Good evening Dr.Seow Sir, I hope you are healthy & good as always.
Caltoris seems to be a confusing & rather difficult genus. So your help in discussion of this confusing genus will make a huge impact for my future expeditions. So your help in identification is highly appreciated.....
Caltoris is terribly confusing.
Much of the ID is based on the colouration which is very inconsistently variable in photos.
The spotting is also highly variable.
Caltoris kumara moorei UnF without a pale area in space 1b. (some examples may have a diffuse spot.)
UnH overlaid with ochreous brown Ssp. kumara (S India) female may have spots in space 2 & 3. http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93350010.html
1, 2, & 4 are the same species & should be Caltoris cahira austeni.
1. FW with 2 prominent cellspots , UNH deeper darker brown.
2. FW with 2 cellspots, the upper one rather faint; UnH deeper ,darker brown contrasting with FW; a tiny spot in space 1b visible on right FW.
4. FW with 2 cellspot & a spot 1b; UnH dark & strongly contrasted.
The presence of a spot in FW space 1b suggest C. sirius as it always have it & its underside is described as chocolate.
However the arrangement of the FW spots are different. C. cahira ; FW spot 2, 3, & 4 rapidly becomes smaller upwards . http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93300010.html
5. Caltoris kumara moorei. Female.
The UnH is deeper brown but less than in C. cahira. The 3subapical spots are nearly in line. http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93350010.html
6 is probably Caltoris bromus.
FW with the cellspots prominent.A small space 1b spot. Underside with a more even brown on both wings. http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93320001.html
7 is probably C. cormasa male.
FW with only the lower cellspot present. Main spots rather yellow. UnH a deeper reddish tone. http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93340001.html
8. C. cormasa female ;UpF spots yellow ;More distinct red tone.
9. probably C. cormasa male.
UpF spots yellow & Un. same contrast between the wings.