The epimuta group in Singapore.

[Psyche]

EPIMUTA.png
The epimuta group consist of three species in which the male have a circular disc on the FW that reflect the colour differently.
They are A. epimuta ,atosia & lurida.
The underside pattern is also distinctive.

1. FW spot 4 is dislocated & shifted out from spot 5 & 3.
2. HW with the postdiscal band completely dislocated at vein 2.
3. HW spot 5, 6, 7 7 in chelon, arranged in a staggered manner ,with eah spot set ifurther in than the one below it.
The degree of overlap is quite varable & spot 7 may appear to be almost entirely on top of spot 6.
(This sometimes cause confusion with the pseudomuta group.

A. epimuta is the commonest & tailless. A white cilial spot at HW tornus often present.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopa...aMFUpUnAC1.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fZs6LPksM...e_field_01.jpg

The other two species are tailed & can look quite similar.

Arhopala atosoa malayana.
The Male disc is large & the FW border is a thread.
The underside is poorly contrasted.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4f/81810010.html
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...naMUpUnAC1.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec..._atosia_02.jpg
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec..._atosia_01.jpg
Note UpF narrow border.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15443489
Otsuka L172.

Arhopala lurida lurida.
Male disc smaller & UpF border increases at apex.
Underside darker & much more contrasted.
https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4f/81820001.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopa...daMUpUnAC1.jpg
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ala-lurida.jpg
Otsuka L173.

A recent observation is Arhopala lurida.Correction:Probably A. sublustris.
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193582308


TL Seow: Cheers.