The epimuta group in Singapore.

[Psyche]

Hi Dr Seow,

Regarding the observation you mentioned was Arhopala lurida, the HW post-discals are very close to the submarginals, I thought that there would be a gap in A.lurida?

You need to identify which group it belongs to first.

Epimuta group . A. epimuta ,atosia, lurida.
HW band completely dislocated at vein 2.
FW with postdiscal spot 4 shifted outwards from spot 5 above it & usually from spot 3 below.
HW spot 7 shifted inwards from spot 6 (inner margins not aligned).
A. atosia
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...aMFUpUnAC1.jpg

The pseudomuta group A. pseudomuta, alitaeus.
HW band completely dislocated at vein 2.
FW spot 4 dislocated out strongly.
HW spot 7 atop spot 6, not shifted in.
A. pseudomuta.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...-%20Horace.jpg


The cleander group.
HW band completely dislocated at vein 2.
HW spot 7 atop spot 6, not shifted in.
FW spot 4 not shifted outwards from spot 5 above it.
Cleander subgroup. Large with the markings widely separated.
A. athada. silhetensis.
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopa...thadaMUpUn.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...Comparison.jpg
Alea subgroup. medium so the bands are colser together (except A. aroa.)
A. sublustris.
https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...erry%20Ong.jpg

The eumolphus group. A. eumolphus, corinda.
HW band only partially dislocated at vein 2.
HW spot 7 atop spot 6.
FW spot 4 strongly dislocated out.
A. eumolphus.
https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Ar...lphus-maxwelli

You can tell it is not a member of the alea subgroup.

TL Seow: Cheers.