Which Horaga?

[JitLeangFoo]

Will these be sufficient to tell which Horage? Recorded in Ubin in Mar 2021.
b363603b-4486-4b31-9a2f-ee003d6720cd.jpg
8aa04f88-e072-4843-add6-0027d20e3372.jpg

[Psyche]

Horaga onyx sardonyx. Correction ;H syrinx maenala.


Four species are recorded from Singapore.
Two medium & two small species.

They can be easily confused.

H. syrinx maenala.
The white patch on the FW is generally narrow & not notched. (variable.)
Underside HW white postdiscal band ,as it bends inwards is sinuous & irregularly thicken; it falls short of reaching the margin.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...011-copy-6.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...04_02_2011.jpg
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Dwe-TU83l...nOnyx3-KSK.jpg
http://www.butterflycircle.com/check...20-%20Khew.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83170010.html



H. onys sardonyx.
FW white patch wider, strongly notched in the outer margin.
Underside HW postdiscal band ,after the bend runs straight, of uniform width to the margin or almost so.
Thai examples.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83160010.html
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...x-1080x675.jpg

Singapore example.
https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3480/...fac_z.jpg?zz=1


The other two are small species. Both have forelegs mostly white.

H. chacedonyx. Upperside FW white patch extends below vein 2 ; upperside with blue scaling.
https://singapore.biodiversity.onlin...doptera-000462
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4/83173020.html


H. albimacula.
Upperside brown, FW white patch not extending below vein 2.
The continental ssp viola is also treated as a separate species.
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...arya_aj909.jpg
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...aDas_ap237.jpg

Probable Singapore example.
https://farm3.static.flickr.com/2316...c9be6dfa69.jpg



TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

Correction ; Horaga synrinx maenala.

The lower part of the postdiscal band is abraded. It is straight but does not quite comes close to the margin.


Another H. onyx sardonyx from P. Malaysia for comparison.
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.ama...jpg?1545320128



TL Seow: Cheers.

[JitLeangFoo]

Sorry, a bit confused. Is my specimen H.synrinx or H.onyx?

[Psyche]

It is most likely a female H. syrinx.


The female H. syrinx also have a large white FW spot.
https://singapore.biodiversity.onlin...doptera-000120

In H. syrinx the HW white band at the lower end (after the bend) is short & irregularly thicken. It also does not reach the margin.
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Dwe-TU83l...nOnyx3-KSK.jpg

In H. onyx. this part of the white band is long & straight, reaching the margin.
https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3480/...fac_z.jpg?zz=1


Your butt have this part of the white band straight suggesting H. onyx but too short & not reaching the margin.

All correct examples of H. onyx have this part long & straight, reaching the margin , whatever the subspecies.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gancw1/46395044421/
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/me...ekar_ag359.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...n_Onyx_(2).jpg

A female H. syrinx in which the lower part of the band is only slightly undulate.
https://thaibutterflies.com/project_tag/horaga-syrinx/

TL Seow: Cheers.