ButterflyCircle Checklist - Pemara pugnans (Pugnacious Lancer)

Papilioninae

Riodinidae

Family

Rhopalocera (home) -> Hesperiidae -> Hesperiinae -> Pemara -> pugnans

Pemara pugnans

Pugnacious Lancer

Details

Family: Hesperiidae
Subfamily: Hesperiinae
Genus: Pemara
Species: pugnans
Common Name: Pugnacious Lancer
Wingspan:
Forms:
Status in Singapore:
Life History: incomplete
This butterfly can be found in: •Singapore
Hostplant(s):

Description
To be detailed.

Habitat & Habits
To be detailed.

Other Observations
To be detailed.

Early Stages
To be detailed.

Acknowledgements

This checklist is updated regularly and validated in consultation with Dr Laurence G Kirton (Forest Research Institute of Malaysia), and previously, the late Col John N Eliot, (of the Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula, Edition 4). Contributions to the sightings and latest additions to the Singapore Checklist are with special thanks to the hardworking members of ButterflyCircle.

Singapore is home to 305 species of butterflies.

Updates

The latest update in 2008 is consistent with the recent re-classification developments and updates to C&P4 in the Malaysian Nature Journal 59(1), pp 1 - 49, and DNA mapping of the family Nymphalidae by Wahlberg et al, whereby the Subfamilies Nymphalinae, Heliconiinae, Limenitidinae, Cyrestinae and Apaturinae are now applicable to the Singapore checklist. The family Riodinidae, which was earlier placed as a subfamily of Lycaenidae, has also been reinstated to the family level.

Designed and coded by
Anthony.

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Papilionidae

Pieridae

Nymphalidae

Riodinidae

Lycaenidae

Hesperiidae

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Acknowledgements

Updates