAERE/Fxr51f6jZ4c/s400/Potanthus+serina+F+Horace.jpg

TL Seow:cheers:

[Sailfish]

Thanks Dr Seow for providing pictures of the various Potanthus species that could probably be found in Singapore.

:cheers: