Arctornis in Singapore.

[Psyche]

Arctornis riguata.

This have a weak discal spot; irregularly oriented scales on the FW.
Diagnostically there are deep faint grey triangle on the distal margin.
The apical costa is darken, causing confusion with A. marginalis.
https://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-5...thini_1_22.php

A serious outbreak occur in Probolinggo Java in 2011.
Initally it was identified as A. submarginata.
The 2013 article indicate it is largely Arctornis riguata.
https://data03.123doks.com/thumbv2/1...-berwarna.webp
https://www.sciencedirect.com/scienc...78301916301024

Dec. 2014 Toh Yi Drive.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...5457/large.jpg
Jul.2021 Thomson Lane.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...123/large.jpeg
Jun. 2022 Sengkang.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...3053/large.jpg

[Psyche]

Likely Arctornis rufimarginata.
https://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-5...thini_1_57.php
Wings are uniform white (ie without corrugation or rippled scales).
Fringe & costa golden-brown. Swinhoe states rufous (reddish)
The colour is rendered too grey causing the brown to appear blackish.
Jan. 2019 CWC.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...799/large.jpeg


Possibly Arctornis hedleyi.. Prominent FW marginal grey 'triangles'.
https://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-5...thini_1_71.php
Dec. 2021 USR.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...542/large.jpeg

[Psyche]

Probable Arctornis perfecta.
The only satiny white species here with an acute FW (male) & lack a discal spot.
Uniform white without corrugation or condensed scales.
https://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-5...thini_1_36.php
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...676/large.jpeg
The 2nd pic shows with a deeper brown patch besides each eye(whitish) & the palps shaded dark brown ventrally.
The brown bar across the base of the antennae is not visible here.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...694/large.jpeg

Other similar species have a black discal spot.
UnIDed species.
Fron is marked as described for A. submarginata but wingshape is incorrect.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...8487/large.jpg

[Psyche]

Probable Arctornis rhopica.
Some resemblance to A. poecilonipha.
Frons , palps rufous brown.
Jan 2020 Mandai Road.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama.../original.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama.../original.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...9024/large.jpg
https://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-5...thini_1_34.php

For comparison. P. Malaysia.
Probable A. rhopica.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...4650/large.jpg
A. poecilonipha.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photo...7098/large.jpg

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Would then this observation be faded female Arctornis singaporensis?
I do not understand the part where scale structure can be corrugated, but this observation is white, veins are green and lacks a discal spot
Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142270783

Skipping regards
Zicky

[Psyche]

Dear Doctor Seow,

Would then this observation be faded female Arctornis singaporensis?
I do not understand the part where scale structure can be corrugated, but this observation is white, veins are green and lacks a discal spot
Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/142270783

Skipping regards
Zicky

Yes.
A. singaporensis; No discal spot; no corrugation, green veins ;vein-stripes enhanced in the female.


Corrugation : formings ridges , like roof tiles.
ARCTONIS.png

[Psyche]

Arctornis submarginata.
Widespread species.
Range India to Australia.
A minor pest on tea in NE India. Also feed on Cinnamomum species.
Female. reared from oak. India.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile...richophora.png

One observation matches Holloway's description well.
The frons have a band across the bases of the antennae & across the eyes, the two bands merging; palps ochreous shaded at the tip.
Feb 2917 Pasir Ris.
https://static.inaturalist.org/photos/6209209/large.jpg
FW with a discal black dot, & lightly corrugated scalings.
FW costa lightly edged ochreous & fringes light grey.
https://www.mothsofborneo.com/part-5...thini_1_46.php

From this the following observations can be included
Oct. 2020 Yio Chu Kang.Female (rounded FWs).
The triangular piece is part of the frons between the eyes.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...4449/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...4454/large.jpg

Aug 2020 Woodlands Male.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...734/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...637/large.jpeg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...739/large.jpeg

Aug 2014. Botanic Garden. Female.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...3905/large.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...3904/large.jpg

[Zicky]

Dear Doctor Seow

I shot the following Arctornis at bukit batok today. It has a discal spot, but the antenna,palps and frons are quite well hidden. I cant really decide if it has corrgated marks base on your comments, but i think its Arctornis riguata. I would like to hear your inputs.

Inat link - https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/146109518

Skipping regards
Zicky