ID help needed for Skippers (5 Oct 2021)

[Blue Nawab]

Dear Dr Seow, Pls help with the skipper id for members. Thanks!

#1
27362
27363

#2
27364

#3
27365

#4
27366

#5
27367

[Psyche]

1. Potanthus ganda female.

3 species in Singapore have the abdominal end yellow.

P. omaha duller yellow brown; veins more distinctly darkened.
Male & female.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha/272%20Potanthus%20omaha%20omaha%20(Lesser%20Dart)% 20Bobby%20Mun.jpg
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DqnG-1dsCUs/UzvTWJkX-8I/AAAAAAAANp0/rY0d0-q5Hik/s1600/DSC_0187.JPG


P. ganda more orange; veins may be lightly darken.Heavier dark shading.
Males.
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1898/42653384170_471d9cb2cb_b.jpg
https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1337/1049156520_ac5c42d89d.jpg
Females.
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8xXyOhBOa1Q/WckTv35mcFI/AAAAAAAAr44/e0yZ4zfUbAYuFb4KCbE1TQq2_qSSrxc3QCLcBGAs/s1600/GandaDart-KohCH.jpg
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X9BG2_Zk_Ps/Wc8m3pfjCiI/AAAAAAAAr_U/uyzaS7MpTEUu75uRd84GtIz705wU2thrgCLcBGAs/s1600/GandaDart_Adult_02.jpg


P. confucius.
Spots overlap generally wider ; yellower than ganda.
Male upperside FW with the band continuous without the veins darken.
https://thaibutterflies.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Potanthus-confucius-1080x675.jpg
https://inaturalist-open-data.s3.amazonaws.com/photos/161460558/large.jpeg?1633333091
Female Taiwan.
http://dearlep.tw/images/Papilionoidea/Hesperiidae/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%BB%83%E6%96%91%E5%BC%84%E8%9 D%B6(%E9%BB%83%E6%96%91%E5%BC%84%E8%9D%B6)%20DSC_0 068.jpg

[Psyche]

2. Female Pelopidas agna.

Underside more uniform brown without grey tinge or dark shading.
Wear cause some darkening.
Female HK.
https://www.plkcastar.edu.hk/greencastar/c/butterfly/butterfly_classification/hk_butterfly_families/images/Pelopidas%20agna.jpg


Pelopidas mathias.
Tend have uneven dark shading even when worn.
Female, India.
https://ftp.funet.fi/index/Tree_of_life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/hesperiinae/pelopidas/sp-2v.jpg

[Psyche]

3. Oriens. paragola
FW brown band broad of uniform width, with the marginal yellow/orange zone reduced to a narrow strip.
http://www.butterflycircle.com/checklist/mugshots/Oriens%20paragola/Oriens%20paragola%20-%202%20-%20Sunny%20Chir.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-04tZVsIbP0M/TwQF0fj7VzI/AAAAAAAAMRQ/JJVgqkfMd2A/s1600/MD_adult_CherHern_01.jpg


Oriens gola.
FW brown band often divided by the pale veins, of irregular size & not wider than the marginal orange zone.
https://live.staticflickr.com/4567/38661556326_85f5171f41_c.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g9JVWqIU_Kg/U-cbOQ1DE2I/AAAAAAAAMgU/OA1vA_XQC44/s1600/bcd3s-S180-CommonDartlet.jpg

[Psyche]

4. Parnara bada.

FW without cellspot. HW spots irregularly arranged often small.
FW spots 2, 3, & 4 are equidistant apart.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r10tmE1ODKA/UPa4h8TT-8I/AAAAAAAAIw0/fRcHm9s-F9M/s1600/LKW+2009+parnara+bada.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parnara_bada_20131010.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93050001.html


Parnara ganga Status uncertain in Singapore.
HW spots tend to larger & close.
FW cellspot may have a lower cellspot.
FW spot 3 is nearer spot 2 than to spot 4.
Vietnam.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-R91gL8h9sCM/Vd_ByExbz5I/AAAAAAAAGtI/F4xOEm8NKok/s1600/Parnara%2Bganga1.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-5YxifWbLmRk/VePpu-PCYII/AAAAAAAAGxQ/g_BZ23Hq5i4/s1600/Parnara%2Bcf%2Bganga.jpg
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93040001.html

[Psyche]

5. Female Pelopidas agna. Correction Caltoris bromus.
FW spot in space 1b can just be seen.
A line drawn through the two cellspot misses the spot in space 1b.


TL Seow: Cheers.

[Psyche]

No. 5. Correction Male Caltoris bromus. Female C. bromus have FW spot 1b always prominent.


Single shot like thisinvariably is very difficult.

FW with two subapical spots, two large cellspot.
Male bromus have a spot in space 1b on FW underside, sometimes on the upperside as well.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93320001.html
Phuket.
http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Pages/thumbnailpopup.php?z=http://www.phuketnaturetours.com/Images/Skippers%20800/Extra-spot%20Swift%20-%20ssp%20bromus%2001%20-%20Mae%20Wong%20NP.jpg&width=800&height=600&title=Extra-spot%20Swift%20-%20ssp%20bromus%20%20-%20Mae%20Wong%20NP
Female .Taiwan.
https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTfwOG67sYeXNmFaQ2VAM2sWHL9Xwr42 4RP4w&usqp=CAU


Similar.
Female P. agna typically 3 subapical spot, lower spot 1b large.
http://yutaka.it-n.jp/hes/93090001.html

Borbo cinnara typically 3 subapical spots, large spot 1b, thick antennal club. (Cellspot 0 -2 ).
https://www.ifoundbutterflies.org/media_images/2020/83_57953-532-5ec14dbf6102c-2.jpg


TL Seow : Cheers.