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Thread: The epimuta group in Singapore.

  1. #1
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    Default The epimuta group in Singapore.

    EPIMUTA.png
    The epimuta group consist of three species in which the male have a circular disc on the FW that reflect the colour differently.
    They are A. epimuta ,atosia & lurida.
    The underside pattern is also distinctive.

    1. FW spot 4 is dislocated & shifted out from spot 5 & 3.
    2. HW with the postdiscal band completely dislocated at vein 2.
    3. HW spot 5, 6, 7 7 in chelon, arranged in a staggered manner ,with eah spot set ifurther in than the one below it.
    The degree of overlap is quite varable & spot 7 may appear to be almost entirely on top of spot 6.
    (This sometimes cause confusion with the pseudomuta group.

    A. epimuta is the commonest & tailless. A white cilial spot at HW tornus often present.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopa...aMFUpUnAC1.jpg
    https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fZs6LPksM...e_field_01.jpg

    The other two species are tailed & can look quite similar.

    Arhopala atosoa malayana.
    The Male disc is large & the FW border is a thread.
    The underside is poorly contrasted.
    https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4f/81810010.html
    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...naMUpUnAC1.jpg
    https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec..._atosia_02.jpg
    https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec..._atosia_01.jpg
    Note UpF narrow border.
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/15443489
    Otsuka L172.

    Arhopala lurida lurida.
    Male disc smaller & UpF border increases at apex.
    Underside darker & much more contrasted.
    https://yutaka.it-n.jp/lyc4f/81820001.html
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopa...daMUpUnAC1.jpg
    https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-conte...ala-lurida.jpg
    Otsuka L173.

    A recent observation is Arhopala lurida.Correction:Probably A. sublustris.
    https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/193582308


    TL Seow: Cheers.
    Attached Images Attached Images
    Last edited by Psyche; 21-Mar-2024 at 09:37 PM.

  2. #2
    Join Date
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    Default

    Hi Dr Seow,

    Regarding the observation you mentioned was Arhopala lurida, the HW post-discals are very close to the submarginals, I thought that there would be a gap in A.lurida?
    Jian Kai

  3. #3
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    Default

    Quote Originally Posted by LJK1410 View Post
    Hi Dr Seow,

    Regarding the observation you mentioned was Arhopala lurida, the HW post-discals are very close to the submarginals, I thought that there would be a gap in A.lurida?


    You need to identify which group it belongs to first.

    Epimuta group . A. epimuta ,atosia, lurida.
    HW band completely dislocated at vein 2.
    FW with postdiscal spot 4 shifted outwards from spot 5 above it & usually from spot 3 below.
    HW spot 7 shifted inwards from spot 6 (inner margins not aligned).
    A. atosia
    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped...aMFUpUnAC1.jpg

    The pseudomuta group A. pseudomuta, alitaeus.
    HW band completely dislocated at vein 2.
    FW spot 4 dislocated out strongly.
    HW spot 7 atop spot 6, not shifted in.
    A. pseudomuta.
    https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...-%20Horace.jpg


    The cleander group.
    HW band completely dislocated at vein 2.
    HW spot 7 atop spot 6, not shifted in.
    FW spot 4 not shifted outwards from spot 5 above it.
    Cleander subgroup. Large with the markings widely separated.
    A. athada. silhetensis.
    https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhopa...thadaMUpUn.jpg
    https://blogger.googleusercontent.co...Comparison.jpg
    Alea subgroup. medium so the bands are colser together (except A. aroa.)
    A. sublustris.
    https://www.butterflycircle.com/chec...erry%20Ong.jpg

    The eumolphus group. A. eumolphus, corinda.
    HW band only partially dislocated at vein 2.
    HW spot 7 atop spot 6.
    FW spot 4 strongly dislocated out.
    A. eumolphus.
    https://wingscales.com/Lycaenidae/Ar...lphus-maxwelli

    You can tell it is not a member of the alea subgroup.

    TL Seow: Cheers.
    Last edited by Psyche; 20-Dec-2023 at 06:44 AM.

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