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Vanessa cardui
(Painted Lady)

Acknowledgements

This checklist is updated regularly and validated in consultation with Dr Laurence G Kirton (Forest Research Institute of Malaysia), and previously, the late Col John N Eliot, (of the Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula, Edition 4). Contributions to the sightings and latest additions to the Singapore Checklist are with special thanks to the hardworking members of ButterflyCircle.

Updates

The latest update in 2008 is consistent with the recent re-classification developments and updates to C&P4 in the Malaysian Nature Journal 59(1), pp 1 - 49, and DNA mapping of the family Nymphalidae by Wahlberg et al, whereby the Subfamilies Nymphalinae, Heliconiinae, Limenitidinae, Cyrestinae and Apaturinae are now applicable to the Singapore checklist. The family Riodinidae, which was earlier placed as a subfamily of Lycaenidae, has also been reinstated to the family level.